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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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contains sensitive cells called rods and cones that transform light energy into nerve impulses
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retina
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delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
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conjunctiva
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fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
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cornea
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tough, white, outer coat of the eye
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sclera
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vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the iris
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choroid
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colored portion of the eye – surrounds the pupil
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iris
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contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and holds the lens in place.
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ciliary body (muscle)
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transparent structure behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor; it refracts light rays onto the retina
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lens
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located in the center of the eye, it is the central opening of the iris, and light enters through the ___
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pupil
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jelly-like material behind the lens that helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball
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vitreous humor
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The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina is the
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optic disc
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The normal adjustment of the lens (becoming fatter or thinner) to bring an object into focus on the retina is called
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accommodation
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A yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc (disk) is the
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macula
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The tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision is the
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fovea centralis
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The bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye is called
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refraction
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the point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain is the
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optic chiasm
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the photosensitive receptor cells in the retina that make the perception of color possible are the
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cones
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The photosensitive receptor cells in the retina that make vision in dim light possible are the
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rods
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area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris containing the aqueous humor
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anterior chamber
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The posterior, inner part of the eye
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fundus
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cranial nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain
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optic nerve
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having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly
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biconvex
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condition of pupils of unequal (anis/o) size
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anisocoria
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pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles
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cycloplegic
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pertaining to the eyelid
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palpebral
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condition of enlargement of the pupil
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mydriasis
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condition of narrowing of the pupil
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myosis
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swelling in the region of the optic disc
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papilledema
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condition of sensitivity to (“fear of”) light
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photophobia
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blind spot – area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision
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scotoma
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inflammation of an eyelid
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blepharitis
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inflammation of the conjunctiva
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conjunctivitis
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inflammation of a tear gland
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dacryoadenitis
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inflammation of the iris
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iritis
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inflammation of the cornea
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keratitis
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inflammation of the white of the eye
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scleritis
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inflammation of the retina
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retinitis
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prolapse of the eyelid
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blepharoptosis
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pertaining to tears
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lacrimal
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pertaining to within the eye
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intraocular
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the fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from trauma or infection
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corneal ulcer
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inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
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uveitis
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condition of dry eyes
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xerophthalmia
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absence of vision in half of the visual field
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hemianopsia
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the eye abnormally turns outward
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exotropia
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a medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes
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ophthalmologist
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a nonmedical person who can examine eyes and prescribe glasses
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optometrist
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a nonmedical person who grinds lenses and fits glasses
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optician
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absence of the lens of the eye
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aphakia
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the eye abnormally turns inward
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esotropia
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dimness of vision – lazy eye (resulting from strabismus and diplopia)
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amblyopia
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farsightedness
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hyperopia
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decreased vision resulting from old age
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presbyopia
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nearsightedness
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myopia
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night blindness
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decreased vision at night
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double vision
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diplopia
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defective curvature of the lens and cornea leading to blurred vision
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astigmatism
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In the myopic eye, light rays do not focus properly on the
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retina
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In the myopic eye, the eyeball may be too
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long
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In the myopic eye, the refractive power of the lens may be too ___, so that the image is blurred and comes to a focus in ___ of the retina
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strong, front
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With the myopic eye, the type of lens (contacts or glasses) used to correct this refractive error is called
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a concave lens
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In the hyperopic eye, the eyeball may be too ___
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short (hint: “hyperopic and “short” both contain an “o” and an “r”).
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In the hyperopic eye, the refractive power of the lens may be too weak, so that the image is blurred and focused in
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back of the retina.
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With the hyperopic eye, the type of lens (contacts or glasses) used to correct this refractive error is called
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a convex lens
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A miotic is a drug that ___ the pupil of the eye
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constricts
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A mydriatic is a drug that ___ the pupil of the eye
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dilates
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retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of the retinal veins, and neovascularization occur secondary to this abnormal endocrine condition
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diabetic retinopathy
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two layers of the retina separate from each other
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retinal detachment
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abnormal deviations of the eye occur (esotropia and exotropia)
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strabismus
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clouding of the lens causes decreased vision
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cataract
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loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina
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macular degeneration
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a localized, purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
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hordeolum (stye)
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a small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid, formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland
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chalazion
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increased intraocular pressure results in retinal and optic nerve damage
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glaucoma
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a pigmented scar forms on the retina. Characterized by nyctalopia (night blindness, this is often inherited.
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retinitis pigmentosa
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half of the visual field is absent with this condition, which is caused by
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stroke (hemianopsia)
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two prefixes for tears
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lacrim/o, dacry/o
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two prefixes for cornea
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kerat/o, corne/o
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two prefixes for eyelid
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blephar/o, palpebr/o
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two prefixes for pupil
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cor/o, pupill/o
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two prefixes for lens
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phac/o
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three prefixes for eye
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ocu/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o
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a prefix for darkness
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scot/o
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ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, and it is aspirated from the eye
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phacoemulsification
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test of clearness of vision
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visual acuity test
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measurement of tension or pressure within the eye
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glaucoma test
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high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging
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laser photocoagulation
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a laser removes corneal tissue (sculpts it) to correct myopia
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LASIK
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intravenous injection of dye followed by examination of the eyes and blood vessels
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fluorescein angiography
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suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment
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scleral buckle
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test to measure the area within which objects are seen when the eyes are looking straight ahead
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visual field exam
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removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye
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vitrectomy
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visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil
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ophthalmoscopy
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use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye
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slit lamp ocular exam
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corneal transplant surgery
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keratoplasty
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