The Excretory System

Front 1

How is urea formed?

Back 1

from the break down of Proteins

Front 2

Function of: Kidney

Back 2

extract waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body

Front 3

Function of: Ureters

Back 3

a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 4

Function of: Urinary Bladder

Back 4

stores urine, until bladder full ~250 ml; stretch receptors send messages to the brain when it's time to go

Front 5

Function of: Urethra

Back 5

tube that carries urine from inside bladder out

Front 6

Function of: Renal Artery

Back 6

carrying oxygenated blood to your kidneys

Front 7

Function of: Renal Vein

Back 7

drain oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys into the right atrium of the heart

Front 8

Function of: Renal Pelvis (calyx)

Back 8

funnels urine into ureter

Front 9

Function of: Cortex of Kidney

Back 9

where ultrafiltration occurs; renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla; contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts

Front 10

Function of: Medulla of Kidney

Back 10

innermost part of kidney, split into renal pyramids; contains loop of Henle and some of the other parts of a nephron

Front 11

Function of: Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule

Back 11

contains glomerulus and filtrate

Front 12

Function of: Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Back 12

reabsorbs filtrate into the peritubular capilarries

Front 13

Function of: loop of Henle

Back 13

recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine

Front 14

Function of: distal convoluted tubule

Back 14

aldosterone will cause the reabsorption of sodium and water in dct and collecting ducts

Front 15

Function of: collecting duct

Back 15

participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and ADH

Front 16

Function of: glomerulus

Back 16

the basic filtration unit of the kidney

Front 17

Function of: peritubular capillary network

Back 17

tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron

Front 18

Function of: afferent arteriole

Back 18

carries blood from renal artery into glomerulus

Front 19

Function of: efferent arteriole

Back 19

carries blood away from glomerulus to the peritubular capillary network

Front 20

Describe the filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion process involved in urine formation.

Back 20

1. Filtration. Whole blood enters glomerulus. Water, waste, nutrients and salt ions filtered out through the PCT. Blood and protein unfiltered.

2. Reabsorption. Most water, nutrients and required salts reabsorbed from PCT into Peritubulars.

3. Tubular Secretion. Harmful substances removed by active transport from peritubulars into DCT.

Front 21

What hormones increase urine output and decrease urine concentration? Which hormones decrease urine output and increase urine concentration?

Back 21

ADH increases urine output and decreases concentration; Aldosterone decreases urine output and increases concentration

Front 22

What controls urination?

Back 22

Stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder send messages to the brain when bladder is full, ~250 ml.

Front 23

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 23

nephron

Front 24

Describe the role of Renin in regulating urine concentration.

Back 24

Renin is an enzyme that changes angiotensinogen into angio 1 & 2. Which, in turn, stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.