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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is |
G. Stanley Hall |
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According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of |
conscious experience |
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The person who established America's first psychological research laboratory and who launched America's first psychology journal was |
G. Stanley Hall |
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The world's largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology is the |
American Psychological Association |
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In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience, William looked at an abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. This technique is called |
Introspection |
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The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was |
Functionalism |
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The term used by William James to describe a continuous flow of thoughts was |
stream of conciousness |
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The first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was |
Mary Calkins |
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Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called |
Psychoanalysis
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You are interviewing a new member of the psychology department for the university newspaper. The faculty member states, "Many times, people are unaware of the unconscious motivations that drive their overt actions." This faculty member's views are MOST similar to the views held by |
Sigmund Freud |
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The psychologist who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior was |
John B. Watson
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Strict behaviorists would be MOST sympathetic to which one of the following statements? |
Human behavior is primarily caused by environmental factors. |
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Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are MOST consistent with the |
Psychoanalytic view of psychology |
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Marissa wants to study people's emotional reactions to increases in temperature. Her classmate, Bernard, tells her that she should focus on observable behaviors, rather than internal states in her study. Bernard's views are MOST similar to those found in |
The Behavioral perspective |
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Which of the following psychologists would have been MOST likely to assert that "free will is an illusion"? |
B.F. Skinner
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Which of the following groups of psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person? |
Humanists |
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The theoretical viewpoint that is MOST closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow is |
Humanism |
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Which of the following psychologists would be MOST likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her potential? |
Abraham Maslow |
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The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems is called |
Applied Pyschology |
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The area of applied psychology MOST stimulated by World War 2 was |
Clinical psychology |
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The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is called |
Clinical psychology |
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Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived in the old interest in mental and conscious events? |
Cognitive psychology
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Decision making, reasoning, problem solving, and language are topics MOST likely to be studied by |
Cognitive psychologists |
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Historically, most of psychology's research has been conducted in |
the United States |
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Which of the following groups is MOST likely to have been used as subjects for a psychological research? |
Middle and upper class white males |
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The basic premise of evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms' success in |
passing on their genes to the next generation |
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Evolutionary psychologists would MOST likely explain females' greater emphasis on potential mates' economic resources by suggesting that it |
increases resources available for their children |
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The individual MOST closely associated with the recent development of evolutionary psychology is |
David Buss |
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The individual MOST closely associated with the recent development of positive psychology is |
Martin Seligman |
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Topics such as courage, tolerance, creativity, and integrity reflect the interest of the positive psychology movement in the study of |
positive individual traits |
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A psychologist whose major interest focuses on how behavior changes as a function of age would probably be considered a |
developmental psychologist |
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Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask? |
Why do we like some people and not others? |
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A psychologist who works on trying to increase job satisfaction and productivity in a large company would MOST likely have received training in |
industrial and organizational psychology
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A lawyer who wanted to have an expert witness testify at a hearing to determine whether or not his client was competent to stand trial would need to contact a psychologist whose specialty was |
forensic psychology |
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Which of the following is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorders? |
a psychiatrist
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The idea that psychology is empirical suggests that |
conclusions should be based on direct observation |
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The idea that Freud's theory was based, in part, on prevailing values during his lifetime implies that psychology's development is influenced by the |
sociohistorical context
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The civil rights movement and the women's movement raised concerns about whether basic psychological principles could be applied to groups other than white males. Consequently, psychologists began to select samples of subjects that were more diverse for research studies. This change in practice illustrates the idea that |
science evolves in a sociohistorical context |
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Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming was banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that |
behavior is determined by multiple causes |
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Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to which of the following? |
Culture |
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Which of the following BEST characterizes people's understanding of reality? |
Highly subjective |
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The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the |
nature versus nurture issue |
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Research findings indicate that when changing answers on a multiple-choice test, most people change |
a wrong answer to a right answer |
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Which of the following do behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory have in common? |
The implication that people are not masters of their own destinies |
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Which of the following theorists would tend to emphasize explanations in terms of freedom and potential for personal growth? |
Carl Rogers |
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Skinner would suggest that if you study "Extra hard" for your first psychology midterm and earn a "A" for your next psychology midterm you could |
Continue to study extra hard |
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If you were having problems with severe depression, the type of psychologist that would be the greatest help to you would be a |
clinical psychologist |
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Both Rogers and Maslow believed |
people have a basic need to fulfill their potential for personal growth |
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The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations BEST describes a person's |
cultural heritage |
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World War 1 and World War 2 stimulated the growth of psychology as a profession. This influence illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? |
Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. |
