Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Target Cells
|
Periperal cells that can respond to a particular hormone.
|
|
Hormone Receptor
|
A protein in the cell membrane, or within the cytoplasm or nucleus, to which a hormone specifically binds to trigger its actions on a target cell.
|
|
Extracellular Receptors
|
Located in cell membrane, targeted by amino acid derivatives, peptides, and eicosanoids; also operates through a second messenger such as cyclic-AMP.
|
|
Intracellular Receptors
|
Located in cytoplasm or nucleus, targeted by steroid and thyroid hormones, operates through changes in gene expression, thyroid hormones can also act on mitochondria.
|
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
|
Triggers thyroid hormone release.
|
|
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
|
Stimulates glucocorticoid release from adrenal gland.
|
|
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
|
Stimulates estrogen secretion, egg production (females), sperm production (males).
|
|
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
|
Triggers ovulation, progestin production (females), androgen production (males).
|
|
Prolactin (PRL)
|
Stimulates mammary gland development and milk secretion.
|
|
Growth Hormone (hGH)
|
Stimulates cell growth via somatomedins released from liver.
|
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
|
Uncertain significance in healthy adults.
|
|
Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
|
Reduces water loss in the urine, and increases thirst.
|
|
Oxytocin
|
Stimulates uterine contraction, milk delivery; also stimulates prostate gland smooth muscle.
|
|
C Cells
|
Scattered outside of follicle epithelium, secrete calcitonin.
|
|
Adrenal Gland
|
Made of two parts: Adrenal Cortex (outer) and Adrenal Medulla (inner).
|
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
|
Uncertain significance in healthy adults.
|
|
Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
|
Reduces water loss in the urine, and increases thirst.
|
|
Oxytocin
|
Stimulates uterine contraction, milk delivery; also stimulates prostate gland smooth muscle.
|
|
C Cells
|
Scattered outside of follicle epithelium, secrete calcitonin.
|
|
Adrenal Gland
|
Made of two parts: Adrenal Cortex (outer) and Adrenal Medulla (inner).
|
|
Glucocorticoids
|
Stimulated by ACTH and affects glucose metabolism.
|
|
Mineralocorticoids
|
Stimulated by aniotensin II and restricts loss of water, Na+ in urine, sweat, digestive tract, saliva.
|
|
Androgens
|
Male hormones
|
|
Adrenal Medulla
|
Produces two related hormones: Epinephrine(adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
|
|
Pineal Gland
|
Third ventricle in the brain; synthesizes melatonin.
|
|
Insulin
|
produced by beta cells; lowers blood glucose concentration, increases glucose uptake, storage, and use by target cells, also targets liver, muscle, and fat cells.
|
|
Glucagon
|
Produced by alpha cells; raises blood glucose concentration, increases glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis, also targets liver cells.
|
|
Kidneys
|
Secretes 3 hormones:
Calcitrol, Erythropoietin(EPO), and renin. |
|
Heart
|
Specialized muscle cell secrete atrial matriuetic peptide (ANP) to lower blood volume or blood pressure.
|
|
Thymus
|
Secretes thyomosins that control immune system defenses.
|
|
Adipose Tissue (fat cells)
|
Secretes leptin to control appetite, secretes resistin to reduce insulin response.
|
|
Testis (male gonad)
|
Interstitial cells secrete androgens (testosterone); sustentacular cells secrete inhibin.
|
|
Ovary (female gonad)
|
Follicle cells secrete estrogens and inhibin; also corpus luteum cells secrete estrogens and progesterone.
|
|
Placenta
|
Secretes several hormones in pregnancy.
|
|
Hormones and Behavior:
-Sex Hormones -Thyroid Hormones -Antidiuretic Hormones |
-Testosterone fosters aggresiveness; estrogen fosters sexual receptivity
-Excess leads to nervousness, restlessness; deficiency leads to sluggishness -leads to feeling thirst, water intake. |