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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A term often used to designate the individual organs of digestion.
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viscera
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The main part of the digestive system.
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alimentary canal; also called GI (gastrointestinal) tract
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Refers to the developing GI tract of an embryo.
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gut
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The branch of medicine dealing with digestion.
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gastroenterology
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Tube surrounding the GI tract.
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coelomic cavity
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The lining of the coelomic cavity.
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parietal peritoneum
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Elevations of the tongue.
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papillae
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The four layers that surround the lumen (from the inside - out).
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
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The three primary functions of the mucosa.
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distention, absorption, secretion
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The innermost part of the alimentary canal.
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lumen (plural: lumina)
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The process of assimilating nutrients.
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absorption
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Position of the organs not covered by the peritoneum.
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retroperitoneal
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Long, thin sheets of tissue which support the GI tract.
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dorsal mesentery
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Connects the tongue to floor of the mouth.
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lingual frenulum
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The state of being enlarged.
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distention
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What kind of fibers is the submucosa composed of?
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elastic fibers, collagen fibers
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The process of moving food through the GI tract.
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paristalsis
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Approximate length of the GI tract.
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30 feet
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Another name for the mouth.
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oral cavity
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Term meaning "pertaining to the cheek."
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buccal
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Describes the body from the chest to the hips.
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abdomen
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Double folds of peritoneum passing between two organs.
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omentum
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Location of the lesser omentum.
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Extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the underside of the liver.
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Location of the greater omentum.
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Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the tranverse colon.
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Name the accessory organs of the GI tract.
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gallbladder, liver, pancreas
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Bulges in the large intestinal wall.
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sacculations
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A rounded mass of food.
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bolus
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Dome-shaped portion of the stomach.
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fundus
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A small, fleshy mass above the tongue.
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uvula
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Part of the small intestine which receives secretions from the liver and prancreas.
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duodenum
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Where small and large intestines meet.
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ileocecal valve
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Bend in the colon left of the abdomen.
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splenic flexture
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15 cm portion of the large intestine.
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rectum
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Finger-like structure off the cecum.
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appendix
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Cartiladge which hangs over the larynx.
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epiglottis
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The most distended portion of alimentary canal.
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stomach
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Between the pharynx and ths stomach.
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esophagus
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The first part of the large intestine. (Where the small intestine and large intestine meet).
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cecum
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Loss or lack of appetite.
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anorexia
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Audible rumbling sounds of gas moving through the GI tract.
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borborygmos (singular: borborygmus
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Shivering or shaking.
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chills or rigor
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Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
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constipation (called obstipation if prolonged)
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Difficulty swallowing.
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dysphagia
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Elevation in temperature above normal.
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fever
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Excessive gas in the colon.
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gas (expressed by bloating, belching, flatulence)
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Retrosternal sensation of burning.
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heartburn
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Vomiting of blood.
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hematemesis
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Passage of bloody stools.
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hematochezia
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Passage of dark, pitchy stools. Also refers to black vomit.
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melena
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Unpleasant sensation in epigastric and abdominal area which often results in vomiting.
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nausea
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Lacking physical strength.
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weakness
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Pain during swallowing.
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odynophagia
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Paleness or absence of skin color.
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pallor
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Flow in opposite direction as is normal.
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regurgitation
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Straining (ineffective and painful) during bowel movement.
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tenesmus
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Forcible expulsion of stomach contents.
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vomiting (also called emesis
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Losing pounds without trying.
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weight loss
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Normal temperature.
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afebrile
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Ring-like band of muscle fibers which constricts a passage or closes an orifice.
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sphincter
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Elevation of normal body temperature.
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febrile (pyrexia)
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achalasia
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Impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis.
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anorexia nervosa
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Individual refuses to eat enough to maintain minimal body weight.
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appendicitis
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Inflammation of the appendix. More specific term: 'Vermiform' appendix.
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atresia
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Absence or closure of a normal body opening.
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bezoar
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Partially digested agglomerations of hair or vegetables.
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botulism
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Food poisening caused by Clostridium botlinum.
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cheiloschisis
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Cleft lip.
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cholesystitis/cholelithiasis
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Inflamation of the gallbladder and gallstones respectively.
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cirrhosis
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Group of liver diseases.
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colitis
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Inflammation of the colon.
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dehydration
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Results from excessive loss of body water.
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dental caries
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Tooth decay.
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diarrhea
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Frequent, liquid feces.
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diverticulum
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Abnormal pocket or pouch formed from a tubular structure.
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diverticulitis
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Inflammation of the diverticulum.
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diverticulosis
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The presence of diverticula w/the absence of diverticulitis.
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Zenker's diverticulum
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Most common. Occurs just below the pharynx.
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dysentery
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A variety of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon.
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amebic dysentery
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Most common type caused by amebiasis.
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dyspepsia
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General term. Indigestion.
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enteritis
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Inflammation of the intestine. Esp. small intestine.
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enterocolitis
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Inflammation of intestine and colon.
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esohagitis
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Inflammation of the esophagus.
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fecalith
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Intestinal concretion with a fecal center.
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fistula
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Abnormal passage between two organs or from an internal organ to the outside of the body.
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gastritis
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Inflammation of the stomach.
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cholera
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A form of enteritis spread by food and water contaminated with feces.
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gastroenteritis
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Acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and the intestines.
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gasteoresophageal reflux disease
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Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. (GERD)
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halitosis
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Offensive breath.
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hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver.
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hernia
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Protrusion of an organ thru the abdominal wall.
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abdominal hernia
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Protrustion of some internal body structure through the abdominal wall.
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hiatal hernia
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Protrustion of the stomach above the diaphragm. There is also: sliding hiatial hernia & paraesophageal hiatus hernia.
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inguinal hernia
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Hernia into the inguinal canal.
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umbilical hernia
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Protrustion of a part of the intestine through the umbilicus.
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Hirschsprung disease
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Congenital megacolon, or dilatation and hypertrophy of the colon.
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ileus
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Temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis.
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adynamic ileus
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Suspension of peristalsis because of paralysis or atony.
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Chrohn disease
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Unknown cause. Can affect any part of GI. Most common in ileocecal area Leads to obstruction & fistula & abscess formation.
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ulcerative colitis
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Chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory, & ulcerative arising in the colonic mucosa & rectum.
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intussusception
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A segment of bowel advances & protudes into the segment distal to it.
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irritable bowel syndrome
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Intermittent or constant abdominal distrss & bowel dysfunction w/no demonstrable cause.
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jaundice
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Bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae.
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leukoplakia
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White patch on a mucous membrane that will not rub off. Occurs in oral mucosa & is considered precancerous.
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malabsorption
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Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients.
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mumps
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Acute, highly contagous viral disease which causes painful enlargement of the salivery glands.
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obstruction
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State or conditon of being clogged or blocked.
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pancreatitis
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Inflammation of the pancreas.
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parasites
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Plant or animal which lives upon or within another living organism at whose expense it obtains an advantage.
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Giardia
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Intestinal protozoa; adheres to microvilli of intestine. (Giardiasis refers to the infection that occurs)
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peptic ulcer disease
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Inflammation and ulceration of the duodenum and stomach.
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peritonitis
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Inflammation of the peritoneum.
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pharyngitis
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Inflammaion of the pharynx.
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polyp
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Any mass of tissue that arises from the bowel wall and protrudes into the lumen.
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sessile polyp
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Polyp attached by a base.
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pedunculated polyp
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Polyp attached by a stem-like stalk.
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prolapse
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Faling down or sinking of a aprt.
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pruritis ani
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Chronic itching in the anal region.
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Schatzki ring
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Ring-like narrowing of the lower esophagus.
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ulcers
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Defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue.
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