The Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

catalyst

Back 1

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 2

What are the 7 functions in organic chemistry that chemists use?

Back 2

1. Hydroxyl -OH 4. Sulfhydryl -SH 7. Methyl -CH3
2. Carbonyl -C--^=O 5. Amino -N-H^-H
3. Carboxyl -C-H^=O 6. Phosphate PO4

Front 3

How many bonds can carbon form?

Back 3

As many as 4 bonds.

Front 4

simplest organic compound

Back 4

hydrocarbon

Front 5

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

Back 5

Forms polymers by removing water molecules and combining monomers

Front 6

Examples of Macromolecules?

Back 6

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Front 7

enzyme

Back 7

proteins that act as biological catalysts

Front 8

Hydrolysis

Back 8

separates monomers by adding a water

Front 9

suspension

Back 9

mixtures of water and nondissolved materials

Front 10

Carbohydrates

Back 10

1 made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen usually in a 1:2:1 ratio; 2 Main energy source; 3 Monosaccharide(1), Disaccharide(2), Polysaccharide(3+)

Front 11

What is the bond that links the 2 monosaccharides?

Back 11

Glycosidic Linkage

Front 12

What is lactose? What does it mean to be lactose intolerant?

Back 12

Lactose is another type of disaccharide, Lactose intolerant means can't have too much calcium/dairy

Front 13

Sucrose

Back 13

Consists of glucose + fructose

Front 14

microbes

Back 14

they can digest cellulose

Front 15

Chitin

Back 15

Structural polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of arthopods

Front 16

3 descriptions of lipids and 5 functions of lipids?

Back 16

1 Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
2 don't dissolve in water
3 Hydrophobic
/
1 Long term energy storage
2 Insulation
3 Major component of membranes(hospholipids)
4 water proofing of the skin
5 Hormones

Front 17

Phospholipid

Back 17

main structural component of cell membranes(hydrophilic head, 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails)

Front 18

Protein

Back 18

Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; containing amino acids

Front 19

What are the functions of protein?

Back 19

1 structure
2 Energy storage
3 Muscle Movement
4 Transport

Front 20

How are Trans fats made?

Back 20

by adding hydrogen atoms to liquid vegetable oils

Front 21

2 descriptions of steroids?

Back 21

1 Hydrophobic
2 Contain 4 rings

Front 22

Polypeptide and Peptide bonds?

Back 22

Chain of amino acids linked by Peptide bonds(between amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Front 23

What is the Primary Structure?

Back 23

Amino acids in a protein

Front 24

What is the Secondary Structure?

Back 24

3-d of primary structure into coils and pleats held by hydrogen bonds

Front 25

What is the Tertiary Structure?

Back 25

Secondary structures into more complex 3-d arrangement

Front 26

What is the Quaternary Structure?

Back 26

Composed of 2 or more tertiary units

Front 27

What are Nucleic Acids and what are their functions?

Back 27

information storage molecules; provide info for building proteins

Front 28

what elements make up carbohydrates & amp; lipids (symbol) ?

Back 28

(CHO) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen