The Cardiovascular System:blood Vessels & Circulation

Front 1

Types of blood vessels?

Back 1

– Arteries
– Arterioles
– Capillaries
– Venules
– Veins

Front 2

What type of blood vessel carries blood a way from the heart?

Back 2

Arteries

Front 3

Types of arteries?

Back 3

– Elastic
– Muscular

Front 4

What blood vessel is from capillaries?

Back 4

Arterioles

Front 5

What blood vessel connect arterioles to venules?

Back 5

Capillaries

Front 6

What blood vessel forms the veins?

Back 6

Venules

Front 7

What blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

Back 7

Veins

Front 8

Veins have the _____ lumen(_____ pressure)?

Back 8

– Largest
– Lowest

Front 9

Veins contain _____?

Back 9

Valves

Front 10

Weakened wall of artery or vein?

Back 10

Aneurysm

Front 11

With blood vessel functions, _____ & _____ regulate blood flow?

Back 11

– Arteries
– Arterioles

Front 12

With blood vessel functions, increased sympathetic activity contracts smooth muscle causing _____?

Back 12

Vasoconstriction

Front 13

With blood vessel functions, decreased sympathetic activity relaxes smooth muscle causing _____?

Back 13

Vasodilation

Front 14

With blood vessel functions, what permit exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells?

Back 14

Capillaries

Front 15

With blood vessel functions, at rest, these store 64% of total blood volume (blood reservoirs)?

Back 15

– Venules
– Veins

Front 16

Capillaries _____ vessels?

Back 16

Exchange

Front 17

Capillaries automatically adjust blood flow based on _____ demands?

Back 17

Oxygen

Front 18

Capillaries have the _____ blood flow to permit proper gas exchange?

Back 18

Slowest

Front 19

Moves materials in and out of capillaries?

Back 19

Capillary Exchange

Front 20

With the capillary exchange, what pushes fluid out of capillaries(filtration)?

Back 20

Capillary Blood Pressure

Front 21

With capillary exchange, what is it when plasma proteins pulls fluid into capillaries (reabsorption)?

Back 21

Blood Colloid Pressure

Front 22

With capillary exchange, exccess filtered fluid is returned to the _____ system?

Back 22

Lymphatic System

Front 23

With venous return, blood returns to the right atrium by 3 mechanisms?

Back 23

– Heart Contractions
– Skeketal Muscle Pumps
– Respiratory Pump

Front 24

With venous return, which mechanism generates blood pressure?

Back 24

Heart Contractions

Front 25

With heart contractions, _____ pressure in aorta pushes blood to the heart?

Back 25

High

Front 26

With venous return, which mechanism is where skeletal muscle contractions squeeze veins?

Back 26

Skeletal Muscle Pumps

Front 27

With skeletal musle pumps, what prevents backflow?

Back 27

Valves

Front 28

With venous valves, this is where weak valves overstretch walls?

Back 28

Varicose Veins

Front 29

With venous return, what mechanism is where inhalation lowers thoracic pressure, moving blood to the right atrium?

Back 29

Respiratory Pump

Front 30

With blood flow through vessels, blood flows from _____ to _____ pressure areas?

Back 30

– Higher
– Lower

Front 31

With the blood flow through vessels, blood pressure _____ from aorta to right atrium?

Back 31

Drops

Front 32

Blood pressure is highest in the?

Back 32

Aorta

Front 33

With blood pressure, you will see the greatest drop in the _____, where it slows blood flow in capillaries to permit _____?

Back 33

– Arterioles
– Exchange

Front 34

Blood pressure is the lowest in the _____ _____?

Back 34

Right Atrium

Front 35

Factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow?

Back 35

– Blood Volume
– Vascular Resistance

Front 36

With factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow, which factor is water retention and increases blood pressure?

Back 36

Blood Volume

Front 37

With factors that regulate blood pressure and blood flow, which factor is opposition to blood flow?

Back 37

Vascular Resistance

Front 38

Vascular resistance depends on blood vessel _____, blood vessel _____, and blood _____?

Back 38

– Diameter
– Length
– Viscosity

Front 39

With vascular resistance, _____ increases resistance?

Back 39

Vasoconstriction

Front 40

Greater blood vessel length due to weight gain, increases or decreases resistance?

Back 40

Increases

Front 41

Higher viscosity due to blood doping or dehydration increases or decreases resistance?

Back 41

Increases

Front 42

BP is controlled by a _____ feedback system?

Back 42

Negative

Front 43

A decrease in BP, stimulates the _____ nervous system to _____ HR, SV, and BP?

Back 43

– Sympathetic
– Increase

Front 44

With the cardiovascular center, what monitors joint movements?

Back 44

Proprioceptors

Front 45

With the cardiovascular center, what monitors blood pressure?

Back 45

Baroreceptor

Front 46

With the cardiovascular center, what monitors blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity?

Back 46

Chemoreceptors

Front 47

With the cardiovascular center, the parasympathetic _____ HR?

Back 47

Decreases

Front 48

With the cardiovascular center, the sympathetic _____ HR?

Back 48

Increases

Front 49

What hormones help regulation of blood?

Back 49

– Aldosterone
– Epinephrine
– ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
– ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Front 50

With hormone regulation, what retains Na+ and water, and increases BP?

Back 50

Aldosterone

Front 51

With hormone regulation, epinephrine _____ BP?

Back 51

Increases

Front 52

With hormone regulation, what conserves water and increases BP?

Back 52

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Front 53

With hormone regulation, what is produced by atrial cells and stimulates Na+ and water loss in urine and decreases BP?

Back 53

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Front 54

When checking circulation, this is alternate expansion and recoil of artery after left ventricle contracts and relaxes?

Back 54

Pulse

Front 55

The pulse is strongest in arteries nearest the _____?

Back 55

Heart

Front 56

When checking circulation, the pulse in the arm is the?

Back 56

Brachial Artery

Front 57

When checking circulation, the pulse in the neck is the?

Back 57

Carotid Artery

Front 58

When checking circulation, the pulse on the thumb side of the wrist is the?

Back 58

Radial Artery

Front 59

What is it called when you have a rapid resting HR (>100 beats/minute)?

Back 59

Tachycardia

Front 60

What is it called when you have a slow resting HR (<50 beats/minutes)?

Back 60

Bradycardia

Front 61

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is pressure during ventricular _____?

Back 61

Contraction

Front 62

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is pressure during ventricular _____?

Back 62

Relaxation

Front 63

High blood pressure is called?

Back 63

Hypertension

Front 64

What causes heart failure, strokes, and kidney disease?

Back 64

Hypertension

Front 65

Normal BP values: <_____mmHg systolic and <_____mmHg diastolic?

Back 65

120/80

Front 66

Exercise, low salt intake, weight loss, and not smoking will reduce _____?

Back 66

BP (hypertension)

Front 67

Circulatory routes?

Back 67

– Systemic
– Pulmonary

Front 68

What circulatory route is where arteries branch directly or indirectly from aorta and deliver oxygenated blood to tissues?

Back 68

Systemic

Front 69

What circulatory route is where veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Back 69

Systemic

Front 70

The aorta has 4 divisions?

Back 70

– Descending Aorta
– Arc Of Aorta
– Thoracic Aorta
– Abdominal Aorta

Front 71

The arch of the aorta has 3 direct branches?

Back 71

– Brachiocephalic Trunk
– Left Common Carotid Artery
– Left Subclavian Artery

Front 72

With the arch of the aorta, the brachiocephalic trunk branch, has 2 subbranches?

Back 72

– Right Subclavian Artery
– Right Common Carotid Artery

Front 73

With the brachiocephalic trunk branch, what subbranch supplies the upper limbs?

Back 73

Right Subclavian Artery

Front 74

With the arch of the aorta, what are the 2 common carotid artery branches?

Back 74

– External Carotid Artery
– Internal Carotid Artery

Front 75

With the arch of the aorta, which common carotid artery branch supplies the skull?

Back 75

External Carotid Artery

Front 76

With the arch of the aorta, which common carotid artery branch supplies the brain?

Back 76

Internal Carotid Artery

Front 77

The cerebral arterial circle is also known as the?

Back 77

Circle of Willis

Front 78

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) provide _____ blood flow routes to the _____?

Back 78

– Alternate
– Brain

Front 79

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is formed by what 2 arteries?

Back 79

– Internal Carotid Artery
– Basilar Artery

Front 80

The common iliac artery branches are the circulatory route to the _____ and _____?

Back 80

– Pelvis
–Lower Limb

Front 81

What are the 2 common iliac branches?

Back 81

– Internal Iliac Artery
– External Iliac Artery

Front 82

Which common iliac artery branch supplies pelvic structures?

Back 82

Internal Iliac Artery

Front 83

Which common iliac artery branch supplies the lower limbs?

Back 83

External Iliac Artery

Front 84

What is the external iliac artery pathway?

Back 84

Femoral Artery > Popliteal Artery > Tibial Arteries

Front 85

The circulatory routes of veins can be _____ or _____?

Back 85

– Superficial
– Deep

Front 86

Veins _____ structures and empty into the _____ _____?

Back 86

– Drain
– Right Atrium

Front 87

What is the main heart vein?

Back 87

Coronary Sinus

Front 88

With veins, what drains the upper body?

Back 88

Superior Vena Cava

Front 89

What is the largest vein that drains the lower body?

Back 89

Inferior Vena Cava

Front 90

What are the veins of the head and neck?

Back 90

– Internal Jugular Vein
– External Jugular Vein

Front 91

What vein of the head and neck drains the brain?

Back 91

Internal Jugular Vein

Front 92

What vein of the head and neck drains the skull?

Back 92

External Jugular Vein

Front 93

What are the superficial veins of the upper limbs?

Back 93

– Cephalic
– Basilic

Front 94

What superficial vein of the upper limb drains the lateral upper limb?

Back 94

Cephalic

Front 95

What superficial vein of the upper limb drains the medial upper limb?

Back 95

Basilic

Front 96

What are the veins of the pelvis and lower limbs?

Back 96

– Great (long) Saphenous
– Small (lesser) Saphenous

Front 97

What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is the longest?

Back 97

Great Saphenous

Front 98

What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is anterior to medial of the malleolus?

Back 98

Great Saphenous

Front 99

What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is subject to varicosities?

Back 99

Great Saphenous

Front 100

What vein of the pelvis and lower limbs is posterior to lateral of the malleolus?

Back 100

Small Saphenous

Front 101

The hepatic portal vein delivers _____ _____ deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the _____?

Back 101

– Nutrient Rich
– Liver

Front 102

With fetal circulation, the umbilical arteries go to the?

Back 102

Medial Umbilical Ligaments

Front 103

With fetal circulation, the umbilical veins go to the?

Back 103

Ligamentum Teres

Front 104

With fetal circulation, the ductus venous (liver bypass) go to the?

Back 104

Ligamentum Venosum

Front 105

With fetal circulation, the foraman ovalis (lung bypass) go to the?

Back 105

Fossa Ovale

Front 106

With fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus go to the?

Back 106

Ligamentum Arteriosum

Front 107

Low blood pressure is called?

Back 107

Hypotension

Front 108

Excessive lowering of blood pressure upon standing is called?

Back 108

Orthostatic Hypotension

Front 109

Obstruction of a blood vessel is called?

Back 109

Occlusion