Exercise 8: Overview Of The Skeleton

Front 1

2 types of bones that are classified by their texture

Back 1

compact bone and spongy bone

Hint 1

One is smooth and one has lots of open space.

Front 2

What does a compact bone look like?

Back 2

Compact bone looks smooth and homogeneous.

Hint 2

Front 3

What does a spongy bone look like?

Back 3

It has lots of open space; porous; composed of small trabeculae (columns) of bone

Hint 3

Front 4

Bones may also be classified on the basis of their gross anatomy into four groups. What are these groups?

Back 4

Long, short,flat, and irregular

Hint 4

Front 5

_____ bones are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end. Composed mostly of compact bone.

Back 5

Long

Hint 5

Front 6

Examples of long bones

Back 6

femur and phalanges

Hint 6

Front 7

______ bones are typically cube shaped, and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone.

Back 7

Short

Hint 7

Front 8

Examples of short bones

Back 8

tarsals and carpals

Hint 8

Front 9

______ bones are generally thin, with two wafer like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of compact bone between them.

Back 9

Flat

Hint 9

Front 10

Examples of flat bones

Back 10

Bones of the skull, sternum

Hint 10

Front 11

Bones that do not fall into one of the categories (long, short,flat) are classified as________ bones.

Back 11

irregular

Hint 11

not regular

Front 12

Example of irregular bone

Back 12

the vertebrae

Hint 12

Front 13

What are the three categories of bone markings?

Back 13

projections, cavities, and depressions/openings

Front 14

What are the projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment?

Back 14

tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, and process

Front 15

What are the projections that help form joints?

Back 15

head, facet, condyle, and rams

Front 16

Bone cavity

Back 16

sinus

Front 17

What are the depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves?

Back 17

meatus, fossa, groove, fissure, foramen

Front 18

Large rounded projections

Back 18

tuberosity

Front 19

Narrow ridge of bone

Back 19

crest

Hint 19

Front 20

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

Back 20

trochanter

Hint 20

Front 21

Small rounded projection or process

Back 21

tubercle

Front 22

Raised area on or above a condyle

Back 22

epicondyle

Front 23

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Back 23

spine

Front 24

any bony prominence (elevation or projection of a structure)

Back 24

process

Front 25

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Back 25

head

Front 26

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Back 26

facet

Front 27

Rounded articular projection

Back 27

condyle

Front 28

Armlike bar of bone

Back 28

ramus

Front 29

Furrow

Back 29

groove

Front 30

Narrow, slitlike opening

Back 30

fissure

Front 31

Round or oval opening through a bone

Back 31

foramen

Front 32

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Back 32

fossa

Front 33

Canal-like passageway

Back 33

meatus

Front 34

Bone cavity; filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Back 34

sinus

Front 35

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

Back 35

a shaft

Front 36

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

Back 36

Both ends of the long bone

Front 37

What is the articular cartilage of a long bone?

Back 37

It covers the epiphysis in place of the periosteum.

Front 38

What is the epiphyseal line of a long bone?

Back 38

thin, barely discernible remnants

Front 39

What is the yellow marrow?

Back 39

a storage region for adipose

Front 40

What is the endosteum?

Back 40

It lines the shaft.

Front 41

What is the periosteum?

Back 41

a fibrous membrane covering made up of dense irregular connective tissue

Front 42

What are the differences between yellow and red bone marrow?

Back 42

Yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity and is essentially a storage region for adipose. Red marrow is found in the marrow cavities and it is involved in forming blood cells.