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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Audition |
-provides us with info we cannot see -analyze vibrations that reach our ears -recognize sources and location of sound |
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Pitch |
-determined by frequency of vibration -measured in Hz -humans can hear 15- 20,000 Hz |
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Loudness |
amplitude |
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Timbre |
nature of sound |
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Outer ear |
-pinna -auditory canal -tympanic membrane |
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Middle |
-the ossicles bones: malleus, incus, stapes |
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Inner ear |
-oval window -round window -cochlea |
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Stapes |
-vibrate against membrane of the oval window introduces sound waves into cochlea -these vibrations cause basilar membrane to flex back and forth |
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Round window |
allows fluid inside cochlea to move back and forth |
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The cochlea |
-"hearing organ" -snail shaped -divided into 3 sections...scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani -fluid filled |
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Organ of corti |
-scala media -receptive organ of cochlea -consists of basilar membrane, hair cells, and tectorial membrane |
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Hair cells |
-auditory receptor cells -cilia that are arranged in rows according to height |
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Basilar membrane |
-hair cells anchor to basilar membrane -sound waves cause basilar membrane to move relative to tectorial membrane |
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Tectorial membrane |
bends cilia of hair cells in response to basilar membrane movement |
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Auditory transduction |
-sound waves cause basilar membrane and tectorial membrane to move -movement bends the cilia of the hair cells -adjacent cilia are linked to each other by elastic filaments known as tip links at insertional plaques -tip links are normally taught -movement of cilia in one direction or the other causes them to relax or stretch -each insertional plaque contains a single ion channel that opens according to the amount of stretch exerted by the tip link -bending of the cilia produces receptor potentials |
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Auditory nerve |
vestibulocochlear nerve(8th cranial nerve) |
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Pitch perception |
-different parts of basilar membrane responds best to different frequencies of sound -tonotopic representation in cortex |
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Basal end |
high frequencies |
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Apical end |
low frequencies |
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Specific cells respond to |
-location of sound -pitch of sound |
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Coding of auditory info |
-intensity -firing rate -number of active neurons (ex. more intensity..higher rate of firing) |
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Conductive deafness |
problem conducting sound waves |
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Nerve deafness |
-hearing lose due to damage to inner ear, the auditory nerve or the brain |
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Tinnitus |
-ringing or buzzing in the ears -inner ear damage(ex hair cells, auditory nerve or brain) |
