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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
atmosphere
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a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth
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air pressure
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the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface
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altitude
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the height of an object above the Earth's surface
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troposphere
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the lowest layer of the atmosphere
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stratosphere
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the atmospheric layer above the troposphere
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mesophere
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the coldest layer of the atmosphere
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thermosphere
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the uppermost layer of the atmosphere
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ozone
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a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms and that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun
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radiation
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the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light or infrared waves
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conduction
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the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by direct contact; conduction can also occur within a substance
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convection
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the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or a gas
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greenhouse effect
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the natural heating process of a planet, such as the Earth, by which gases in the atmosphere trap thermal energy
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global warming
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a rise in average global temperatures
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wind
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moving air
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Coriolis effect
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the curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the Earth's rotation
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trade winds
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the winds that blow from 30 degrees latitude to the equator
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westerlies
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wind belts found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres between 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude
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polar easterlies
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wind belts that extend from the poles to 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres
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jet streams
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narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere
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doldrums
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the name of the windless zone that lies between the trade winds
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primary pollutants
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pollutants that are put directly into the air by human or natural activity
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secondary pollutants
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pollutants that form from chemical reactions that occur when primary pollutants come in contact with other primary pollutants or with naturally occurring substances, such as water vapor
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acid precipitation
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precipitation that contains acids from air pollution
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What are the two most abundant atmospheric gases?
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Nitrogen and Oxygen
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If you were to travel throughout the atmosphere what changes would you find?
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Changes in air pressure, temperature, and gases
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What layer of the atmosphere has all the "weather"?
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Troposphere
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What layer contains the ozone layer?
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The stratosphere
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Which layer of the atmosphere is the coldest?
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The mesophere
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How does the Earth receive energy from the sun?
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Radiation
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What happens to the energy that reaches the earth's surface?
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The energy is absorbed or reflected.
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Name a source of human-caused pollution.
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factories, cars, and homes
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What health problems can increase with air pollution?
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allergies, lung problems and heart problems
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Give an example of secondary pollutants
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smog and ozone
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What happens to air pressure as you increase altitude?
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Air pressure decreases.
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What is the lowest and densest layer of the atmosphere?
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Troposphere
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