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Nonspecific nuclei
midline nucleus & intralaminar (aka centromedian, CM) nucleus
Midline nucleus input
output
function
Input: hypothalamus, amygdala
out: widespread (nonspecific
esp. limbic, hippocampal, parahippo)
Function: visceral & emotional response
intralaminar (aka centromedian CM) nucleus
In: spinal cord, brainstem, basal ganglia
out: widespread cortex (nonspecific)
Function: stimulate cortex (arousal)
"Wake up = front and CENTER"
Associative nuclei
DM (dorsomedial)
Pulvinar
LP (Lateral Posterior) nucleus
DM (Dorsomedial/Mediodorsal) nucleus
in: Entorhinal cortex (smell)
out: prefrontal cortex
Function: interpret/integrate & respond to odor
Pulvinar
in: retina, pretectum, striate, visual assoc. cortex
out: occipital, temporal, parietal lobes
func: visual integration/interpret & response formation (has other functions too)
LP (lateral posterior) nucleus
in: sup. Colliculus & pretectum
out: Posterior Parietal Assoc. cortex
func: interpret complex visual stim. & response formation
Nuclei associated with sight
LGN, Pulvinar, LP
Limbic Relay nuclei
Anterior & Lateral Dorsal
Anterior nucleus
in: Mamillary nuclei
out: cingulate gyrus (daisy chain of nuclei)
Func: limbic functions (emotion & memory)
LD (Lateral Dorsal) nucleus
in: hippocampal formation
out: cingulate gyrus
function: limbic - including emotion
Motor Relay nuclei
VA & VL (Ventral Anterior & Ventral Lateral)
VA (Ventral Anterior) Nucleus
in: pallidum
out: frontal lobe - premotor & supplementary motor
Func: motor planning of complex behavior
VL (Ventral Lateral) Nucleus
In: basal nuclei & dentate nuc (cerebellum)
out: Primary motor (precentral gyrus), premotor & supp. Motor
func: motor planning & modulate commands to motor neurons
Sensory relay Nuclei
VPM, VPL, LGN, MGN
VPM (Ventral Posterior Medial) Nucleus
in: somatosensory - contralateral head/taste (trigem)
out: primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
function: relay for somatic sensation
VPL (Ventral Posterior Lateral) Nucleus
in: Somatosensory - contralateral turnk/limbs (ML & ALS)
out: postcentral gyrus
func: relay for somatic sensation
LGN (Lateral geniculate nucleus)
in: Optic tract (retinogeniculate body)
out: primary visual (striate) cortex (geniculocalcarine tract)
func: relay in primary vision
MGN (Medial geniculate Nucleus)
In: brachium of inf. Colliculus (auditory)
out: primary auditory cortex
transverse temporal (Heschl's) Gyrus
Func: relay in primary audition
Gatekeeper nuclei
reticular nucleus
Reticular nucleus
in: Thalamocortical & corticothalamic collaterals
Out: thalamic nuclei
func: modulate communication btwn thalamus & cortex