Textiles-Construction

Front 1

State the construction creed.

Back 1

Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other.

Front 2

What are the lengthwise yarns called?

Back 2

Warp yarns

Front 3

What are the width-wise yarns called?

Back 3

Filling yarns or picks

Front 4

What are the lengthwise edges of the fabric called?

Back 4

Selvages

Front 5

No yarns, can also be referred to as a type of cloth.

Back 5

No Element Fabrics.

Front 6

No yarns present but they do have fibers. They are fabric sheet structures made from fibrous webs bounded by mechanical entanglement of the fibers or by the use of resins.

Back 6

Non Wovens

Front 7

Not fibrous, rather an extruded polymer solution. They are waterproof and do not breathe.

Back 7

Films

Front 8

One basic element/yarn. Two yarns may be twisted together to form this.

Back 8

Single Element Fabrics

Front 9

Majority of fabrics are how many elements?

Back 9

2 element.

Front 10

2 yarns are put together in a weaving process in which 1 yarn is the warp and the other is the weft.

Back 10

Two Element Fabrics

Front 11

A type of 2 element weave where there are a different number of warp to weft yarns.

Back 11

Unbalanced. (i.e. 2x1)

Front 12

Weaves that are created through special loom attachments to create a pattern or design.

Back 12

Fancy Weaves

Front 13

Small figured designs which require fewer than 25 different yarn arrangements to complete 1 pattern repeat

Back 13

Dobby Weave

Front 14

Designs which required 25 different arrangements of the warp yarns to complete 1 pattern repeat. Many 3 element fabrics are woven on this type of loom.

Back 14

Jacquard

Front 15

A type of weave where an extra warp or filler yarn is added. The background fabric can stand on its own even if the extra warp or filler is removed.

Back 15

Three Element Weave

Front 16

A type of 3 element weave usually of a floral design with the addition of an extra filler or warp. The floral design is usually an overall pattern. Created on a jacquard loom.

Back 16

Brocade

Front 17

A type of weave where the warp and weft form the ground cloth. Either an extra warp or filler form a pile which may be cut or uncut. May be either a weft/filling pile or warp pile.

Back 17

Pile Weave

Front 18

A type of weave that has 2 sets of warps and 2 sets of wefts/filler. Feels very thick.

Back 18

Four element weaves.

Front 19

The most common type of 4 element- 2 pieces of cloth that are held together by the warp and weft from one textile changing place with the warp and weft in the other textile.

Back 19

Double Cloth

Front 20

A plain weave with 2 warp yarns wrapped around a filler.

Back 20

Leno Weave

Front 21

Also called a waffle weave, a fabric with ridges called wales or cords that are held up by floats on the back. Characterized by its honeycomb or waffle appearance.

Back 21

Pique weave

Front 22

A diagonal look to the weave is the main characteristic. It can be right handed or left handed. The most durable is 2/1. This indicates 2 harnesses are raised while the third is lowered to create the weave design.

Back 22

Twill

Front 23

Twill direction is emphasized from lower left to upper right

Back 23

Right handed twill

Front 24

Twill direction is emphasied from upper left to lower right

Back 24

Left handed twill

Front 25

A type of reverse twill where the twill line reverses at regular intervals, different colors may be used to accentuate the pattern.

Back 25

Herringbone

Front 26

A type of reverse twill where the twill variation creates a broken check pattern.

Back 26

Houndstooth

Front 27

A type of reverse twill where the twill creates a small diamond pattern; also a pique and dobby weave.

Back 27

Bird's eye

Front 28

A type of reverse twill where the twill creates a large diamond pattern

Back 28

Gooseeye

Front 29

A type of reverse twill where the twill is warp faced and made of yarn died cotton.

Back 29

Denim

Front 30

A type of weave formed when the balance is something other than 1:1 or when the size of one set of yarns is significantly greater than the size of the other set resulting in a raised appearance.

Back 30

Ribbed Weave

Front 31

Alternating large and small ribs that are adjacent to each other, created by using a filling/weft yarns of a different size or number.

Back 31

Ottoman

Front 32

A type of rib weave where the faille fabric has a water-marked appearance.

Back 32

Moire

Front 33

This is located on the back of the loom. It is a large roller on which all the warp yarns to be used for the cloth are wound parallel to each other.

Back 33

Warp Beam

Front 34

The warp yarns pass through this, which looks like picture frames holding many thin vertical wires called heddles, each with a hole (eye) in the middle.

Back 34

Harnesses

Front 35

The purpose of the harnesses is to raise and lower the warp yarns. The number of harnesses vary from 2 to 30, depending upon the complexity of the weave. The warp yarns are seperated in to an upper group and a lower group, thus creating an opening or....?

Back 35

shed

Front 36

The shed is made so that the filling yarn can be passed across the loom. Usually a (blank) is used, which is a boat-like device that carries the filling yarn on a stick called a quill or bobbin.

Back 36

shuttle

Front 37

The shuttle on the loom stays in a box located at the end of the shed. When a (blank) becomes empty, it is automatically replaced by a full one.

Back 37

bobbin

Front 38

The warp yarns, after passing through the harnesses, pass through the reed. The reed resembles a comb and pushes the loose pick in the shed up to the edge of the already made cloth and returns to a position near the harnesses. This is called...?

Back 38

Beating Up

Front 39

The cloth on the loom is slowly wound onto the (blank), located in the front of the loom.

Back 39

Cloth Roll

Front 40

Before the shuttle returns across the loom, some of the harnesses change position, either being raised or lowered. The sequence in which the harnesses are raised and lowered determines the (blank) that is made in the fabric.

Back 40

Weave (Pattern)

Front 41

The harness movement also prevents the last filling yarn from being pulled out when the shuttle next goes across the loom, since the filling yarn wraps around the last warp yarn on the fabric edge. This creates a...

Back 41

selvage

Front 42

Name the 6 chief motions of the loom?

Back 42

Shedding motion, picking motion, beating-up, take-up motion, let-off motion, filling pattern motion

Front 43

One of the 6 chief motions of the loom, a negative/frictional movement where the thread is allowed to leave the warp beam according to the beating up of the cloth by the lay of the loom.

Back 43

Let-off motion (Warp Beam)

Front 44

One of the 6 chief motions of the loom, a positive motion where the sand roller moves a fractional part of an inch in relation to the (blank) wheel. The motion is semi-positive when the sand roller is not precisely controlled.

Back 44

Take-up motion (Cloth Roll)

Front 45

One of the 6 chief motions, this movement is not found on single shutter looms, but used on machines where more than 1 color is desired.

Back 45

Filling Pattern Motion (Pattern or Weave)

Front 46

One of the 6 chief motions, the seperating of the warp ends in to an upper and lower layer of threads to permit the shuttle to pass through the space that has then been formed. The warp ends are drawn through heddle eyes in the correct manner and in the turning-over of the crankshaft of the loom, a shed is formed with each turn.

Back 46

Shedding Motion

Front 47

One of the 6 chief motions of the loom where the actual beating in to place of the loose pick that was placed in the shed of the warp by the picking motion.

Back 47

Beating Up Motion

Front 48

One of the 6 chief motions of the loom; the actual passing of the shuttle through the shed of the loom. The shuttle passes over the lowered ends of the shed and under its raised ends. The shed allows the shuttle to pass through it and thereby make it possible for the shuttle to deposit the pick or filling yarn.

Back 48

Picking motion

Front 49

The simplest and most used weave. It is found in a wide range of fabrics, from the sheerest to the heaviest. Fabrics with this type of weave are reversible unless 1 side is made the face by a finishing or printing process.

Back 49

Plain Weave ( think simple checkerboard)

Front 50

A type of plain weave variation; this weave is made by having 2 groups of 2 or more warp yarns interlacing as one yarn with groups of two or more filling yarns that also interlace as one yarn.

Back 50

Basket Weave (Think large checkerboard)

Front 51

This weave produces diagonal lines on the cloth.

Back 51

Twill Weave

Front 52

Although twill lines often run in one direction, sometimes a fabric combines right handed twill and left handed twills. This is called what?

Back 52

Broken twill weave (Chevron, Herringbone, etc)

Front 53

Type of weave where 1 interlacing for each warp yarn, and only 1 interlacing for each filling yarn in each repeat of the weave.

Back 53

Satin Weaves

Front 54

A durable cotton fabric usually with a filling-face satin weave. Not as lustrous as satin fabric because spun yarns are used to it. Also heavier than satin.

Back 54

Sateen fabric

Front 55

Warp yarns twist back and forth in pairs around each pick, firmly holding the filling yarn in the figure 8 loops formed.

Back 55

Leno Weave

Front 56

Equal number of weft and warp yarns.

Back 56

Balanced Plain Weave

Front 57

Name the 3 main types of weave.

Back 57

Twill, Plain, Satin

Front 58

When one set of yarns floats over the other set at regular intervals. Most common is 4 over under 1.

Back 58

Satin weaves

Front 59

Type of satin weave made of bright filament yarns with very low twist, one of the most lustrous fabrics. Often has the floats in the warp direction.

Back 59

Satin

Front 60

Type of satin weave where there is a combo of warp and filling sateens together, these alternate directions to create the pattern. Have a two tone effect that reverses on the back side. The variation is in the reverse of the satin floats, not the yarn colors.

Back 60

Damask

Front 61

Type of satin weave where the lustrous fabric made of spun yarns with a medium twist. Often has floats in the filling/weft direction.

Back 61

Sateen

Front 62

Lengthwise edge of fabric?

Back 62

Selvedge

Front 63

Warp yarns run parallel or perpendicular to selvedge yarns
?

Back 63

Parallel

Front 64

This weave is a material with a raised hair-like or fur-like surface. Two well-known fabrics with such a surface are velvet and terrycloth.

Back 64

Woven pile fabrics

Front 65

A (blank) is a fibrous surface produced by brushing up fibers on the cloth during a textile finishing process. Extra yarns are not used to produce the surface effect.

Back 65

Nap

Front 66

A (blank) is actually 2 fabrics held together by a seperate set of yarns. Each fabric is made using 1 set of warp yarns and 1 set of filling yarns (a total of 2 warp and 2 filling sets) with a 3rd set of warp yarns moving back and forth between the 2 layers of fabrics that hold them together.

Back 66

Double Cloth