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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rayon Cross-section... Material... Production method... |
Cross-section: crenulated (star) Material: regenerated cellulose Wet spun |
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Lyocell Cross-section... Material... Production method... |
Cross-section: round Material: regenerated cellulose Wet spun |
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Acetate Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Cross-section: irregular Material: regenerated cellulose Dry spun Notable chemical component: acetyl groups |
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Triacetate Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Cross-section: irregular Material: regenerated cellulose Dry spun Notable chemical component: acetyl groups |
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Wet Spinning |
Raw material dissolved by chemicals Fiber is spun in a chemical bath Fiber solidified when coagulated by bath |
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Dry Spinning |
Resin solids are dissolved by solvent Fiber is spun in warm air Fiber solidifies by evaporation of the solvent |
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Melt Spinning |
Resin solids are melted in autoclave Fiber is spun into the air Fiber solidifies on cooling The preferred process: cleaner |
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Dope |
thick solutions of raw material, also called spinning solution |
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Microfiber |
Fibers with deniers of less than 1.0 |
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Mixed-denier filament bundling |
Combines fibers of several denier sizes in one yarn Microfibers add softness while macrofibers add drape, durability |
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Trilobal Shape |
Three-sided fiber cross-section designed to imitate silk |
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Thick-thin fibers |
Have uneven diameter |
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How to modify for higher tenacity |
Draw or stretch (increase crystallinity) Chemical modification (increase DoP) |
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How to modify for low-pilling |
Decrease molecular weight |
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Biconstituent/Bicomponent Fibers |
Two different generic types contained in one fiber (e.g. nylon polyester) |
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Side-by-side Bicomponent fiber |
Each type takes up half of the cross-section Will create a spiral crimp when exposed to heat or moisture |
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Cover/core Bicomponent fiber |
One polymer forms the core, the other wraps around the outside Used for dye effects and to modify hand |
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Matrix-Fibril Bicomponent Fiber |
One polymer forms a continuous phase with the other within it in theform of very small fibers called fibrils. Used for specialty fabricproduction. A way to produce microfibers. |
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How to de-luster a fiber |
Add titanium dioxide to the spinning solution |
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How to make a fiber anti-static |
Add a chemical conductor into the fiber to increase regain |
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How are manufactured cross-section controlled? What does the cross-section shape contribute? |
Shape of spinneret hole Wickability, luster, hiding soil |
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How to distinguish one man made fiber from another? |
Solubility/chemical tests
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Rayon Properties Physical Mechanical Chemical |
PHYSICAL White, striations along surface MECHANICAL Weak when wet, poor resistance to abrasion, poor elongation, wrinkles CHEMICAL Amorphous High regain Damaged by acids and bases Not more than 15% of hydroxyl groups are replaced by substitutes Summary: It wrinkles easily and it's not strong but it's absorbent and dyes very well |
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Lyocell Properties Physical Mechanical Chemical |
PHYSICAL smooth longitudinal structure MECHANICAL Strong, Weaker when wet, poor resistance to abrasion, adequate elongation CHEMICAL High regain Summary: A lot like rayon but with better strength |
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HWM Rayon |
High-Wet-Modulus Rayon Less wrinkling, better in the washing machine |
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Acetate Properties Physical Mechanical Chemical Care |
PHYSICAL longitudinal striations MECHANICAL very weak, highly amorphous, poor elastic recovery, heat resistant CHEMICAL 92% of hydroxyl groups replaced with acetic acid, moderate regain Damaged by sunlight CARE dry clean Summary: Very weak and damaged by sunlight, but easy to take care of and somewhat heat resistant |
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Triacetate |
Acetate that is heat-set for higher crystallinity (65%) Better resilience, lower regain |
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Condensation |
as large molecules are made, small molecules are removed by chemical reactions |
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Addition |
Double bonds between 2 Carbon atoms are broken, reforms a single bond connecting two monomers |
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Nylon Properties |
PHYSICAL lustrous, lightweight, customizable MECHANICAL High elongation, excellent elastic recovery/resilience, high abrasion resistance, oleophilic CHEMICAL Low regain, builds up static charge, difficult to dye, damaged by sunlight Summary: Lightweight and has good strength and resilience, but hard to dye and damaged by sunlight |
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Nylon Uses |
Apparel, carpet, industrial, tire cord Dominates the hosiery/lingerie and carpet markets |
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Aramids Properties/Uses |
High strength, high thermal stability, high modulus, lightweight Used in bulletproof vests, boat hulls |
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Polyester Properties
Mechanical Chemical |
PHYSICAL customizable, medium weight MECHANICAL high modulus, high elastic recovery/resilience, wrinkle resistant CHEMICAL Low regain, hard to dye, oleophilic, not damaged by sunlight/weathering Summary: Good strength and wrinkle-resistant, but hard to dye and damaged by sunlight |
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Polyester uses |
Apparel, industrial, tire cord, carpet |
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Olefin Properties Physical Mechanical Chemical |
PHYSICAL floats in water MECHANICAL high tenacity, high abrasion resistance, high elastic recover, good modulus CHEMICAL highly crystalline, ZERO regain, damaged by sunlight, NO dry clean, oleophilic Summary: durable and lightweight, but watch out for oil and sunlight |
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Olefin uses |
Activewear, carpet, marine tow ropes, roadbed stabilizing |
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Acrylic Properties Physical Mechanical |
PHYSICAL
customizable, lightweight MECHANICAL weak-medium tenacity, weak-medium modulus, high elastic recovery, great resilience CHEMICAL Low regain but irregular surface wicks moisture away, builds up static charge Summary: Weak with low regain but good substitute for wool and has good elastic recovery |
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Acrylic Uses |
Apparel, typically sweaters and socks, good wool substitute |
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Modacrylic |
Contains less acrylonitrile (AN) than acrylic Flame resistant Used for wigs so they can be curled with a curling iron |
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Modulus |
Resistance to extension |
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Nylon Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Various Petroleum Melt spun Amide groups |
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Polyester Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Various Petroleum Melt spun Ethylene groups |
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Acrylic Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Various Petroleum Wet or Dry spun Acrylonitrile (AN) |
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Modacrylic Cross-section... Material... Production method... Chemical component... |
Various Petroleum Wet or Dry spun Acrylonitrile (AN) |
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Olefin Cross-section... Material... Production method... |
Various Petroleum Melt spun |
