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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The major systems involved in feedback are the
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nervous and endocrine systems
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occurs when the body reverses an original stimulus to regain physiologic balance (homeostasis).
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Negative feedback
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In ________________ the body enhances or intensifies the original stimulus.
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positive feedback
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The ______________uses the release and action of hormones to maintain homeostasis.
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endocrine system
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the _____________________regulates homeostasis by sensing system deviations and sending nerve impulses to appropriate organs to restore balance
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nervous system
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appears mostly as interstitial (tissue) fluid and intravascular (within the blood vessels) fluid
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ECF extracellular fluid
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is found between the cells
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Interstitial fluid
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is the watery fluid of the blood known as plasma.
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Intravascular fluid
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is the fluid inside the cells and constitutes about two thirds of the total body fluid in an adult.
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Intracellular Fluid
ICF |
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is the fluid outside the cells and constitutes about one third of the total body fluid in an adult.
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ECF
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_______________functions as a stabilizing agent for the parts of the cell. also assists with the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane and in and out of the cell.
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ICF intracellular fluid
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appears mostly as interstitial (tissue) fluid and intravascular (within the blood vessels) fluid
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ECF extracellular fluid
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joint cavity
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synovial fluid
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brain and spinal cord
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CFS cerebral spinal fluid
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EFC found in eyes
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aqueous fluid
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also contain specialized EFC
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GI tract, liver, billary tract and lymphatic vessels
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if EFC is too low....
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low blood pressure,
lack of O2/nutrientss to cell, cells cease to function, hypo/volemic shock |
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a set of signs and symptoms that indicate that your vital orans (heart and lungs) are not getting enough oxygen
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shock
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signs and symptoms of shock
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thrist
decreased BP increased HR Resp, clammy skin, pale |
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_____ the most important fluid in maintaining fluid balance, the body monitors _______ closely and regulates by sending messages
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EFC
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stimulates thirst center in the hypothalamus
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brain
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releaases ADH(anti-diurectic hormone)
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pituitary gland
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when ADH is released ...........
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urine production decreases and water reabsorption is increased. Puts more volume in our bloodstream
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The thirst center in the _______________stimulates or depresses the desire for a person to drink.
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hypothalamus
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___________causes secretion of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II (by an enzyme) in the lungs.
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renin
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Angiotensin II causes constriction of the blood vessels to increase blood pressure, and the secretion of___________ .
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aldosterone
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____________controls the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys in an attempt to increase blood volume. Water “follows” sodium
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Aldosterone
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soduim reabsorption increases blood volume because water follows salt. known as ______
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RAA rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone
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(an accumulation of fluid between the pleura of the lungs)
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pleural effusion
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(an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac around the heart).
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pericardial effusion
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Dehydration can be associated with an increase in _______________such as potassium.
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sodium or a disturbance of certain other electrolytes,
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Tto try to correct the dehydration, water moves from the
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intracellular fluid compartments into the intravascular fluids
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Dehydration can also cause severe damage to organs such as the______________ caused by reduced circulating blood volume
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kidneys and liver, due to low blood pressure
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The nursing diagnosis referring to dehydration is
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fluid volume deficit
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_________________is an element or a compound that will dissociate into ions (see discussion below) when dissolved in water.
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An electrolyte
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Body water contains two main types of solutes:
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nonelectrolytes and electrolytes.
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include proteins, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and organic acids.
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Nonelectrolytes
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are solutes that generate an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
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Electrolytes
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Solutions exerting equal pressures on opposite sides of the membrane are said to be
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isotonic
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Stronger solutions, compared to those on the opposing side of a membrane, are said to be
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hypertonic.
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Immersion in a hypertonic solution will result in
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shrinkage of blood cells because osmosis will draw fluid out of the cells
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Immersion in a hypotonic solution will result in
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swelling of blood cells
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is an element or a compound that will dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
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An electrolyte
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are found in the form of inorganic salts, acids, and bases and are found in all body fluids.
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Electrolytes
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An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons is called ________ and has acquired an electrical charge and are in search of a bonding partner
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an ion
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Some ions have the ability to bond with only one other ion; others can bond with two or more. This ability is expressed in terms of a positive (+) or negative (-) value and is called the .
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valence
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A positively charged ion is known as a
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cation
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A negatively charged ion is known as
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an anion
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A negatively charged ion is known as
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an anion
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