Texes 232 Domain I: World History

Front 1

Neolithic Revolution

Back 1

Farming. Good water and soil sources.

Front 2

River Valley

Back 2

Indus River Valley. Civilizations that developed in what is now modern day India and Pakistan. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are significant cities because they had a form of indoor plumbing, brick buildings and advanced irrigation.

Front 3

Diffusion

Back 3

Trade. One idea from one group is adopted by another group. Such as; religion, languages, writing systems and alphabets, weapons and tools, legal codes and customs.

Front 4

Polytheism

Back 4

Belief in many gods.

Front 5

Monotheism

Back 5

Belief in one god.

Front 6

Sub-Saharan Africa

Back 6

Did not have a written language. The Bantus spread their language through migration. The migration of Bantus led to the spread of settled agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Front 7

Vedas

Back 7

Aryans' collection of writings which clearly defined specific classes or castes. The castes were based on skin color, therefore you were born into your caste. Lowest group was called the untouchables. Had to be reincarnated to move to another caste. These beliefs formed part of the polytheistic religion of Hinduism.

Front 8

Egyptians

Back 8

settled along the Nile River in 3100bc. Depended on the river for everything. Famous Giza pyramids. Excellent geometry and engineering skills. Form of writing was hieroglyphics. Alexander the Great conquered Egypt.

Front 9

China

Back 9

Huang He River. Mandate of Heaven government which meant the ruler had the blessing of Heaven. Dynastic Cycle meant emperor would gain power and then later be overthrown. Confucianism stressed proper behavior and respect. Taoism/Daoism finding peace. Legalism is government control and harsh punishment.

Front 10

Han Empire

Back 10

Trade along the Silk Roads gave the Han Empire wealth. These roads connected China and Asia to the Middle East.

Front 11

Mediterranean World

Back 11

Greece: sculptures of males, study of science, geometry and medicine, and democracy which were landowners that could prove their family heritage to Athens.
Rome: Had a Senate and all citizens voted. Julius Ceaser.

Front 12

Fuedalism

Back 12

Dominant political system of the European middle ages. King>Lords>knights> feudalism was governed by the code of chivalry

Front 13

Manorialism

Back 13

Economic system of the European middle ages. The manor was the land granted by the king to the lords and knights in exchange for military service. Serfs and pheasants provided physical labor.

Front 14

Norman Conquest of 1066

Back 14

William of Normandy invaded the isle of Britain. Defeated the king and took England as his own, and brought feudalism to England. He created a census, the Doomsday Book on who to tax.

Front 15

Crusades

Back 15

In 1095, Pope Urban II asked the kings of Europe to send knights to liberate the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslin Turks. The Crusades led to an increased trade between western Europe, Byzantium and the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, thereby promoting European economic expansion

Front 16

Guilds

Back 16

Limit workers so wages remain high. Artisan groups.

Front 17

Roman Catholic Church

Back 17

Roman empire religion. Led by Pope.

Front 18

Eastern Orthodox Church

Back 18

In 1054, the eastern part of the church which was centered in Constantinople broke away from the authority of Rome. The Eastern Orthodox Church became the major religious factor in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Although it was not as powerful as the Roman Catholic Church, it did exert great political power.

Front 19

Five Pillars of Islam

Back 19

Kuran, Quran. Muslims. Mohammad.

Five Pillars of Faith:
1. the declaration of faith
2. prayer five times a day facing mecca
3. fasting during the month of Ramadan (daylight)
4. alms giving (charity)
5. pilgrimage to Mecca once in your lifetime if healthy and can afford it.

Front 20

Silk Roads

Back 20

Trade along the Silk Roads gave the Han Empire wealth. These roads connected China and Asia to the Middle East.

Front 21

Charlemagne

Back 21

The emperor of the Romans. Long tradition of the Holy Roman Empire that had little to do with Greece.

Front 22

Aztecs

Back 22

Created an empire through conquering their neighbors. Had a written language and books.

Front 23

Incas

Back 23

No written language, tied knots to count. Incan Empire connected by roads.

Front 24

Black Death

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40% of the population of Europe died from the plague.

Front 25

Gutenberg's Printing Press

Back 25

Invented in 1450. Books and ideas were spread quickly. Erasmus, Thomas Moore and Shakespeare were major writers.

Front 26

Renaissance

Back 26

Art, dancing, music, and science.

Front 27

Humanism

Back 27

Italian renaissance stressed human achievements.

Front 28

Atlantic Slave Trade

Back 28

Native Americans were dying out due to European diseases so they began to import slaves from Africa. About 12 million African slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas in a cruel and often deadly journey called the Middle Passage. Slavery was part of the triangular trade.

Front 29

Protestant Reformation and Martin Luther

Back 29

Officially began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on a church door. This document was a list of issues that Luther thought the catholic church should address. The selling of indulgences was the forgiveness of sins without formal confession. The protest against Catholicism began Protestantism. Luther rejected monasticism (monks and nuns) and recognized only two sacraments - baptism and communion.

Front 30

Mercantilism

Back 30

Economic policy dictated that colonies were set up to benefit the mother country.

Front 31

Absolutism

Back 31

The political philosophy that absolute rulers had absolute control over all aspects of government. Dominated in Europe at this time.

Front 32

Enlightenment

Back 32

Political and social theories that developed primarily in France in the 18th century. John Locke "life, liberty, and property". Right to freedom of speech. Applying reason and the scientific method to the study of all aspects of social and political life.

Front 33

1776

Back 33

The American Revolution. The 13 American colonies declared their independence from Britain.

Front 34

1789

Back 34

The French Revolution. Cause of revolution was severe economic crisis.

Front 35

Leonardo Da Vinci

Back 35

The "ideal" renaissance man. Skills in art, dancing, music and science.

Front 36

The Fall of Constantinople

Back 36

the capture of Constantinople, which occurred after a siege by the invading Ottoman Empire. Marked the end of the Roman Empire.

Front 37

Columbian Exchange

Back 37

The massive transfer of animals, plants and diseases between the Americas to Europe.

Front 38

Conquest of the Aztec and Incas

Back 38

The Spanish conquered the Aztecs and Incas so quickly because of European diseases and gunpowder.

Front 39

Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

Back 39

The Ottoman Empire took control of most of the major trade routes connecting Europe to India and China. Ottomans as leaders of the Middle Eastern World. Ottoman Empire lasted until its defeat in WW1. The Ottoman Empire granted religious freedom to Jews and Christians. Ottomans were able to maintain internal peace for most of its 600 years history.

Front 40

Simon Bolivar

Back 40

Led a revolution. Achieved independence for most of the Spanish colonies of south America. Slavery was still common though.

Front 41

Charles Darwin

Back 41

Origin of Species. Animals that could adapt to climate survived while others died off.

Front 42

Karl Marx

Back 42

Proposed communism. Predicted a revolt where the masses would seize the factors of production from the owners.

Front 43

Industrial Revolution

Back 43

Urbanization, transportation, emergence of a middle class, child labor, clash of economic theories, increased imperialism, cheaper goods.

Front 44

British Empire

Back 44

By far the largest imperial power with colonies and possessions on every populated continent. "The sun never sets on the British Empire. India was one of its significant colonies.

Front 45

Fascism

Back 45

ITALY
: a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government
: very harsh control or authority

Front 46

Nazism

Back 46

GERMANY
The ideology and practice of the Nazis, especially the policy of racist nationalism, national expansion, and state control of the economy.

Front 47

Communism

Back 47

a way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products

Front 48

Cold War

Back 48

U.S. versus soviet union after defeating Hitler.

Front 49

Nelson Mandela

Back 49

President of South Africa elected in 1994. Went to prison for 30 years for trying to put an end to apartheid, released in 1990.

Front 50

Mao Zedong

Back 50

Created a ommunist state. Started the cultural revolution which was anti western and anti intellectual

Front 51

1914-1918

Back 51

WWI

Front 52

1939-1945

Back 52

WWII allies and axis

Front 53

Russian Revolution

Back 53

A revolution in Russia led to its withdraw from WW1. Communism and Joseph Stalin came to charge..

Front 54

The Great Depression

Back 54

an international event that affected all parts of the globe. Economic conditions allowed totalitarian leaders to emerge, such as Adolph Hitler in Germany.

Front 55

Mother Teresa

Back 55

She dedicated her life to helping the poor of India.

Front 56

Mohandas Gandhi

Back 56

Led India to independence in 1947

Front 57

In which of the following ways did the migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples into many regions of sub-Saharan Africa in the period 1000 B.C. to 500 A.D. most fundamentally affect the continent?

Back 57

The migrations led to the spread of settled agriculture.

Front 58

If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. If the robber is not caught, then shall he who was robbed claim under oath the amount of his loss; then shall the community . . . on whose ground and territory and in whose domain [the robbery took place] compensate him for the goods stolen.

Back 58

Babylonian law applied both the concept of individual responsibility and the concept of collective responsibility in assigning penalties for crimes.

Front 59

Most early civilizations of Afro-Eurasia arose in physical environments that featured:

Back 59

proximity to a reliable freshwater source that could be used for crop irrigation.

Front 60

Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades on western Europe?

Back 60

The Crusades led to an increased trade between western Europe, Byzantium and the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, thereby promoting European economic expansion

Front 61

Which of the following statements best describes a major impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe?

Back 61

New food crops from the Western Hemisphere promoted better health and longer life spans in Europe

Front 62

Which of the following was the most significant effect on Europe of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (1453) and the eastern Mediterranean (1516–1517)?

Back 62

The Ottoman Empire took control of most of the major trade routes connecting Europe to India and China

Front 63

In contrast to the First Industrial Revolution, the Second Industrial Revolution was characterized mostly by:

Back 63

innovations in mass production and electrification.

Front 64

The Chinese government responded to the 1989 protests in Tiananmen Square by:

Back 64

forcibly dispersing the demonstrations with tanks and troops.

Front 65

Which of the following best describes an important contribution of the ancient romans to western civilization?

Back 65

Their legal system had a major influence on the development of modern jurisprudence

Front 66

In ancient China, the concept of the Mandate of Heaven served which of the following purposes?

Back 66

legitimizing the transfer of power from one dynasty to another

Front 67

Which of the following best describes a major characteristic of classical Mayan civilization (AD250 to AD900)?

Back 67

Religious principles permeated all aspects of Mayan life.

Front 68

Which of the following features of Byzantine civilization between the sixth and tenth centuries most distinguished it from western societies of the period?

Back 68

the wealth and vitality of Byzantine cities

Front 69

In which of the following ways did the Crusades most influence the development of western European society?

Back 69

They motivated Europeans to establish permanent commercial contact with eastern lands.

Front 70

Enlightenment thinkers most influenced subsequent developments in European history by:

Back 70

applying reason and the scientific method to the study of all aspects of social and political life.

Front 71

The cultural exchanges that took place between Europeans and the indigenous peoples of sixteenth and seventeenth centuries most influenced which of the following?

Back 71

global distribution of plant and animal life

Front 72

Which of the following was a major cause of the Latin American independence movements of the early nineteenth century?

Back 72

Spanish restrictions on colonial economic and political activity

Front 73

Territorial changes resulting from WWI played a major role in which of the following European conflicts in the later twentieth century?

Back 73

The wars among Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia (1991-1995)

Front 74

Nelson Mandela most directly influenced which of the following phases of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa?

Back 74

the effort to turn the African National Congress into an effective political force during the 1950s.