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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the anatomical perineum?
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defined as the entire outlet of the pelvis; rhomobid shaped region inferior the pelvic diaphragm
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what is the clinical perineum?
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unlike anatomical perineum, the term is more restricted to the region between the scrotum and anus in the male or the vulva and the anus in the female .
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anterior triangle of anatomical perineum also known as
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urogenital triangle
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posterior triangle of anatomical perineum also known as
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anal triangle
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are the anterior and posterior triangles in the same plane?
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No
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urogenital triangle and anal triangle orientation?
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urogenital- horizontally
anal- more posteriorly |
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in the region of the urogenital triangle region, pelvic diaphragm has what type of opening and what is it called?
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a u-shaped opening, called the urogenital hiatus
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urogenital hiatus allows passage of what in male vs female?
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male-urethra
female-urethra and vagina |
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perineal membrane spans the
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urogenital triangle
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perineal membrane is
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Thick, fascial membrane attached to the bones of the pubic arch.
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in anatomical position, perineal membrane is oriented how?
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in a horizontal plane
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does the perineal membrane have a free, posterior margin?
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yes
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inferior/superificial to the perineal membrane is the
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superifical perineal pouch/space
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inferiormost boundary of the superficial perineal pouch/space is
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Colles' fascia
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superficial perineal membrane lies b/w
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perineal membrane and the membranous layer of superficial fascia
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membranous layer of superficial fascia is called
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Colle's fascia
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Colle's fascia continuous w/
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Scarpa's fascia of the abdominal wall
Dartos fascia of scrotum and penis |
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Colle's fascia laterally is tightly adherent to
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pubic and sichial rami
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Colle's fascia posteriorly is tightly adherent to
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edge of the perineal membrane
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contents of superficial perineal space
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erectile tissues
muscle superficial transverse perineal muscle Gallaudet's fascia branches of internal pudendal vessels pudendal nerve |
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specific contents of MALE superifical perineal space
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crura of the corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum bulb of the penis |
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specific contents of FEMALE superfiical perineal space
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contains homologous structures and the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands).
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penis is made up of
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Three erectile masses:
Two corpora cavernosa, each surrounded by a dense, fibrous capsule, the tunica albuginea. One corpus spongiosum. |
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root of penis is attached to
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pubic arch
perineal membrane |
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Ischiocavernosus muscles cover
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the crura
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Bulbospongiosus covers
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the bulb
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which part of the penis is the free part?
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the body
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muscles of penis are what type of muscle?
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skeletal muscle
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skeletal muscle of penis is innervated by
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perineal nerve (which is branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4))
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erection involves what type of reflex?
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sacral spinal reflex
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erection occurs under the influence of
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acetylcholine and NO
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what allows greater blood flow into penis during erection?
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relaxation of the helicine arteries
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what happens to corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum during erection?
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become engorged with blood
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what fxn do ischiocavernous and bulbospongiosus muscles play during erection?
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compress veins and prevent venous return
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tunica albuginea of penis helps maintain
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turgidity
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Sympathetics (L1-L2) cause peristalsis to move semen (sperm and glandular secretions) to the prostatic urethra via the ejaculatory ducts.
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Know this.
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Ejaculation is
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the expulsion of semen from the urethra
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scrotum is
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cutaneous sac with 2 layers
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2 layers of scrotum are
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heavily pigmented thin skin
dartos fascia |
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Dartos fascia
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Fat-free fascial layer containing smooth muscle
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what happens to scrotum when it is cold?
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muscle contracts, reduces scrotal surface area and helps cremasteric muscle keep testes against the body
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innervation of scrotum
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Anterior scrotal nerve
Branches of Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves Posterior scrotal nerves from pudendal nerve |
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Labia majora are innervated by
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the anterior labial nerves from ilioinguinal and the posterior labial nerves from the superficial perineal.
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in the male, what organs are contained in deep perineal pouch
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bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s glands.
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sheet of skeletal muscle of deep pouch functions as
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sphincter for the urethra in the male and for the urethra and vagina in the female
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in the deep pouch, female has two additional muscles, which are
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Sphincter urethrovaginalis.
Compressor urethrae. |
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In males and females, deep transverse perineal muscles parallel the
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free margin of the perineal membrane and help stabilize the perineal body
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anal triangle is bounded posteriorly by
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the coccyx
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ischioanal fossae aka
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ischiorectal fossae
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ischioanal fossae lies where?
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on either side of anal canal
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ischioanal fossae is
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Large fascia-lined, wedge shaped spaces between the skin and the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm.
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the ischioanal fossae communicate with each other via
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the deep postanal space superior to the anococcygeal ligament
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abcess in the ischioanal fossa
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Can be very painful.
Inflammation in anal canal can lead to a fistula between the anal canal and the ischioanal fossa. Can spread to the anterior recess and posteriorly through the deep postanal space to the opposite side. |