Test One Part Ii.

Front 1

The study of tissues.

Back 1

Histology

Front 2

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers and forms glands.

Back 2

Epithelial tissue

Front 3

List the functions of epithelial tissue.

Back 3

1) provides physical protection 2) control permeability and absorption 3) provides sensation 4) produce specialized secretions

Front 4

_______ are especially abundant on epithelial surfaces where absorption and secretion take place, such as along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts.

Back 4

Microvilli

Front 5

A _______ ________ is formed by the fusion of the outer layers of two cell membranes. Bands of this encircle the apical portion of many epithelial cells, preventing the diffusion of fluids and solutes between the cells.

Back 5

Tight Junction

Front 6

________ are abundant between cells in the superficial layers of the skin. As a result, damaged skin cells are usually lost in sheets rather than as individual cells. It gives the epithelium its strength.

Back 6

Desmosomes

Front 7

What are the three cell shapes?

Back 7

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Front 8

Most delicate type of epithelium. Ex. Respiratory exchange surfaces (alveoli), the lungs, the lining of the ventral body cavities and the lining of the heart and blood vessels.

Back 8

Simple Squamous epithelium

Front 9

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the ventral body cavities is called ______. The pleura, peritoneum and pericardium each contain a superficial layer of this.

Back 9

Mesothelium (or parietal layer)

Front 10

The simple squamous epithelium lining the inner surface of the heart and all blood vessels is an _______.

Back 10

Endothelium

Front 11

This epithelium is generally located where mechanical stresses are severe. The cells form a series of layers. Ex. Surface of skin, esophagus, and anus.

Back 11

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 12

The thyroid gland contains chambers called _______ ______, that are lined by a cuboidal secretory epithelium.

Back 12

Thyroid follicles

Front 13

Are relatively rare and are located along the ducts of sweat glands and in the larger ducts of the mammary glands.

Back 13

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

Front 14

Typically posses cilia. Epithelia of this type line most of the nasal cavity, the trachea, the bronchi and portions of the male reproductive tract.

Back 14

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells

Front 15

Flat in appearance; found lining the skin and first line of defense. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Back 15

Squamous

Front 16

Which epithelial tissue is shaped like little squares/hexes and found in the lining of the urinary tubes? It also secrets and absorbs material.

Back 16

Cuboidal

Front 17

Which epithelial tissue is shaped like columns, secretes and absorbs material and is found lining the trachea?

Back 17

Columnar

Front 18

Which epithelial tissue is of the urinary bladder?

Back 18

Transitional

Front 19

A gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Hormones that are released directly into the surrounding interstitial fluid. Ductless

Back 19

Endocrine Gland

Front 20

Glands that secrete onto an epithelial surface.

Back 20

Exocrine

Front 21

Involves the loss of cytoplasm as well as the secretory product. Mammary gland.

Back 21

Apocrine

Front 22

Destroys the gland cell. Ex. Sebaceous gland.

Back 22

Holocrine

Front 23

The product is released from the secretory vesicles by exocytosis.

Back 23

Merocrine

Front 24

Are also known as adipose cells, or fat cells. Contains a single, enormous lipid droplet.

Back 24

Adipocytes

Front 25

Most of the volume of _______ ________ _______ is occupied by fibers.

Back 25

Dense connective tissues

Front 26

Dense connective tissues are often called __________.

Back 26

Collagenous

Front 27

Form an interwoven meshwork in no consistent pattern. These tissues strengthen and support areas subjected to stresses from many directions.

Back 27

Dense irregular connective tissue

Front 28

A single cell type accounts for almost half the volume of blood and is the reason we associate the color red with blood.

Back 28

Red blood cell or erythrocyte

Front 29

A ________ is generally set apart from surrounding tissues by a fibrous __________.

Back 29

Cartilage, perichondrium

Front 30

Cartilage cells or _______ are the only cells in the cartilage matrix.

Back 30

Chondrocytes

Front 31

Is the most common type of cartilage.

Back 31

Hyaline cartilage

Front 32

________ in the matrix contain osteocytes, or bone cells.

Back 32

Lacunae, osteocytes

Front 33

Lines passageways and chambers, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts that communicates with the exterior.

Back 33

Mucous membranes

Front 34

Movement is produced by a _______ ______, which is specialized for contraction.

Back 34

Muscle tissue

Front 35

Smooth muscle tissue has no _________.

Back 35

Striations

Front 36

Known as nervous tissue, is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses from one region of the body to another.

Back 36

Neural tissue

Front 37

The first abnormality to be observed is _______ , a change in the normal shape, size and organization of tissue cells.

Back 37

Dysplasia

Front 38

_______ is a structural change that dramatically alters the character of the tissue.

Back 38

Metaplasia

Front 39

In _______ tissue organization breaks down.

Back 39

Anaplasia

Front 40

Body membrane-squamous epithelial cells.

Back 40

Cutaneous Membrane

Front 41

Membrane that produce mucus- line the cavities that open to the outside of the body digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts.

Back 41

Mucous Membrane

Front 42

Body membrane that produces serous fluid, epi cells supported by connective tissue, line internal cavities that are not open to outside: pleural (lungs), pericardial (heart), peritoneal (organs).

Back 42

Serous Membrane

Front 43

Body membrane that produce synovial fluid- line the joints of the body.

Back 43

Synovial Membrane