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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fibrinoid necrosis conditiosn |
vasculitis malignant HTN DM immune complex deposition |
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base excision repair - process |
glycosylase cleaves base endonuclease cleaves 5' end lyase cleaves 3' end polymerase and ligase fill in the gaps |
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nitrites - mechanism of damage |
deaminate things C>U A>hypoxanthine G>xanthine |
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aortic dissection primary risk factor |
HTN |
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abd. aortic aneurysm risk |
increased cholesterol |
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athero affects veins or arteries or both? |
arteries |
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vitamin deficiencies in postnatal period colostrum has which vitamin |
vit k - lack of gut bacteria, shows up immediate postnatal period vit d - for those exclusively breastfed - doesn't show up until 6 months later vitamin A is in colostrum |
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HepB s/sx lab |
serum-sickness like fevere, fatigue, skin rash elevated ALT/AST |
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hepC cute |
mild, asympomatic |
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R external jugular vein > braciocephalic vein path |
ext jug > R subclavian R subclavian + r internal jug + r lymphatic duct > R braciocephalic |
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R lymphatic duct drains? |
R face, neck, arm, hemithorax, RUQ |
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axillary vein drains what? drains to? |
drains arm > SCV |
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supine hypotension in pregnancy what other position? |
duce to IVC compression > decreased venous return also seen in R lateral decubitus |
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CCK secreted by? where? in response to? what pathology |
secreted by I cells in duod, jejunum response to fa-rich chyme CCK release in obstuction > biliary colic |
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vagal positive or negative > somatostatin? |
negative |
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erosion vs ulcer |
erosion - not through muscularis mucosa fully ulcer - through musc mucosa > submucosa |
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most common causes of GI ulcers - 2 |
1) h pylori 2) nsaids |
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gastric layers
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mucosa (LP, glands), muscular mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propia, serosa
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Fe deficiency anemia s/sx |
dysphagia, spoon nails/koilonychia dysphagia due to espohageal webs |
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what increases fe absorption? |
vitamin c |
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pyridoxine deficiency > heme path |
sideroblastic anemia |
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serum sickness hypersens type s/sx histo timing complement? |
type III
fever, arthralgia, pruritic skin rash fibrinoid necrosis of small vessels w/ nphils decreased c3 7-14 days post exposure neuotrpenia - extravasation |
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some drug causes of serum sickness |
monoclonal antibodies non-human IgG TMP/smx |
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C5a |
mediaets nphil extravasation |
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serpentine pattern of mycobaceteria indicates |
presence of cord factor > increased virulence |
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sulfatides fxn in mycobacteria |
inhibit lysosome - phagosome fusion > facilitate survival in macrophages |
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c perfringens s/sx |
gas gangrene late-onset transient watery diarrhea |
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PCL location, fxn, MOI |
medial anterior > lateral posterior prevents posterior tibial displacement relative to femur injured by direct blow to anterior proximal tibia |
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ACL fxn |
prevents anterior displacement of tibia relative to femur |
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review knee anatomy |
fine... |
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pancoast tumor location pain where |
superior sulcus = groove of subclavian vessels pain in nerve roots c8-t2 |
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hemoptysis neoplasm |
bronchogenic carcinoma |
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mass where > SVC syndrome? |
mediastinal |
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bladder carcinoma - cell derivatives s/sx |
transitional/urothelial epithelium similar to normal bladder epithelium s/sx: painless hematuria |
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loop diuretics sfx |
hypoK hypoMg hypoCa ototox - esp in combo w/ others |
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spironolactone sfx |
hyperK gynecomastia |
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age-related macular degeneration - dry |
graudlation, RPE oxidative damage drusen deposition subretinal |
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ARMD - wet tx |
acute - days > wks metamorphosia - straight line distortion hemorrhage/grey/green deposits VEGF antibodies - bevacizumab, ranibizumab |
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ranibizumab MOA |
inhibits VEGF |
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statins + what > increased myopathy risk? |
fibrates |
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bisphosphonate MOA |
analogue of pyrophosphate in hydroxyapatite makes hydroxyap more insoluble inhbiits clasts stay upright after taking... |
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-dronate suffix |
bisphosphonate |
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dermatomyositis s/sx labs antbody |
gottron, heliotrope proximal muscle weakness elevated CK |
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fatty streaks in vessels - what are they/what do they signify |
intracellular lipid accumulation in macros - 1 step in athero, but don't alway progress to athero present in everyone > 10 |
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you can report 4 things w/ o consent |
abuse - child/elder gun/stabbing reportable communicable disease (to public health officials) imminent harm to self/others w/ ability to carry out threat |
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papillary thyroid carcinoma histo |
fibrovascular stalk cuboidal cells ground glass nuclei |
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adeonsine sfx use |
flushed, chest burn/bronchospasm, hypotension, AV block used for PSVT |
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amiodarone sfx |
photoderm, skin discoloration, PF, hyper or hypothyroid |
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vitiligo association |
loss of epidermal melanocytes associated w/ other autoimmune disorders areas of hypopigmentation MJ |
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cafe au lait - histo |
melanosome aggregation in melanocytes |
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linear melanocyte hyperplasia - condition |
lentigo |
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clindamycin sfx |
c dif |
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doxy sfx |
photosens, tooth discoloration in kids |
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BNP - relased when? |
HF, stretching of ventricles - associated w/ hypertrophy/volume overload |
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mitochondrial swelling indicates |
reversible ischemia |
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B6 deficiency s/sx |
PN, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis |
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tetanus dx |
H+P |
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fistulates/ulcers - GI disease |
crohns - can get fistulates between anything and gut, even skin |
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mesenteric adenitis who gets it cause s/sx |
kids yersinia abd. pain RLQ, fever, nausea, vomiting |
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B cell ALL markers |
TDT, CD10, CD 19 |
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T cell ALL markers |
TDT, CD2-8 |
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positive straight leg raise indicates? |
back - L4-S3, sciatic nerve root |
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tracheal deviation in atelectasis? in pleural effusion? |
towards ipsi in atelectasis towards contra in pleural effusion |
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neoplasm and atelectasis - how? imaging |
cancer in mainstem bronchus > obstruction > alveolar collapse > opacificed side |
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pulmonary edema on xay |
doesn't opacify - fluffy, infiltrate, bilateral |
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think about unilateral vs. bilateral on chest xray |
RIGHT |
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ERB+ aggressive or indolent? |
often aggressive |
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sis- marker for? |
astrocytoma, osteosarcoma |
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RAS in what pathway? |
MAPK |
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fluid in alveolar spaces aka |
pulmonary edema |
