Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social psychology |
Scientific study of how individuals are affected by social situations |
|
Attribution |
What we see as causing behavior |
|
Fundamental attribution error |
To over rely on internal/personal attributions to explain someone else's behavior |
|
Actor observer bias |
To explain our own behavior we over rely on external or situational attributions |
|
Self serving bias |
When we make internal attributions for our success and blame others for our failure |
|
Attitudes |
Relatively stable position a person holds (related to our feelings) |
|
Advertising |
To influence attitude to change behavior |
|
Cognitive Dissonance |
When our attitudes don't fit with our behavior, it creates psychological tension, we are driven to reduce the tension |
|
Festinger & Carlsmith |
Developed a way to test cognitive dissonance. Gave subjects a very boring task to do. Asked to tell next group that it was fun. One group was given 20 bucks other group a dollar. Group that got a dollar changed their perspective on the task said it wasn't so bad. 20 bucks didn't change. Dollar group used cognitive dissonance. |
|
Foot in the door technique |
Get someone to agree to a small request, will increase the chance they will say yes to a larger request |
|
Door in the face technique |
Ask for a huge favor that will be turned down then ask for a smaller favor which will be more likely to be accepted. |
|
Prosocial behavior- altruism |
Helping without any seen benefits |
|
Kitty Genovessee |
Attacked & murdered infront of 38 witnesses. |
|
Darley and Latane |
Bystander affect- the larger number of potential helpers the less likely you will get help |
|
Diffusion of Responsibility |
In large group we put the responsibility on others |
|
Pluralistic ignorance |
Look at others to decide how to act |
|
4 group factors |
1. Diffusion of Responsibility 2. Pluralistic ignorance 3. Clearly define a situation as an emergency 4. Fear of social embarrassment |
|
Individual Factors |
If victim is attractive women, can emphasize with victim, if you feel responsible for the victim, if your in a good mood, if educated on bystander effect |
|
4 causes of Attraction |
1. Physical attraction 2. Proximity 3. Homogamy 4. Reciprocity |
|
Proximity |
Like those who we see more often |
|
Homogamy |
We like those with similar backgrounds, beliefs, and attitudes |
|
Reciprocity |
We like those who like us |
|
Halo Effect |
When someone is attractive assume they will have other positive qualities |
|
Self-fulfilling prophecy |
When we bring our behavior in line with others expectations |
|
Birging |
Basking in the reflective glory |
|
Evolutionary |
Youthfulness= physical attractiveness |
|
Matching hypothesis |
We end up with someone with a similar level of attractiveness |
|
Social Comparisons |
Upward S.C- we compare someone who us better than us at something Downward S.C- we compare ourselves to someone not as good |
|
Self Handicapping |
When uncertain of success when we desire success so we set up an excuse for failure in advance of acting |
|
3 Self Handicapping examples |
1. Procrastination 2. Not practicing 3. Alcohol and or drug use |
|
Self Handicapping men and women |
Men- acquire self handicapping Women- claim self handicapping |
|
Health psychology |
How psychology affects physical health and well being |
|
Stress |
Unpleasant state occurs when we perceive demands that overwhelm us |
|
Stressor |
Demand that we have to adjust to |
|
Perception [controllable&uncontrollable] |
Uncontrollable events are more stressful then controllable events |
|
Holmes & Rahe |
Developed social readjustment & rating scale (# of life changing events in past year) |
|
Daily hassels |
Small minor inconvienences |
|
HansSelye |
Father of stress. 1. Distress 2. Eustress |
|
Distress |
Negative effect of stress- don't recall info for test, headaches, depressrion... |
|
Eustress |
Positive impact of stress |
|
General Adaptation syndrome (GAS) |
How body deals with stress long term duration |
|
3 steps of long term stress |
1. Alarm- first encounter stress 2. Resistance- body become adapted to stress but immune system is still suppressed 3. Exhaustion- we have irreversible system damage- death, illness |
|
Things that buffer us from stress |
View stressor as challenge instead of threat Be optimistic Healthy eating Intimacy |
|
Stress prevention factors |
Proactive coping Sleep 7-8 hrs Excercise |
|
Proactive coping |
Anticipate potential stressors and deal with them in advance |
|
Psychosomatic Disease |
Older term- physical illness made worse by stress |
|
Rosenman & Freedman |
Cardiologists- discovered that type A personality people are linked to heart disease and stroke |
|
Type A |
Easily aroused Time urgency Competitive |
|
IQ test |
Mental capability or potential |
|
Achievement test |
Mental accomplishment |
|
Binet |
1904- developed 1st intelligence test Commisoned by the French government to identify kids with potential school problems |
|
Stanford Binet |
1916 has 3 pieces of testing Reliability Validity IQ |
|
Reliability |
Consistency, does test measure the same thing with each administration |
|
Validity |
Does your test measure what you want it to measure |
|
IQ |
Intelligence Quotient Old= mental age/ actual age ×100 |
|
Intellectual Disability |
IQ below 70, developmental, functional limitations |
|
Deviation IQ score |
Compare individual score with norm. Better the norm sample better the IQ test |
|
Wechsler scales |
Most popular IQ tests WATS- Adult intelligence scales(16&up) WISC- intelligence scale for children (16&below) |
|
Models of Intelligence |
1. Psychometric approach 2. Biological approach 3. Multiple intelligences |
|
Psychometric approach |
Based on end score on IQ test |
|
Biological approach |
Crystallized intelligence- knowledge based off experience Fluid intelligence- performance based knowledge (speed of processing) |
|
Howard Gardner |
9 multiple intelligences |
|
9 multiple intelligences |
1. Spatial 2. Musical 3. Body- kinesthetic 4. Interpersonal 5. Intrapersonal 6. Verbal linguistic 7. Logical- mathematical 8. Naturalistic 9. Spiritual |