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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are hormones?
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Hormones are chemical regulators that coordinate the proper response to internal and external stimulating factors (stimuli).
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What two systems interact to maintain homeostasis?
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The endocrine and nervous systems interact to maintain homeostasis.
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What is the endocrine system?
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The endocrine system consists of hormones, ductless glands and cells that secrete hormones, and the receptors that allow target cells to respond properly to hormones.
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Where are endocrine glands and endocrine cells located?
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Endocrine glands and endocrine cells are embedded in extensive capillary networks to facilitate systemic hormone transport.
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What regulates the endocrine system?
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The hypothalamus regulates the endocrine system.
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Hormones may be __________ (water-soluble) or ___________ (lipid-soluble) compounds.
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hydrophilic (water-soluble)
hydrophobic (lipid-soluble) |
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What three endocrine glands does the brain contain?
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hypothalamus - integrates the endocrine and nervous systems; collects and processes information from the nervous system and initiates the proper endocrine system response
pituitary gland - regulates other endocrine glands pineal gland - regulates wake/sleep patterns and seasonal activities |
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What are neuro-secretory cells?
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Neuro-secretory cells in the hypothalamus make anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin ("love hormone") and transport them to the posterior pituitary for storage.
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How does the hypothalamus regulate the pituatary gland?
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The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that regulate hormone secretion
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Where are the receptors for hydrophobic hormones located?
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The receptors for hydrophobic (lipid-soluble) hormones are located in the cytoplasm of the target cells.
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Where are the receptors for hydrophilic hormones located?
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The receptors for hydrophilic (water-soluble) hormones are located in the cell membrane surface of target cells.
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How are hydrophobic hormones transported in the blood?
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Hydrophobic hormones attach to water-soluble proteins that allow them to be transported in blood.
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How can pituitary tumors disrupt the endocrine system?
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Pituitary tumors can disrupt endocrine system function by altering hormone levels.
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How does the hypothalamus regulate the anterior pituitary gland?
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The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that regulate hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland.
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What regulates body temperature?
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A hormone cascade pathway regulates body temperature.
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What is the role of TRH in the hormone cascade pathway?
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TRH is the thyrotropin-releasing hormone that hypothalamus secretes. The stimulus attaches this first.
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What is the role of TSH in the hormone cascade pathway?
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TSH (thyrotropin) is the thyroid-stimulating hormone. Anterior pituitary secretes this.
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What factors do hormones regulate?
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behavior
development metabolism and hunger reproduction response to environment |
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What are ductless glands?
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Ductless glands are endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones.
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Describe the hormone cascade pathway.
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hypothalamus secretes TRH
(Negative feedback begins) anterior pituitary secretes TSH thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone (T3 & T4) |
