Test 3

Front 1

According to Freud, a toddler is in the __________ stage of psychosexual development.

Back 1

anal

Front 2

Dominant themes in cultural art represented by images of nurturing mothers and protective fathers are examples of Jung’s conceptualization of archetypes.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Attributions are the tendency to seek information that supports one's beliefs.

Back 3

False

Front 4

Which of the following ideas lies at the core of the concept of personality?

Back 4

Consistency across situations

Front 5

_____ refers to an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits.

Back 5

Personality

Front 6

“Shrewd,” “timid,” and “self assured” are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Back 6

personality traits.

Front 7

Sue’s friends say that she is sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, and straightforward. Which of the following Big Five traits would best describe her?

Back 7

Agreeableness

Front 8

Eric studies three hours per day, five days a week. He only misses school when he is sick and is almost never late for class. On which of the following Big Five traits would he likely receive a high score?

Back 8

Conscientiousness

Front 9

The area of psychological research that attempts to trace the hereditary influences on personality is called

Back 9

behavioral genetics.

Front 10

Brianne likes to explore new experiences and has recently taken up mountain climbing. She is likely to have a high score on Zuckerman’s scale to measure

Back 10

sensation-seeking.

Front 11

High sensation-seekers are more likely to

Back 11

have unprotected sex.

Front 12

Most psychological tests can be placed in one of two broad categories:

Back 12

projective tests and standardized tests.

Front 13

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Back 13

self-report inventories.

Front 14

______________ test requires people to respond to ambiguous stimuli. Inferences about needs, emotions, and personality traits are drawn from the responses.

Back 14

A projective

Front 15

A ____ is a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.

Back 15

personality trait

Front 16

The idea that personality traits have reproductive payoffs, such as extraversion being higher in those with greater physical attractiveness, complies with the _____ view.

Back 16

evolutionary

Front 17

When MRI technology was used to look for associations between the Big Five traits and variations in the relative size of specific areas of the brain,

Back 17

extraversion correlated with the volume of brain regions that process reward.

Front 18

Betty likes to post flattering photos of her body on her Facebook page. She believes that cheating on a test is okay because she is smarter than other students. When her friends comment on her behavior, she gets very angry. Betty’s behavior is most likely that of

Back 18

a narcissist.

Front 19

According to a video we watched in class humans achieve self-awareness around 18moinths of age. Often considered a human “right” we now know that self-awareness exists in other species. What species did the video talk about?

Back 19

Great Apes

Front 20

An attribution is

Back 20

an inference about the causes of behavior and events.

Front 21

Internal attributions ascribe causes of behavior to

Back 21

personal dispositions.

Front 22

In explaining the causes of behavior, the fundamental attribution error refers to the overestimation of the role of ______ factors.

Back 22

personal

Front 23

Brett thinks he failed the math test because his brain just isn’t built for math. Which type of attribution is he practicing?

Back 23

Internal

Front 24

Categorizing others by ethnicity, gender, age, or religion is used to

Back 24

avoid expending cognitive effort to form a more accurate impression.

Front 25

Confirmation bias occurs in

Back 25

casual social interactions. job interviews. courtrooms.

Front 26

______ are widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.

Back 26

Stereotypes

Front 27

_____ refers to the tendency to explain other people's behavior as the result of personal, rather than situational, factors.

Back 27

The fundamental attribution error

Front 28

A negative attitude held toward a particular group of people is referred to as

Back 28

prejudice.

Front 29

Which of the following statements is true?

Back 29

People tend to see what they expect to see when they are prejudiced

Front 30

_____ occurs when people yield to social pressure in their public behavior, even though their private beliefs have not changed.

Back 30

Compliance

Front 31

In Milgram's studies of obedience, participants were

Back 31

instructed to deliver electric shocks to a learner.

Front 32

In general, prejudice is ______ and discrimination is ______

Back 32

an attitude; a behavior

Front 33

Research indicates that East Asians are less prone to the fundamental attribution error than Americans.

Back 33

True

Front 34

In general, we are more likely to get help in an emergency when there is only one witness.

Back 34

True

Front 35

Zimbardo’s Stanford experiment split participants into two groups and then observed the resulting behavior. What were the two groups used in Zimbardo’s experiment?

Back 35

Prisoners & Guards

Front 36

Based on Loftus’ work on memory, eyewitness testimony should be the primary evidence we use to determine guilt.

Back 36

False

Front 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the key elements of the interpersonal communication process?

Back 37

Interpreter

Front 38

Poor communication ranks high as a cause of breakups with

Back 38

both gay and straight couples.

Front 39

In nonverbal communication, meaning is transmitted from one person to another

Back 39

through means or symbols other than words.

Front 40

Facial expressions are most likely to convey messages dealing with

Back 40

emotions.

Front 41

Which of the following is considered the most meaningful aspect of eye contact?

Back 41

Duration of eye contact

Front 42

To be an effective listener, you need to

Back 42

pay attention to nonverbal signals.

Front 43

As an indicator of lying, lack of eye contact is

Back 43

not a reliable index of deceptive intent.

Front 44

Which of the following statements about gender differences in nonverbal communication is accurate?

Back 44

Women are better encoders and decoders than men.

Front 45

The study of communication through body movement is called

Back 45

kinesics.

Front 46

One idea from Jung’s personality theory that has been incorporated into mainstream modern

psychology is the notion of

Back 46

introversion/extraversion.

Front 47

Which of the following statements is true according to Big Five research?

Back 47

Extraversion and conscientiousness are positive predictors of career success.

Front 48

______ includes all vocal cues other than the content of the verbal message itself.

Back 48

Paralanguage

Front 49

In interpersonal communication, the person who originates a message is called the

Back 49

Sender

Front 50

External attributions ascribe causes of behavior to

Back 50

situational factors