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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Angina? |
Lack of Oxygen to the heart |
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What are the three agents for angina? |
Nitrates/Nitrites Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers |
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What are the available forms of a nitrate/nitrite |
Sublingual,Buccal,Chewable tablets, Oral capsules, IV ,Ointments,Transdermal patches, Translingual sprays. |
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Nitrates/Nittres are used for what 3 things |
Short term relief of angina, Prophylaxis in situations that can stimulate angina Long term Ptophylaxis of angina
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What exactly do nitrates /nitrites do |
vasodilatation because of relaxation of smooth muscles Dilate coronary arteries Prevent and treat angina Dilate large and small coronary vessels Which leads to oxygen getting to ischemic myocardial tissue and the nitrates alleviate coronary artery spasms.W |
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What is the dosage for nitroglycerine |
o.4 mg that you have to place under the tongue every 5 minutes for chest pain |
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What happens if you give the 0.4 mg of nitroglycerine 1st tablet and they are still in pain after 5 minutes |
call 911 and give a second tablet
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Should my nitroglycerine every be replaced |
yes every 6 months.
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What are the side effects of using nitroglycerine |
1.Headache 2.Tacycardia,postural hypotension
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What do you do to privet a tolerance of nitroglycerin |
Remove drug every 12 hours |
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What do Beta-Blockers do |
Decreases Myocardial oxygen demand and give more oxygen to heart. They are anti anginal agents Antihypertensive Cardioprotective effects after heartattack Used for migranes and headaches |
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What are 4forms of Beta Blockers |
Atelonol(Tenormin) Metoprolol(Lopressor) Propanolol(Inderal Nadolol(Corgard) |
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What are Calcium Channel Blockers do? |
Decrease myocardial oyxgen demand |
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What are Calcium Channel Blocker Agents |
Verapamil(Calan diltiazem(Cardizem |
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When should you take calcium channel blockers |
When you have chest pain. |
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What Beta Blockers affect asthma |
other |
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What are adverse effects to calcium channel blockers |
Hypotension Palpatations Tachy or Bradycardia Constipation Nausea Dyspnea |
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What is Hyperlipidemia |
Elevated Blood levels of lipoproteins |
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What is a liprprotein |
Cholestorol Triglycerides Phospholipids
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What should your lipids look like |
TC (Low) LDL(Low) HDL(High) |
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What is the importance of LDL |
LDL level important in predictor of morbidity and mortality. |
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What is important about Cholesorol |
Cholestorol helps make cells and hormones |
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What are the two primary forms of lipids in the blood |
1.Water insoluble fats 2.Lipoproteins |
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What is a water insoluble fat |
Water insoluble fats: Fats that must be bound to apoliprotein , They are specialized lipid carrying proteins |
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What is a lipoprotein |
Lipoprotein: Combination of tryglicerides or cholesterol with apolipoprotein. |
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Name the 3 major plasma lipoproteins |
VLDL(Very Low-density lipoprotein) LDL(Low-Density lipoprotein)10-15%made by the liver .transports endogenous lipids to the cell. HDL( High-density Lipoprotein)-Recycle60-70% cholestorol.Has 20-30% of serum cholesotrol |
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What does HDG-COA do? |
Helps make cholesterol |
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What do you want your total cholesterol to be |
<200 anything else is high |
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What do you want your LDL to be |
<100 anything else is high |
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What do you want your triglycerides to be? |
<150 anything else is too high |
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What should an HDL be for a woman |
equal to or less than 50 |
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What should an HDL be for a man? |
equal to or less than 40 |
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What are the risk factors for hyperlypidemia |
Age :Men 45 years Women 55 years Family History or Premature CHD Smoking Hypertension Low HDL |
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What are the most potent LDL reducers |
Anything ending in statin Example :Pravastatin |
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WHAT DO STATINS DO ? |
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which is used by the liver to make cholesterol Lower rate of Cholestorol Production |
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What else DO statins do? |
Reduce LDL levels Increase HDL levels Reduce Trigylcerides
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What are the side effects of statins |
Mild GI problems rash headache myopathy elevation in liver enzymes or liver disease Rhabdomyolysis
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What is Rhabdomyolysis |
Breakdown of muscle
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What do Bile Acid Sequestrians do |
Prevent resorption of bile acids from small intestine Bile acids absorb cholesterol |
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What are Bile Acid Sequestrian Indications |
Hypercholesterolemia, Relieve pruritus with partial biliary obstuction |
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what are Bile Acid Sequestrian side effects |
Constipation Heartburn nausea bleeding belching bloating but effects wear off over time |
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Do we use Bile acid equestrians anymore |
No. |
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What is Niacin |
Vitamin B lower lipids when used in signifiant amounts |
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What does the Niacin do? |
Increase activity or lipase which breaks down lipids Reduces metabolism of cholesterol and tryglycerides |
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What does Niacine Lower |
Lowers triglycerides and serum cholesterol along with LDL levels. Increases HDL levels |
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What are important side effects of Niacine |
Flushing( due to histamine release) Pruitus Hepatoxicity GI distress and gout |
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What are forms of Fibric Acid Derivatives |
clofibrate gemfibrozil fenofibrate
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How of Fibric Acide derivatives work |
hkj./ |
