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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anergia
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Reduction in or lack of energy
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Anhedonia
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inability to find meaning in or pleasure in existence
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Deep brain stimulation
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Individual electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain. A special device generates a stimulus that depolarizes neurons near the local area.
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Dysthymia
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A mild-moderate level of depression that lasts 2 or more years and usually doesn't interfere with average functioning.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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An effedtive treatment for depression in which a grand mal seizure is induced by passing an electrical current through electrodes that are applied to the temples. The administration of a muscle relaxant minimizes seizure activity and prevents damage to long bones and cervical vertebrae.
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Light therapy
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First line treatment for SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Full-spectrum wavelength light is used to suppress nocturnal secretions of melatonin levels to normal. 30-60 minutes daily.
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Major depressive disorder (MDD)
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Characterized by emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms which markedly differ from the person's usual self and functioning.
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Psychomotor agitation
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Constant involvement in some tension-relieving activity, such as constantly pacing, bitting ones nails, smoking, or tapping one's fingers on a tabletop.
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Psychomotor retardation
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Extreme slowness of and difficulty in movemnets that in the extreme can entail complete inactivity and incontinence.
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Rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Questionalbe effectiveness, Expensive & takes several wks for effects. A coil is placed on the scalp, not implanted, and magnetic fields change the brains activity.
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Vagus nerve stimulation
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Originally used as a treatment for epilepsy, a pacemaker-like device is implanted surgically into the left chest wall from which a thin, flexible wire is threaded up and wrapped around the vagus nerve on the left side of the neck. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve is thought to boost the level of neurotransmitters, improving mood and the action of antidepressants.
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Vegetative signs of depression
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Significant changes from normal functioning in those activities necessary to support physical life and growth, such as eating, sleeping, elimination, and sex, during a depressive episode.
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Bipolar I
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One or more periods of MD with at least one episode of clear cut mania.
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Bipolar II
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One or more periods of MD with with periods of hypomania.
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Clang associations
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The meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner.
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Cyclothymia
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At least 2 years or more of alternating periods of dysthymia and hypomania.
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Flight of ideas
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Continuous flow of speech- person jumps rapidly from one topic to another. Sometimes listener can keep up w/ changes; other times, necessary to listen for themes in incessant talking. Themes often include grandiose & fantasized evaluation of personal sexual prowess, business ability, artistic talents and so forth.
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Hypomania
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Less severe than Mania and usually doesn't impair grasp on reality.
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Mania
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An exagerated euphoria or irritability.
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Mixed features
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Is used when a pt. in a full bipolar or hypomanic mood displays at the same time depressive symptoms (e.g., increased activity/aggitation and at same time feelings of worthlessness or SI).
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Rapid cycling
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Four or more mood episodes in a 12-month period.
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Seclusion protocol
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Includes a proper reporting procedure through the chain of command when a pt. is to be secluded.
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Completed suicide
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Is the act of intentionally ending one's own life and opting for nonexistence.
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Copy cat suicide
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A suicide that follows a highly publicized suicide of a public figure, idol, or peer in the community.
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No-suicide contract
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A contract made between a nurse or counselor and a patient, outlined in clear and simple language, in which the patient states that he or she will not attempt self-harm and in which specific alternatives are given for the person instead.
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SAD PERSONS scale
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*Sex; *Age; *Depression; *Previous attempts; *ETOH; *Rational thinking lost; *Social supports lacking; *Organized plan; *No Spouse; *Sickness
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Suicidal ideation
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Means a person is thinking about self-harm.
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Suicide attempts
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Includes all willful, self-inflicted, life threatening attempts that have not lead to death.
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Agnosia
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Loss of sensoryability to recognize objects (they feel but cant distinguish it).
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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Neurocognitive disorder that damages the brain & disables itn to communicate, metabolize and repair itself correctly.
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Aphasia
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Loss of language ability
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Apraxia
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loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment (forget how to do things like brush teeth).
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Confabulation
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making up stories to cover gaps in the memory
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
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Is caused by a prion that acts on the brain causing it to degenerate and life expectancy is only 1-2 years after onset.
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Executive functioning
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is a set of mental processes that helps us connect past experience with present action.
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Geriatric syndrome
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describe the unique features of common health conditions in older people that do not fit into discrete disease categories. These conditions include delirium, falls, incontinence, and frailty.
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Huntington’s Disease
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Genetically transmitted disease that appears about the age of 30-50 and is characterized by abnormal movements, intellectual decline and emotional disturbances.
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Hypermetamorphosis
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Touching everything
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Hyperorality
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the need to put everything in ones mouth.
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Illusions
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an errotr in the perception of a sensory stimulus (polka dots mistaken for hairy spiders).
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Lewy Body Disease
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abnormal structures, called Lewy bodies, build up in areas of the brain & usually begins between the ages of 50 and 85
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Mild cognitive syndrome
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cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed by the individuals experiencing them or to other people, but the changes are not severe enough to interfere with daily life or independent function.
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Perseveration
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The involuntary repetition of the same thought, phrase, or motor response (e.g., brushing teeth, walking); it is associated with brain damage.
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Pick’s Disease
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Micorscopic structures "pick's bodies" are found and the neurons "balloon" in appearance affecting only the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain.
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SLUMS
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Saint Louis University Mental Status examines basic knowledge of geriatric pts.
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Sundowning
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Increasing destabilization of cognitive abilities (e.g., confusion) and lability of mood during the late afternoon, early evening or night. Seen in people with cognitive disorders.
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Antagonistic effect
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combination of drugs that weaken or inhibit the effect of one (Speedball = heroine (depressant) softens the effects of cocain (stimulant)).
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Abuse
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An act of misuse, deceit or exploitation; wrong or improper use of or action toward another, resulting in injury, damage, maltreatment, or corruption.
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Addiction
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Obsession, compulsion, or loss of control with respect to use of a drug (e.g., alcohol), with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors that influence its development. Use of the drug continues despite the presence of related problems and a tendency to relapse after stopping use.
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Al-Anon
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A support group for spouses and friends of alcoholics.
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Alateen
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a nationwide network for children older than 10 years of age who have alcoholic parents.
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Alcholics Anonymous
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A self-help group for recovering alcoholics that provides support and encouragement to those involved in continuing recovery.
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Co-dependence
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a term used to describe coping behaviors that prevent individuals from taking care of their own needs and have as their core preoccupation with the thoughts and feelings of another or others.
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Denial
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Escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence
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Detoxification
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is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism
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Dual diagnosis
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The coexistence of a psychiatric disease with subsance abuse. A person with a dual diagnosis is chronically dependent on a drug or alcohol and also has another psychiatric disorder such as a depressive or personality disorder.
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Enabling
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Helping a chemically dependent individual avoid experiencing the consequences of his or her drinking or drug use. It is one behavioral component of a codependency role.
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Flashbacks
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Transitory recurrences of perceptual disturbance caused by a person's earlier hallucinogenic drug use when he or she is in a drug-free state.
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Intoxication
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Slurred speech, incoordination, staggering, drowsiness, inhibitions lowered resulting in impulsive sex and aggression, impaired judgment, social and occupational problems.
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Relapse
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A recurrance of the manifestations of a disease after a period of improvement; in a substance use disorder, the process of becoming dysfunctional in sobriety that ends in a return to chemical use.
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Synergistic effect
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When drugs are taken together, the effect of either or both of the drugs is intensified or prolonged (Alcohol taken with Benzo results in greater CNS depression).
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Tapering
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to diminish gradually
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Tolerance
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need for higher and higher doses of substance to achieve the desired effect.
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Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome
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A condition seen in chronic alcoholism due to a thiamine deficiency. Combination of Wernicke disease (paralysis of eye movements, nystagimus, ataxia, & acute confusion) and Korsakoff's disease a combination of antegrade and retrograde amnesia.
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Withdrawal
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physiological and psychological signs and symptoms associated with stopping or reducing the use of a substance.
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Antisocial personality disorder
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a syndrome in which a person lacks the capacity to relate to others, does not experience discomfort in inflicting or observing pain in others, and may manipulate others for personal gain.
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Avoidant personality disorder
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A personality disorder in which the central characteristics are an extreme sensitivity to rejection and robust avoidance of interpersonal situations.
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Borderline personality disorder
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Instabliity in relationships, sense of inner emptiness, impulsive acts such as suicide attempts, fear of abandonment.
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Dialectic behavior therapy
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used for Borderline Personality Disorder – focuses on decreasing behaviors that interfere with life and increasing coping skills
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Ego-dystonic
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denoting aspects of a person's thoughts, impulses, and behavior that are felt to be repugnant, distressing, unacceptable, or inconsistent with the self-conception.
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Ego-syntonic
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denoting aspects of a person's thoughts, impulses, attitudes, and behavior that are felt to be acceptable and consistent with the self-conception.
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Entitlement
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Belief that they have the right to hurt others, take what they want, treat others unfairly, destryoy the property of others, and so on (callousness).
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Histrionic personality disorder
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Excessive emotionality, provocative and seductive.
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Manipulation
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ability to find just the right angle to lure a person into their intrigue with the intent to exploit them for money, favors or more sadistic purposes.
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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Grandiosity/need for admiration, "It's all about me".
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Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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Perfetionism/orderliness, seek to keep the world in control by organizing it.
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Paranoid personality disorder
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Pervasive distrust of others.
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Schizoid personality disorder
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Emotional detachment, "loners".
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Schizotypal personality disorder
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Socially inept, eccentric/magical thinking, may seek help due to anxiety in social situations.
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Self-mutilation
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to cause severe damage to yourself (e.g., cutting)
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Splitting
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defense mechanisms- person sees self or others as all good or bad
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Aggression
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Any verbal or nonverbal (actual or attempted, conscious or unconscious) forceful means of harm or abuse of another person or object.
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Bullying
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infers persistent, systematic, ongoing violence toward a person or group.
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Restraint
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Physical method or mechanical device, material, or equipment that inhibits free movement; Chemical given for the specific purpose of inhibiting a certain behavior or movement.
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Anger
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An emotional response to the perception of frustration of desires or threat to one's needs.
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De-escalation techniques
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Intentional techniques used for reduction of the intensity of a conflict.
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Seclusion
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The last step in a process to maximize the safety of a patient and others, in which the patient is placed alone in a specially designed room for protection and close observation.
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