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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nature vs nurture controversy |
How much of us depends on genetics and how much on environmental influences |
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Which side of nature versus nurture controversy does current science favor? |
Nature |
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Who said that IQ was influenced by genetics |
Arthur Jensen |
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Who claimed that IQ is influenced by environment |
Sandra scarr |
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Who conducted comprehensive examination of both sides of the nature versus nurture issue |
Robert Plomin |
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What is Relationship between genetics and environment |
They influence each other |
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Genes definition |
Our genetic make up |
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Chromosomes definition |
Capsules For Genetics |
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Dominant trait definition |
Genetic trait then needs only to be present to be manifested |
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Recessive trait definition |
Genetic trait that requires one more of it self to be made manifest |
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Heterozygous definition |
When one gene is dominant and the other is recessive |
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Homozygous definition |
The pairs are the same |
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Genotype definition |
The xx or xy thingy for males and females |
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Phenotype definition |
Traits that are visible |
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Genes definition |
The basic unit of heredity |
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Two types of twins |
Monozygotic Or identical Dizygotic or fraternal |
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Length of germinal stage |
Conception – two weeks |
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What happens during germinal stage |
Fertilized the cell begins to divide |
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How long does the embryonic stage last |
Three weeks - eight weeks sometimes referred to as the critical period |
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Why is the embryonic stage considered the critical period |
Agents and conditions can impair prenatal development and lead to birth defects or even death |
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Teratogen definition |
Chemical bacteria or virus or other condition that can impair the development of an embryo |
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Common teratogens |
Aspirin, ibuprofen, cigarette smoke, alcohol, some over-the-counter medications, most prescription medications, x-rays. |
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What is FAS |
Fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Effects of fetal alcohol syndrome |
Abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, retarded mental development. |
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How long does the fetal stage last |
Nine weeks - 40 weeks |
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Qualities of the fetus |
Organs are now functioning, bones are beginning to harden, grows in length and puts on weight. |
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Conception of monozygotic twins |
Fertilized egg cell splits instead of staying connected during initial cell division |
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What is the age of viability |
22-23 weeks, this is the age at which the fetus has an above average chance of surviving |
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Two kinds of growth gradients |
Cephalocaudal, proximodistal |
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Cephalocaudal growth |
Growth is moving from head to tail |
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Proximodistal growth |
Growth is taking place from near to far or inside out |
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Signs of labor |
Pain, water breaks, sick, lightning, bloody show, nesting instinct |
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Stages of labor |
Dilation, expulsion, and placental |
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Dilation stage |
Last from 4-20 hours This is where pain is felt Anesthetics are given at this stage |
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Expulsion stage |
This is where the baby is born |
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Placental stage |
Where are the placental leaves the body |
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Apgar score |
10 point scale that evaluates the baby and overall health |
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Dizygotic twins conception |
Two separate sperm cells fertilize two separate egg cells |
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Apgar score indicates that there may be a problem |
Seven or below |
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Apgar score that indicates there is definitely a problem |
Four or below |
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The Apagar score is derived from these five areas |
Heart rate, muscle tone, respiration, color, reflex response |
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Another word that means newborn |
Neonate |
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White paste like substance that protects the baby skin |
Vernix |
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Downey fine hair that covers the babies body and provides warmth |
Lanugo |
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Soft spot on baby’s skull |
Fontanels |
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How many hours does a baby sleep today |
16 |
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Well developed senses of the infant |
Hearing smell taste and touch |
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One sense that isn’t very well developed in babies |
Sight |
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Genotype for females |
Xx |
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Ability to focus on finer features |
Visual acuity |
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One of the key neurological indicators for a physician of the babies health |
Reflexes |
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Reflex when something is placed in an infants hand they will grasp it |
Grasping reflex |
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When something touches the babies lips it opens its mouth and tries to suck |
Sucking reflex |
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If the baby is taking under his arms and his feet are placed on a hard surface he will pick up his feet as if to walk |
Walking reflex |
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And the babies knee touches against a hard surface they lift with their leg as if taking a step |
Stepping reflex |
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Number one killer of children 12 months and younger |
Sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS |
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Pros of breast-feeding |
Better tooth and jaw alignment, convenient, colostrum, nutrient content, bonding, cost, uterus contracts |
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Pros of bottlefeeding |
Convenient, anyone can help, nutrient content |
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Cons of breast-feeding |
Tied down, inconvenient in public, pain, leakage, no one can help |
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Genotype for males |
Xy |
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Cons of bottlefeeding |
Cost, no colostrum, miss use |
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Age at which an infant is able to walk alone |
12 months |
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Method of learning for infants in the sensorimotor stage According to Piaget |
Assimilation and accommodation |
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depth perception |
Visual cliff |
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Types of language |
Baby talk, babbling, Receptive language, expressive language |
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What is baby talk |
Has nothing to do with the maybe talking it is simply the High pitched form of speech directed to children |
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What is babbling |
Extended repetition of certain syllables begins at about six or seven months of age |
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Receptive language |
Our ability to hear and understand a message when it is delivered |
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Expressive language |
Our ability to express ourselves |
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Our innate ability to learn any language |
Language acquisition device or LAD |
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Definition of sex limited trait |
Traits that are limited to one gender or the other |
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Who came up with the language acquisition device |
Noam Chomsky |
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What age does self recognition begin |
18 months |
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The realization that one is a distinct individual |
Self awareness |
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A coordinated interaction between a caregiver and an infant, who respond to each other’s faces, sounds, and movements very rapidly and smoothly |
Synchrony |
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Window of time that exist right after birth when the adult and newborn connect |
Imprinting |
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An emotional connection than an adult makes with a child |
Bonding |
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An emotional connection that a child makes with an adult that is enduring |
Attachment |
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X linked traits |
Traits linked to the X chromosome |
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Two most common X linked traits |
Hemophilia and color blindness |
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Signs of pregnancy |
Sick, negative attitude, weight gain, frequent urination, fatigue, senses are heightened, mood swings, changes in the breasts |
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Three stages of prenatal development |
The germinal stage The embryonic stage The fetal stage |