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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The basic living, structral and functional unit of the body
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CELL
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The study of cells
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CYTOLOGY
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The term that refers to all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
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PLASMA MEMBRANE
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Highly specialized structures for specific cellular activities
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ORGANELLS
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Temporary structures that contain secretion and storage products of the cell
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INCLUSIONS
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Plasma membranes are_____ % protien
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50
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Plasma membranes are____
% lipids by weight |
50
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About_____% off lipids are phospholipids
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75
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______make up about 5 % of the membrane lipids
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Colycolipids
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The reamining 20% of membrane lipids are______
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cholesterol
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______proteins extend across the phospholipids bilayer among the fatty acid tails
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Integral
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Most integral proteins are ______, combinations of sugar and protein
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glcoprotein
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_____proteins do not extend across the phospholipids bilayer
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Perprieal
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Some intergral proteins orm tiny____through which certain in substances flow into or out of the cell
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pores
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Some integral proteins act as _______to move a substance from one side of the membrane to the other
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transports
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Integral proteins also serve as recognition sites called_____
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receptors
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The property of memebraness to regulate the entry and exit of certain substances is called ______ _______
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selective permeability
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The phospholipids bilayer portion of the plasma membrane is_______ to all charged molecules or ions
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impermeable
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Mechanisms that move substances across a membrane without using cellular energy are______ process
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passive
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In _____ process, the cell uses energy from the splitting of ATP to move substances across a membrane
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active
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The random mixing of ions and molecules in a solution due to their kinetic energy is called______
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difussion
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Molecules after a period of time become evenly distibuted, this piont is called______
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equilbrium
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Another passive process is_____,which is the net movement of a solvent(water in living systems) through a selectively permeable membrane
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Osmosis
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In an ______ solution the total concentrations of water and sloutes are the same on both sides of a membrane
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isotonic
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In a _______ solution water molecules enter the cell faster that they can leave
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hypotonic
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The reputure of red blood cells by putting them in distilled water is called______
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hemolysis
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A_____ solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water causing destructtion of red blood cells
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hypertonic
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The shrinking of red blood cells because of water moving out of teh cell is called_______
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creanation
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In______ water and some solutes move across a membrane due to gravity or hydrostatice pressure
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filtration
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In facilitated diffusion substances move down a concentration gradient with the help of proteins called_______carriers
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transport
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Active transport and bulk transport both require energy derived from spiltting______
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ATP
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A typical bidy cell estends about 40% of the ATP ti generates to run primary active______ ______
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transport pump
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The most prevalent primary active transport pump is the________pump
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sodium potassium
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Sometimes,two substances move in the same direction across a plasma membrane , this process is called________
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antiport
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In_____or "cell eating" solid particles are taken in by endocytosis
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phagocytsis
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In_____ ____or "cell drinkning" liquids are taken in by endocytosis
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peno cytosis
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Cytosol is _____to ____% water
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70,75
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_____ are particles which are large and reamin suspeneded in cytosol
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Colliods
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_____are specialized structures that have characteristic appearances and specific roles in growth, maintenance, reapair,and control
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Organalles
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The______is usually a spherical or oval organelle and is the largest structure in the cell
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nucleus
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A double membrane called the ______ ______ seprates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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nuclear enevlope
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Water-filled _____ _____ in the enevlope allow most ions and water-soluble molecules to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
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nucelus pores
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In the nondividing cell DNA and associated proteins are loosely packed and form a network called______
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chromitin
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During cell division, DNA and certain proteins condense and coil into rod-shaped bodies called________
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chormosomes
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_______are tiny spheres that contain ribosomal RNA and several ribosomal proteins
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Ribosomes
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The _______ _______or ER is a system of membrane-enclosed channels of varying shapes called cisterns
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endoplasmic reticulum
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The____ER is studded with ribosomes
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rough
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The____ER us the site if fatty acid, phospholipid. abd steroid synthesis
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smooth
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The_____complex is extensive in cells with high secretory activity
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Golgi
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______are memebrane-enclosed vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes
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Lysosomes
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______are organelles that contain one or more enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize various organic sudbstances
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Peroxisomes
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The _______function is the generate ATP;they are called the powerhouse of the cell
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mitocandria
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The inner membrane of the mitochndria is called______
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crictae
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Cellular respiration occurs only if ______is present
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oxygen
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Cellular shape depends in a complex internal network of filamentous proteins in the cytoplasm called the________
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cytoskeleton
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______ ______ are rodlike structures of varying length, formed from the protein actin, these are found in muscle tissue
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Micro fillament
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_____ ______ are larger, consist of a protein called tubulin, and help support and shape cells
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Micro Tubes
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If the projections are numerous and short, resembling many hairs, they are called_______
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cilia
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______is a pigement stored in certain cells of the skin, hair and eyes
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Melanio
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______is a polysaccharide that is stored in the liver, skeletal muscles and the inner lining of the uterus and vagina
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Glycogen
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______,which are stored in adipocytes(fat cells) may be broke down to synthesize ATP
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Triglycorides
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______is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA called messenger RNA
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Transcription
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_______is the process whereby information in the nucleotide sequence of mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
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Translation
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In the mRNA molecule, each, set of three consecutive nucleotides is called a ______
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codon
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Transfer RNA binds to specific amino acids and bring them to the ribosome. One end of the tRNA is coupled to a specific amino acid, and the other has a triplet of nucleotides called________
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anticodon
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______division is the process by which cells reproduce themselves
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Cell
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The cytoplasmic division us called______-
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cytokinesus
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The process by which the egg and sperm are produced is called______
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meiosis
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The____ ____is a series of activities through whuch a cell passes from the time it is ormed untill it reproduces
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cell cycle
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The period of interphase during which chromosomes are replicated is calle___phase
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5
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The first phase of mitosis is called______during which the chromatin condenses and shortens into chromosomes
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prophase
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The second phase of mitosis is called_____,during which the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
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metaphase
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The thrid phase of mitosis is called______, during which the chromosomes separate and start movement to the poles of the cell
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Hepaphase
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The final phase of mitosis is called____ during which the chromosomes stop moving and complete cleavage of the cell takes place
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Telophase
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Sex cells are called_____
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gametes
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The fusion of the egg and the sperm us called_______
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feterlization
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The fertilized egg is called a ______
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zygote
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The cells that have the total chromosome number are called______cells
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liploid
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The sex cells carry a ______chromosome number
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haplod
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The formation of haploid sperm cells in the teste occurs as part if the process called________
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spermatogens
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The formation of haploid ova(eggs) in the ovaries of the female occurs as part of ________
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oogensis
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When cells in some area of the body divide without control, the the excess of tissue that develops is called a_______
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tumor
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A chemical or other enviromental agent that produces cancer is called a_____-
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carcingen
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A______is a permanent structural change in a gene
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mutation
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____is a normal process accompanied by a progressive allteration of the body's homeostatic adaptive responses
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aging
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