Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
articulated skeleton
|
dried bones held together by wires and rods to show their spatial relationships to one another
|
|
disarticulated skeleton
|
one that is taken apart so that the anatomy of individual bones can be studied in detail
|
|
axial skeleton
|
central supporting axis of the body. includes skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
|
|
appendicular skeleton
|
bones of upper limb and pectoral girdle and the bones of lower limb and pelvic girdle
|
|
average adult number of bones
|
206
|
|
sesamoid bones
|
bones that form within some tendons in response to stress. patella is biggest sesamoid bone.
|
|
sutural or wormian bones
|
extra bones in the skull
|
|
condyle
|
a rounded bone that articulates with another bone
|
|
facet
|
a smooth flat slightly concave or convex articular surface
|
|
line
|
a slightly raised elongated ridge
|
|
spine
|
a sharp slender or narrow process
|
|
trochanter
|
two massive processes unique to the femur
|
|
tuberosity
|
a rough elevated surface-tibial tuberosity
|
|
alveolus
|
a pit or socket. tooth socket
|
|
fossa
|
a shallow broad or elongated basin-mandibular fossa
|
|
fovea
|
a small pit- fovea capitis of the femur
|
|
sulcus
|
a groove for a tendon, nerve or blood vessel
|
|
canal
|
a tubular passage or tunnel in a bone
|
|
fissure
|
a slit thru a bone- orbital fissure behind the eye
|
|
sinus
|
an air-filled space in a bone.
|
|
what is the most complex part of skeleton?
|
skull. composed of 22 bones.
|
|
sutures
|
immovable joints on skull.
|
|
largest cavity
|
cranial. volume of about 1.350 mL. encloses the brain
|
|
lightens anterior portion of skull and act as chambers that add resonance to the voice.
|
paranasal sinuses
|
|
cranium
|
encloses the cranial cavity & protects the brain.
|
|
foramen magnum
|
where the spinal cord enters
|
|
meninges
|
seperates brain tissue from the cranial bones
|
|
dura mater
|
thickets and toughest of the meninges; lies loosely against the inside of the cranium in most places but is firmly attached to it at a few points
|
|
two parts of cranium
|
calvaria (skullcap) and base (floor of cranial cavity).
|
|
cranium is composed of how many bones?
|
8.
|
|
temporalis muscle
|
a chewing muscle that inserts on the madible
|
|
temporal lines
|
form an arc across the parietal and frontal bones. mark attachement of temporalis muscle
|
|
squamous part of temporal bone
|
flat and vertical. encircled by squamous suture. -bears two prominent features: zygomatic process & mandibular fossa.
|
|
tympanic part of temporal bone
|
small ring of bone that borders the external acoustic meatus. -bears styloid process.
|
|
provides attachment for muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone.
|
styloid process
|
|
mastoid part of temporal bone
|
bears mastoid process
|
|
origin of the digastric muscle, which opens the mouth.
|
mastoid notch
|
|
petrous part of temporal bone
|
seen in the cranial floor, it houses the middle and inner ear cavities.
|
|
allows passage of the bestibulocochlear nerve, which carries sensations of hearing and balance from the inner ear to the brain
|
internal acoustic meatus
|
|
passage for the interanl carotid artery, a major blood supply to the brain
|
carotid canal
|
|
large irregular opening just medial to the styloid process. blood from the brain drains thru this formane into the internal jugular vein of the neck
|
jugular foramen
|
|
where the skull rests on the bertebral column
|
occipital condyle
|
|
hypoglossal nerve passes thru this to supply the muscles of the tongue
|
hypoglossal canal
|
|
nuchal ligament
|
binds skull to vertebral column
|
|
attachment for nuchal ligament
|
external occipital protuberance
|
|
permits passage of optic nerve and opthalmic artery
|
optic foramen
|
|
a pair of bony spines of the lesser wing on the sphenoid bone that gaurd the optic foramina.
|
anterior clinoid processes
|
|
houses the pituitary gland
|
hypophyseal fossa
|
|
bone located between the eyes
|
ethmoid bone
|
|
forms roof of nasal cavity
|
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
|
|
an attachment point for the meninges that enclose the brain
|
crista galli
|
|
large mass on each side of the perpendicular plate; houses ethmoid sinus;
|
labyrinth
|
|
bones that have no direct contact with brain or meninges
|
facial bones
|
|
how many facial bones are there?
|
14
|
|
largest facial bones
|
maxillae- upper jaw
|
|
alveolar processes
|
small points of maxillary bone that grow into the spaces btw the bases of the teeth
|
|
alveolus
|
holds the root of each tooth
|
|
failure of palatine processes to join at intermaxillary suture
|
cleft palate; often accompanied by a cleft lip
|
|
smallest bones of the skull
|
lacrimal bones
|
|
septal cartilage
|
forms most of the anterior part of the nasal septum
|
|
coronoid process
|
point of insertion for the temporalis muscle which pulls the mandible upward when you bite.
|
|
bones associated with the skull but not part of it.
|
auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes. the hyoid bone: uner chin.
|
|
serves for attachment of several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx
|
hyoid bone
|
|
spaces between the unfused cranial bones in an infant
|
fontanels
|
|
primary curvatures
|
the thoracic and pelvic curvatures; they were there from birth.
|
|
secondary curvatures
|
cervical and lumbar curvatures; develop later in the child's first few years of crawling and walking
|
|
mass of spongy bone and red bone marrow covered with a thin shell of compact bone.
|
body of vertebrae
|
|
an exaggerated thoracic curvature common in old age
|
kyphosis
|
|
an exaggerated lumbar curvature common in pregnancy and obesity
|
lordosis
|
|
passage for the spinal cord
|
vertebral canal
|
|
how many intervertebral discs are there?
|
23
|
|
the articulation between the atlas and the cranium
|
atlantooccipital joint
|
|
the articulation btw the atlas and axis is
|
atlantoaxial joint
|
|
provide attachment for the ribs
|
costal facets
|
|
provides attachment for abdominal muscles
|
xiphoid process
|
|
ligament attachment on the clavicle
|
conoid tubercle
|
|
provides attachment for tendons of the biceps brachii and other mucles of the arm
|
coracoid process
|
|
shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint
|
glenoid cavity
|
|
brachium
|
extends from shoulder to elbow; the humerus
|
|
antebrachium
|
the forearm
|
|
carpus
|
wrist
|
|
manus
|
hand
|
|
lateral distal end of humerus that articulates with radius
|
capitulum
|
|
medial end of humerus that articulates with ulna
|
trochlea
|
|
protects the ulnar nerve, is known as the funny bone
|
medial epicondyle of humerus
|
|
ligament that attaches the radius and ulna
|
interosseous membrane
|
|
a sesamoid bone that is not present at birth but develops around age 9-12 within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
|
pisiform
|
|
carpal bones of proximal row
|
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform
|
|
carpal bones of distal row
|
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
|
|
pollex
|
thumb
|
|
an entry into the lesser plevis thru which an infants head passes during birth
|
pelvic inlet
|
|
the most anterior portion of the hip bone
|
pubis
|
|
the pelvis is the most _______ part of the skeleton. (the one whose anatomy most differs btw the sexes)
|
sexually dimorphic
|
|
crural region
|
extends from knee to ankle; contains tibia and fibula
|
|
the longest and strongest bone of the body
|
femur
|
|
orthopedic surgeons sometimes remove part of this bone and use it to replace damaged bone somewhere else
|
fibula
|
|
largest bone of ankle that forms the heel
|
calcaneus
|
|
the big toe
|
hallux
|
|
pes planus
|
excessive weight, repetitious stress or congenital weakness of the ligaments can stretch the arches, resulting in flat feet or fallen arches
|
|
when the anulus fibrosus cracks, the nucleus polposus leaks out, puts pressure on the nerves causing a ____
|
herniated disc
|
|
spinal nerves shoot out left to right in the _____ foramen
|
intervertebral foramen
|
|
what are the three basins of the brain?
|
frontal, temporal, and occipital
|