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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Crackles are heard in:
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most common in dependant lobes: right and left lung bases
Cause: Random, sudden renflation of groups of alveoli;disruptive passage of air through small airways Character: Fine crackles are high-pitched fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds heard during end of inspiration, usually not cleared with coughing. Medium crackles are lower, more moist sounds heard during middle of inspiration; not cleared with coughing. coarse crackles are loud, bubbly sounds heard during inspiration; not cleared with coughing. |
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Rhonci (sonourous wheeze):
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Primarily heard over trachea and bronchi; if loud enogh, you are able to hear over most lung fields
cause: muscular spasm, fluid, or mucus in larger airways, new growth or external pressure causing a turbulence. |
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Wheezes (sibilant wheeze)
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Heard over all lung fields
Cause:High velocity airflow through severely narrowed or obstructed airway |
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Pleural friction rub:
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Heard over anterior lateral lung field (if client is sitting upright)
Cause:inflamed pleura, parietal pleura rubbing against visceral pleura character: Has dry, rubbing, or grating quality heard during inspiration or expiration; does not clear with coughing; heard loudest over lower lateral anterior surface. |
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Normal Breath Sounds:
Vesicular |
Vesticular sounds are soft, breezy, and low pitched. Inspiratory phase is 3 times longer than expiratory phase.
LOcation: best heard over lung's periphery (except over scapula) Origin: created by air moving through smaller airways |
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Bronchovesicular:
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Bronchovesicular sounds are blowing soundss that are medium pitched and of medium intensity. Inspiratory phase is equal to expiratory phase.
Location: Best heard posteriorly between scapulae and anteriorly over bronchiaoles lateral to sternum at first and second intercostal spaces . Origin: Created by air moving through large airways. |
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Bronchial:
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Bronchial sounds are loud and high pitched with hollow quality. Expiration lasts longer than inspiration (3:2) ratio.
Location: heard only over trachea. Origin: Created by air moving through trachea close to chest wall. |
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Know Anatomical Landmarks in Relation to Anterior and Posterior
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page 592 & 593 P&P
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Lobes of Lungs
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p 305 Weber
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Involuntary control of respiration:
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Medulla and pons of brain stem
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Respiration depth;
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refers to the amount of air moved between each breath.
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Describe the techniques used in a respiratory assessment.
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Inspection-looking for labored breathing, barrell chest, pigeon chest.
Palpation-tenderness both hands. start toward midline of level of left scapula over apex of lung. compare findings bilaterally. percussion-finger, or ulner part of hand. Ausculation-stethescope-listening for breath sounds. |