Test 1 Unit 2 Cells

Front 1

what does the plasma membrane do and what is it made of?

Back 1

composed of phospholipids and proteins and regulates substances going in or out of the cell it protects

Front 2

what is passive membrane transport

Back 2

a process that occurs without the use of ATP

Front 3

what is bulk flow

Back 3

the mass movement of water and dissolved solutes. ie. blood giving water and glucose to tissues

Front 4

what is diffusion

Back 4

the movement of molecules from regions of high conc. to regions of low concentration until eq. is reached

Front 5

what is osmosis

Back 5

the movement of water from high conc. to low conc. across a semi-permeable membrane.

Front 6

what is facilitated diffusion

Back 6

movement of molecules through a transport protein on the cell membrane. this does not require ATP

Front 7

what is active transport

Back 7

movement of molecules through a transport protein on the cell membrane. does require ATP. ie.
kidney cells moving sodium

Front 8

what is Endocytosis

Back 8

a process by which cell take in substances using vesciles. could be a polypep or sacharride

Front 9

what is pinocytosis

Back 9

a form of endocytosis. viscles form around liquids or small particles

Front 10

what is phagocytosis

Back 10

form of endocytosis. viscles form around large particles.

Front 11

what is exocytosis

Back 11

visicles fuse with the plasma membrane, secretion occus, our panceatic cells realease digestive enzymes by exocytosis

Front 12

can electrically charged particles move across a non polar membrane?

Back 12

No

Front 13

what is microvilli- specializations of the plasma membrane

Back 13

Cytoplasmic extensions of the cell membrane that increase surface area.
epithelial cells in the intestine contain microvilli that increase the absorption of digestive products

Front 14

what are tight junctions-specialization of the plasma membrane

Back 14

long lasting permanent connnections between cells. tight junctions are found in cells lining the digestive tract, the prevent leakage of nutrients between the cells

Front 15

what are communicating junctions?

Back 15

Consist of proteins that form channels between cells. They transport simple sugars and amino acids between cells.

Front 16

what is Desmosomes

Back 16

These protein anchoring junctions connect the cytoskeletons between cells. They resist stress and are found in muscle and skin epithelium.

Front 17

what are prokaryotes?

Back 17

Small cells with free floating DNA, no nuclear membrane or internal compartments for enzyme reactions. They have strong cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, a cell membrane, flagella, and a nucleoid region with DNA. Bacteria are prokaryotes. Most are single-celled and reproduce by binary fission.

Front 18

what are Eukryotes

Back 18

Larger cells with a nuclear membrane encasing their DNA. They contain organelles that are sites for enzymatic reactions, and they reproduce by mitosis. Eukaryotes may be single-celled or multicelled organisms. Protists, fungi, plants, and animals are eukaryotic.

Front 19

what is a the nucleus of a cell and its function

Back 19

Spherical, surrounded by a double membrane that contains chromosomes. The nucleus is the control center of the cell that directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction.

Front 20

what is the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell and its function

Back 20

A network of internal membranes that participates in protein and lipid synthesis. Products are carried in vesicles.

Front 21

what is the Golgi Apparatus of a cell and its function

Back 21

Stacks of flattened vesicles that packages and ships proteins and lipids from the ER.

Front 22

what are the lysosomes of a cell and there purpose

Back 22

Vesicles from the golgi apparatus that carry digestive enzymes. The break down food products and worn-out organelles.

Front 23

what is the mitochondria of a cell and what's its purpose

Back 23

acs with a double membrane. They metabolize glucose and are the sites of energy reactions.

Front 24

what are the plastids of a cell and there function

Back 24

Oval-shaped organelles in plant cells that either serve as sites of photosynthesis or starch storage sites. Chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and amyloplasts are plastids.

Front 25

what is the cell wall of a cell and its function?

Back 25

These structures help protect the cell, maintain its shape, and prevent excessive uptake of water. The polysaccharide peptidoglycan is found in bacteria; plants, fungi, and most protests also have cell walls outside of their cell membrane.

Front 26

what is the cytoskeleton a cell and its purpose

Back 26

A network of protein fibers in the cell that support and give it shape. They fibers constantly form and disassemble. They also anchor organelles.

Front 27

what is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Back 27

such as plants and algae that make their organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials; heterotrophs live on the energy that autotrophs produce, they feed on others. Animals, fungi, most protists, and bacteria are heterotrophs.

Front 28

animal tissue... what is epithelium and function

Back 28

This tissue covers surfaces such as our body cavities, digestive tract, and makes up our skin. The epidermis of the skin protects us.

Front 29

annimal tissue... what is connective tissue and its function

Back 29

This tissue supports us, reduces friction, and connects structures. Loose connective tissue supports our skin, bone protects internal organs, cartilage is found in our discs, and blood delivers oxygen to our cells.

Front 30

animal tissue... what is nerve tissue

Back 30

This tissue receives, produces, and conducts electrical signals. Neurons and neuroglia cells (these support and insulate neurons) make up nerve tissue.

Front 31

annimal tissue... what is muscle tissue

Back 31

Muscle cells are the motors of the body, they contract helping us move, digest food, and pump blood. Cardiac tissue is found in the heart.

Front 32

plant tissue- what is the epidermal

Back 32

Forms the outer protective covering in plants, one cell thick

Front 33

plant tissue... what is vascular tissue

Back 33

Conducting tissue in stems. Xylem conducts water and dissolved minerals, phloem conducts carbohydrates.

Front 34

plant tissues... what is parenchyma

Back 34

A type of ground tissue or filler tissue. Thin-walled cells that function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

Front 35

The process where living organisms maintain a relatively stable internal condition is

Back 35

Homeostasis is the process that allows living organisms to maintain a relatively stable internal condition.

Front 36

Populations of organisms change over the course of many generations. Many of these changes result in increased survival and reproduction. This phenomenon is

Back 36

Biological evolution refers to the changes that populations of organisms will accumulate over many generations.

Front 37

All of the places on the Earth where living organisms are found is the

Back 37

The biosphere encompasses all the land, air and water where living organisms are found.

Front 38

The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. The name Homo is the _____ to which humans are classified.

Back 38

Humans are classified in the genus Homo.

Front 39

The complete genetic makeup of an organism is called

Back 39

The genome is an individual’s complete genetic makeup.

Front 40

Back 40

khafre
Old Kingdom 2570-2544 BCE
made of diorite
5' 6"
rigid, steadfast, forward, generic, not naturalistic
resting place for the Ka