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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 Radiographic qualities?
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Density
Contrast Recorded Detail Distortion |
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What are the 2 Photographic Qualities?
a. Recorded Detail & Distortion b. Recorded Detail & Contrast c. Density & Distortion d. Density & Contrast e. None of the above |
d. Density & Contrast
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What are the 2 Geometric Properties?
a. Recorded Detail & Distortion b. Recorded Detail & Contrast c. Density & Distortion d. Density & Contrast e. None of the above |
a. Recorded Detail & Distorition
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What is the overall blackness of the image?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
a. Density
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Which of these is controlled by the quantity of x-rays produced?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
a. Density
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Too much density makes the image_____.
Not enough density makes the image ____. |
Dark; too light
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What is the the number of black, white, & gray tones?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
b. Contrast
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Which of these is controlled by the energy of the x-rays?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
b. Contrast
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What is the overall sharpness of the image?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
c. Recorded Detail
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Recorded detail is controlled by what 7 things?
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1 SID: Source to Image Distance
2 OID: Object to Image Distance 3 Focal Spot Size 4 Screen (Cassette) 5 Film 6 Contact: Need film to be tight inside cassette for better image 7 Motion (of the patient-none is best) |
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What is the misrepresentation of the true size/shape of the image compared to the object?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
d. Distorition
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Which of these is controlled by the distance between the x-ray tube, patient, & film, & the alignment of the x-ray tube, patient, and film?
a. Density b. Contrast c. Recorded Detail d. Distortion |
d. Distortion
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What are the names of the 2 factors that control & Influence Radiographic Quality?
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Primary factors & Secondary Factors
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The factors that control Radiographic Quality are called ___.
a. Primary Factors b. Secondary Factors c. Neither |
a. Primary Factors
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The factors that influence/affect Radiographic Quality are called ___.
a. Primary Factors b. Secondary Factors c. Neither |
b. Secondary Factors
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If a radiograph is produced distorted, the image will appear ____.
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different from the actual object
(either larger than the actual object or not the same shape as the object) |
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If the radiograph is produced with poor radiographic detail, the image will appear ___.
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Blurry
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Milliampere-seconds.
The milliamperage (current in x-ray tube) multiplied by the exposure time. |
mAs
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___ determines the quantity of x-rays produced and the amount of density on the film.
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mAs
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___ is a controlling factor of Density.
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mAs;Milliampere-seconds
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Kilovolts peak
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kVp
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___ determines the energy of the x-ray beam
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kVp: Kilovolts peak
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____ is a controlling factor of contrast but a affecting factor of Density.
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kVp: Kilovolts peak
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The distance from the x-ray tube to the film.
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The source imaging distance (SID)
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___ is a affecting factor for Density, Distortion, & Recorded detail.
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SID
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____: development of the film. It makes the image visible.
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Processing
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___ is an affecting factor for Density & Contrast.
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Procesing
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___ a sheet of plastic coated with a photographic emulsion (image is formed on this)
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Film
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__ is an affecting factor for Density, Recorded Detail, Contrast, & its alignment is an affecting factor for Distortion.
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Film
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__ is a piece of plasti coated with phosphors; the phosphors light up when struck by x-rays; the light forms the image on the film; & the __ is located in the cassette (film holder) along with the film.
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Screen
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___- a device that absorbs x-rays & improves contrast; it is made of a layer of lead strips covered with aluminum
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Grid
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___- The collimator; adjusts the size of the area of radiation
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Beam Restriction
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___- used with the x-ray tube; absorbs low energy rays.
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Filtration
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____- Disease Conditions
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Pathology
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___- is the distance between the film and the part inside the patient that is being examined.
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OID- Object to Image Distance
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___- the x-ray that is in the exact center of the x-ray beam
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Central Ray (CR)
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___- the place on the anode of the x-ray tube where x-rays are produced.
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Focal Spot
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___- the place inside the cassette where the intensifying screen & film meet.
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Contact
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____- Movement of the patient during the exposure; this blurs the image
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Motion
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What are the 2 electrodes of the x-ray tube?
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Anode
Cathode |
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What are the 2 types of housing inside of the x-ray tube?
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The Glass Envelope
The Metal housing |
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___ is the Negative Electrode.
___ is the Positive Electrode. |
Cathode-Negative
Anode-Positive |
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The Cathode contains what 2 things?
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2 Filaments & Focusing cup
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___- A tiny wire made of tungsten & shaped into a coil.
(Cathode) |
Filament
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___- surrounds the filament on 3 sides.
(cathode) |
Focusing cup
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____- is a disc made of molybdenum & coated with tungsten, which has a little rhenium added to it.
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Anode
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The anode rotates while the x-rays are being produced so that the production of x-rays takes place all around the edge of the anode in an area called ____.
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Focal Track
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The Glass housing surrounds the inside parts of the x-ray tube & it is made of ___.
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Pyrex with lead added to it
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The thin spot in the glass housing is called the ___.
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Window
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The x-ray beam is produced at the ____.
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Anode
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The x-ray beam first exits from the tube through the ___ before it travels towards the patients' body.
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Window
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___ is built on the outside of the glass envelope & is built to protect it.
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Metal Housing
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When a radiographer looks at the x-ray machine, they see the ___.
a. Glass Envelope b. Metal Housing c. 2nd Metal covering over metal housing |
b. Metal housing
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The x-ray tube sits ____ the collimator box.
a. Above b. Beside c. Below d. Inside |
a. Above
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X-rays are produced inside the ___ after a chain of events involving the filament, focusing cup, & anode.
a. Anode b. Cathode d. X-ray Tube c. Collimator Box |
d. X-ray Tube
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The term for the radiation that leaves the x-ray tube & is directed at the patients body is:
a. primary radiation b. scattered radiation c. exit radiation d. secondary radiation |
a. primary radiation
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Which of these is NOT a property of x-rays?
a. they are invisible b. they are highly penetrating d. they are heterogeneous |
b. they are all the same energy
(they are many different types of energy) |
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Which of these is NOT true about eh production of x-rays?
a. the filament gets heated by current b. electrons are freed from the filament c. electrons move at high speed to the anode d. most electrons penetrate the anode |
d. most electrons penetrate the anode
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Which of these have tungsten in them?
1 filament 2 focusing cup 3 glass housing 4 Anode a. 1 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 |
c. Filament & Anode
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The ability of phosphors to light up when hit by x-rays are called
a. ionization b. thermionic emission c. fluorescence d. isotropic emission |
c. fluorescence
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During the exposure, the focusing cup gets a strong ___ charge & the anode gets a strong __ charge.
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Negative: Positive
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The Negatively charged electrons sitting in their group just beyond the filament.
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The space charge
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The space charge is repelled by the ___.
This causes the electrons to leave the filament as a group & shoot over to the anode. |
Focusing cup (negative)
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The high speed of travel for the electrons gives them a large amount of ___.
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Kinetic Energy (Energy of motion)
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The ___ helps the electrons hit the anode in a small area.
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Focusing Cup
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The actual place that the electrons hit on the surface of the anode is ____.
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the target
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The Target area is made of ___.
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Tungsten
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The size of the area that the electrons hit on the anode is called the __.
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Focal Spot
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The size of the focal spot helps control the radiographic quality of _____.
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Recorded Detail
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A ___ focal spot produces better recorded detail on a radiograph.
a. Large b. Small |
b. Small
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___- when the x-rays are produced at the focal spot & they fly off in all directions (A spherical pattern).
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Isotropic Emission
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The radiation that still gets through the housings & the anode disc which absorbs the unnecessary radiation is called __.
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Leakage Radiation
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Less than __% of the energy from the electrons slamming into the anode at high speed is produced into an x-ray.
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1%
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Describe the Production of x-rays.
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When the unit is turned on, the filament of the cathode is heated to incandescence (a white-hot glow), causing it to emit electrons. When high voltage is applied, these electrons are drawn across the opening and collide with the focal spot of the anode target resulting in the production of x-rays.
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What are the 9 Properties of x-rays?
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1. x-rays travel in straight lines & diverge from their point of origin at the focal spot
2. x-ray photons have many different energies 3. x-rays are highly penetrating 4. x-rays are invisible 5. x-rays travel at the speed of light 6. x-rays produce scattered radiation 7. x-rays affect radiographic film 8. x-rays cause some materials to fluoresce 9. x-rays cause biological damage |
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___- a tiny particle of energy
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Photon
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___ means the energy of each photon in the x-ray beam can be different.
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Heterogeneous/Polyenergetic
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___- is the x-ray beam directed toward the patient's body
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Primary beam
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___- photons that pass through the patients body & enter the film, creating density.
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Exit radiation
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___- photons that hit something in the patient's body, bounce off, & fly out in a new direction.
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Scattered radiation
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Scatter reduces radiographic ___.
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contrast
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X-rays can cause certain materials called ___ to glow or light up. This glowing is called ___.
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Phosphors; Fluorescence
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The cassette contains ___ that touch both sides of the film when the cassette is closed. ___ are coated with phosphors.
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Intensifying Screens
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The process of removing an electron from an atom is called ___.
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Ionization
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What is the overall blackness of a radiograph called?
a. Recorded Detail b. Density c. Contrast d. Distortion |
b. Density
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What is the difference between adjacent densities on the radiograph called?
a. Distortion b. Density c. Recorded Detail d. Contrast |
D. Contrast
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What is the misrepresentation of the true size or shape of the image as compared with the object called?
a. Distortion b. Contrast c. Density d. Recorded Detail |
a. Distoriton
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The positive side of the x-ray tube is the ____.
a. Cathode b. Anode |
b. Anode
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The negative side of the x-ray tube is the ___.
a. Cathode b. Anode |
a. cathode
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X-rays leave the tube at a spot called the ___.
a. window b. Target c. Focal spot d. none of the above |
a. Window
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Which part of the x-ray tube rotates?
a. cathode b. anode c. filament d. none of the above |
b. Anode
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The job of the anode is to:
a. repel electrons b. release electrons c. stop the electrons d. heat the filament |
c. stop the electrons
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The job of the filament is to:
a. repel electrons b. release the electrons c. stop the electrons d. heat the filament |
b. release the electrons
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What are the 4 radiographic qualities?
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1. Contrast
2. Density 3. Recorded Detail 4. Distortion |
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What is the speed of light?
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186,000 miles/second
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Where is the focal track found?
a. Anode b. Cathode |
a. anode
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Where is the filament found?
a. anode b. cathode |
b. cathode
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Where is the focusing cup found?
a. anode b. Cathode |
b. Cathode
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What are 3 of the 9 properties of x-rays?
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1 x-rays are invisible
2 x-rays travel at the speed of light 3 x-rays (photons) can be many different energies |
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What are the 2 parts of the cathode?
a. focusing cup & anode b. glass envelope & metal housing c. filament & focusing cup d. Focal spot & filament |
c. filament & focusing cup
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If the small filament is heated, which size focal spot would be produced?
a. small b. large c. neither |
a. small
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