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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The word critical in "critical thinking" refers to
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Using careful judgement or judicious evaluation
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A belief is worthy of acceptance when
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We have good reason to accept it
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An assertion that something is or is not the case is known as a
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Statement
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Critical thinking is systematic because it
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Involves distinct procedures and methods
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A group of statements in which some of them( the premises) are inteded to support another of them (the conclusion) is known as a(n)
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Argument
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Statements backed by good reasons are...
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Worthy of stong acceptance
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Words that frequently accompany arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present are known as
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Indicator Words
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Probably the best advece for anyone tring to uncover or dissect arguments is...
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Find the conclusion first
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The function of an explaination is to try to ...
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show why or how something is the way it is
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According to the text, if you passively accept beliefs that have been handed to you by your culture, than those beliefs are...
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Not really yours
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Tabula Rasa is Latin for
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"blank slate"
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Logic is concerned with
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the structure of arguments
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Critical thinking is concerned with...
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The structure and content of arguments
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Which of the following are premise indicators..
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since; because
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Which of the following are conclusion indicators...
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therefore
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In critical thinking, beliefs are evaluated by
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True
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Critical thinking makes you cynical and unimaginative..
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False
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statements, or claims, are either true, false, or neutral
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False
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In citical thinking, argument refers to a quarrel or debate
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False
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Statements given in support of another statement are called premises
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True
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In critical thinking , beliefs are evaluated by how well they are supported by reasons
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true
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Critical thinking makes you cynical and unimaginative
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false
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Statements, or claims, are either true, false, or neutral
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false
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In critical thinking, argument refers to quarrel or debate..
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False
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Statements given in support of another statement are called premises...
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True
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A colllection of statements, one of which is supported by the others is called an argument
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True
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A collection of statement that collectively describe how a mechanism or process functions is called an argument
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False
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A collection of statement that collectively describe how a mechanism or process function is called an explanation...
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True
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"Thou shalt not kill," is a statement
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False
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"That hat is much to big for you," is a statement
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True
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A forceful declaration of beliefs by experts constitutes an argument
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False
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A forceful declaration of beliefs by religious leaders does not constitute an argument
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True
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A forceful declaration of beliefs by government officials, when coupled with independently verfied evidence for these beliefs, constitutes an argument...
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True
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The following constitutes an ARGUMENT: I had to jump in whin i did, because if i had hesitated any longer the boat would have been crushed by the rocks, and me with it....
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True
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The following doesn't constitute an ARGUMENT: Frodo and Sam went straight for Mtn. Doom, because that was the last place where the lidless Eye of Sauron would seek them, especially when the armies of Aragorn were knocking at Mordors' front gate...
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False
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The following doesn't constitute an arugement: Every age, every condition of life, young or old, male or female, bond or free, has a different virtue: there are virtues numberles, and no lack of definitions of them...
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True
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A forceful declartation of government officials, when coulpled no publicly available evidence for these beliefs, still constitutes an argument...
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True
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The following constitutes an ARGUMENT: A man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know, for if he knows, he has no need to enquire, and if not, he cannot, for he does not know the very sugject about which he is to enquire
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True
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In good arguments, premises are always explicit
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False
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Depth of commitment to a belief is a reliable indicator of the truth of the statement
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False
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The unpopularity of an idea is a reliable indicator of the falsehood of the idea
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False
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The popularity of an idea is a reliable indicator of the falsehood of the idea...
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False
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The unpopularity of an idea is a reliable indicator of the truth of the idea
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False
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By itself, the unpopularity of an idea is irrelevant to the truth or falsehood of the idea...
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True
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By itself, the popularity of an idea is irrelevant to the truth of falsehood of the idea
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True
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Swearing on the bible before making statements guarantees the truth of those statements...
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False
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Swearing on 2 bibles before making statements doubles the probability of those statements
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False
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Swearing on a koran before making statements guarantees the truth of those statments...
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False
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Swearing on a bible in a US court of law before making statements guarantees that, if you make a false statements, and a falsehood of your statement is discovered, you will be charged with perjury...
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True
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In order to count as knowledge, claims need not be established beyond all possible doubt, but beyond all resonable doubt
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True
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"Many of the central problems of cognitive science are problems of induction, calling for uncertain inference form limited data," is a statement
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True
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A guidline that is not likely to help you escape self interested thinking is...
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Tell ppl. what they want to hear
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Philosopher Bertrand Russell claimed that the passionate holding of an opion is a sure sign of...
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A lack of reasons to support the opinion
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Statements backed by good reasons are...
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Worthy of stong acceptance
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A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that ...
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Do not support preferred claims or positions
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Subjective relativism is the idea that
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Truth depends on what someone believes
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According to the text, knowledge requires certainity
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False
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Doubt is always possible but not always reasonable
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False
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Psychological impediments to critical thinking are rare
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False
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There is something inherently wrong with accepting a claim that furthers your own interests...
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False
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Emotional protestations and rejections of relevant evidence often signal the inluence of self- interest on our thinking
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True
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Group thinking can gererate narrow- mindedness, resistance to change, and sterotyping...
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True
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Conclusions of deductive arguments are absolute in that either the conclusion is true or it is not. There is no sliding scale of truth of falsity
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True
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A strong inductive argument is intended to provide only support for its conclusion
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True
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A weak inductive argument is intended to provide only probable support for its conclusion
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True
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It is possible for the premises in a strong inductive argument to be true while the conclusion is false
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True
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A deductively valid argument has the kind of logical structure that garantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true
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True
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A deductive valid argument has the kind of logical structure that guarantees the falsehood of the conclusion if the premises are false
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False
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A good argument is a true argument, a bad argument is false
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False
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It is possible for a strong argument to have a false premises
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True
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It is possible for a strong argument to have a false conclusion
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True
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It is possible for a sound argument to have a false premises
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False
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It is possible for a sound argument to have a false conclusion
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False
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It is possible for a weak argument to have 2 false premises
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True
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It is possible for a strong argument to have 2 true premises and a false conclusion
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True
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A good argument can be inductive or deductive
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True
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A good argument can only be inductive
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False
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A good argument can only be deductive
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False
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A deductive argument can valid or invalid,but not both...
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True
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A deductive argument can be valid or sound, but not both
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False
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A deductive argument can be invalid and sound but not both
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True
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A statement can be valid or invalid but not both
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False
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A statement can be inductive , deductive but not both
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False
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An argument can be true or false, but not both
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False
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Deductively sound arguments are true
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False
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An argument can be true or false, but not both
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False
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If a deductively valid argument has a false conclusion, you can infer that at least one of the premises is false
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True
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When a claim is neither worthy of outright rejection nor deserving of complete acceptance, we should
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Porportion our beliefs to the evidence
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The idea that previous rolls of the dice can affect present and future rolls is known as the gambler's fallacy...
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True
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Confirmation bias does not affect scients
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False
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We generally have good reason to doubt advertising claims and to be wary of the advertising's persuasive powers
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True
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This is a statement of the fallacy of appeal to popularity: "Experts in one field can usually make trustworthy claims reguarding other fields."
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False
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Advertising's use of weasel often exemplifies Bacon's
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Idols of marketplace
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Most scientist agree that there is no single method. Different sciences use a variety of theoretical frameworks, database and measurement tools. Therefore simplistic reference to the scientific method is misguided
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Inductive
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You have to be a compassionate person to join the healthcare profession. After all, the rigors of pre- nursing program are not for the lazy, aht the challenges of the hospital are not for the faint of heart.
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Deductive
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we must not question our gov't. officials especially in matters of of war and national security. After all, they can't tell us all of what they know, and most of thier intelligence reports about international affairs are probably correct anyways
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Inductive
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A consequence of not thinking critically is a loss of personal freedom, If you passively accert beliefs that have been handed to you by your family and your culture, than those beliefs are not yours, If they are not yours. and you let them guide your choices and actions, then they not you are in charge of your life.
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Deductive
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Critical thinking matters because our lives are defined by our actions and choices, and our actions and choices areguided by our critical thinking, Critical thinking helps guide us toward beliefs that are worthy of acceptance, that can help us be successful in life, however we define success.
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Deductive
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A sample that is SELECTED RANDOMLY from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative is known as a
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Random sample
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A self- selecting sample is...
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Not likely to be represented
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Extra Credit 8. The probablity that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error is called the
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Confidence level
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In an argument by analogy, the more relevant similaities there are between the things being compared the more probable the ...
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Conclusion
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An inductive argument whose conslusion contains the causal claim is known as
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A causal argument
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