Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Electronegativity
|
Relative attractive power of an atom for electrons in a bond. F, O, Cl, Br, N, I, C, H, Na
|
|
Organic Chemistry
|
The attractive forces between hydrocarbons. When O/Cl/Br/N/I (the negative elements) covalently bond with C & H (the positive elements)
|
|
Electronegativity Difference
|
Anything greater than 1.5 is Ionic and anything less than 1.2 is covalent
|
|
Octet Rule
|
An atom becomes low energy (stable) when it has access to 8 valence electrons. (Only 2 for H) Only the atoms in period 3 or higher. An exceed the octet rule since they have D orbital available. Ex) C, N, O can have a max of 8 electrons = 4 bonds.
|
|
Lewis Structure
|
Drawing the bonding arrangements: 1) add up the valence electrons Ex) SOCl2 = (6+6+(7*2)) = 26 electrons 2) Decide on bonding arrangement by having the least electronegative atom in the middle, then have the more electronegative atoms obey the octet rule by adding lone pairs 3) If there are any electrons remaining add as lone pairs to least electronegative atom 4) Check least electronegative atom for octet rule |
|
Formal Charge
|
The electron charge on an atom in a molecule relative to its ground state as element (group number) - [( number of bonds) + (number lone electrons)] Molecules all add up to a charge of zero |
|
Resonance
|
1) lone pairs can become double bonds 2) Double bonds can become different double bonds or lone pairs 3) The octet rule must be obeyed 4) Overall charge stays the same |
|
Condensed Structure
|
Written without showing all the individual bonds. Central atom is shown together with the atoms that are bonded to it. The atoms bonded to a central atom are listed after the central atom (carbon). If there are two or more identical groups parentheses and a subscript are used. Double and triple bonds are drawn out. 1) C = C are shown 2) C = O are not shown |
|
Skeletal structure
|
|