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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epithelial Tissue two functions?
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Provide covering and produce secretions (glandular tissue)
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Epithelial exists in what form..
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Sheets and doesn't have its own blood supply
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Epithelial Tissue is classified by 2 criteria:
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1. # of cell layers
2. Cell shape ` |
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Two types of Epithelial Tissue:
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1. Simple
2. Stratified |
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Simple
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1 layer of cells
*absorption, secretion, and filtration |
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Stratified
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more than one layer
-serves as protection |
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Shape of epithelial cells
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squamos, cuboidal, and columnar
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Connective Tissue
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connect different structures of the body
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Types of connective tissue?
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bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood vessel
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Muscle Tissue
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producing movement
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3 types of muscle tissue
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skeletal
cardiac smooth |
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Skeletal muscle
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supports voluntary movement
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Smooth muscle
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"involuntary movement" found in walls of hollow organs: intestines, blood vessels, bladder, and uterus
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Cardia Muscle
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heart only
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Nervous Tissue
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provides structure of brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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Capillaries
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transport blood from arteries to veins: where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, fluid and nutrients
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Right side of the Heart
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Tricuspid and pulmonary valves
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Left side of the Heart
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mitral and aortic valves
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Cilia
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tiny hairs in the bronchial tubes that keep airway clear by removing unwanted matter
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Alveoli
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tiny sacs that are surround by capillaries that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Inspiration
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muscle contracts to take in air
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Expiration
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diaphragm relaxes, and forced out of body
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Nervous System contains two systems:
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1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System |
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Central Nervous System
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Brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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Dived into autonomic nervous system and sensory-somatic nervous system.
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Autonomic nervous system
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controls automatic body functions: ex heartbeat and digestion
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Autonomic nervous system has two types of nerves:
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1. Sympathetic nerves
2. Parasympathetic nerves |
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Sympathetic Nerves
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Active when frightened or scared
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Parasympathetic Nerves
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Active when eating or at rest
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Sensory-Somatic Nervous System
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Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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Small intestines is made up of:
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Duodenum
Jejunum ileum |
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Enzymes
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chemicals that break down proteins, carbs, and fats into nutrients so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream
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Salivary amylase
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Chemical digestion of carbs (mouth)
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Stomach lining consists of what??
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mucus for lubrication, protease (protein digestion), hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
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Duodenum releases two hormones?
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secretin and CCK
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Secretin
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Travels to pancreas to release bicarbonate. Which neutralizes the stomach aid and helps further aid digestion
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Deductive Reasoning
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conclusions follow from general principles
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Inductive Reasoning
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arriving at general principles from specific facts
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Stomach lining secretes...
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protease (protein digestion), hydrochloric acid, and intrinsic factor ( increases the stomach absorption rate of B12
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Secretin
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travels to pancreas to trigger release of bicarbonate (neutralizes stomach acid)& futher aid in digestion
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CCK
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initiates bile release from gallbladder and while decreasing mobility and acid production
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Immune System defenses
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1. Innate (nonspecific)
2. Adaptive (specific) |
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Innate
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1st line of defense and 2nd line
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Adaptive
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3rd line of defense
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Innate 1st line:
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includes physical and chemical barriers (happens the same way every time)
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2nd line of defense
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fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, NK cells, interferons, chemotaxis, and release of cytokines
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phagocytosis
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engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells
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Natural Killer Cells (NK)
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produce perforins (pore-forming proteins) that target cancer and virus cells that cause these cells to lyse
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Interferons
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body's response to a viral infection and prevent replication of the virus 7-10 days (also activates NK and and macrophages)
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Chemotaxis
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leukocytes (white blood cells) respond to damaged body tissues..done in part with cytokines
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Cytokines
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chemical messengers that are released by damaged tissues
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Diapedesis
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process of white blood cells squeeze through capillary sites in response to cytokines
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Adaptive (3rd line)
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Humoral, antibody mediated, and cell-mediated responses
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antibody mediated
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include antibodies that are produced for specific for the invading antigen
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