Teas V English And Language Usage

Front 1

Adjective

Back 1

a descriptive word that modifies a noun or pronoun

Front 2

Adverb

Back 2

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb and indicates when, how, where, why, or how much

Hint 2

commonly end in -ly

Front 3

Article

Back 3

a word that is used to limit a noun, either indefinite (a and an) or definite (the)

Front 4

Clause

Back 4

a group of words that are related and contain both a subject and a verb

Front 5

Direct object

Back 5

the noun or pronoun that receives that action of the verb and answer the question whom, or what

Front 6

Noun

Back 6

a word for a person, place, or thing

Front 7

Object of the preposition

Back 7

the noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause to which the preposition refers

Front 8

Phrase

Back 8

a group of words that are related but do not contain a verb and a subject together

Front 9

Possessive pronoun

Back 9

a pronoun used to indicate ownership

Hint 9

first person - (singular) mine and my, (plural) our and ours
second person - (singular) your and yours, (plural) your and yours
third person - (singular) her, hers, his, and its, (plural) their and theirs

Front 10

Preposition

Back 10

a word such as by, at, to, or from that gives additional information, usually in relationship to something else in the sentence

Hint 10

The boy can sit ON the box, BY the box, ABOVE the box, BELOW the box, AROUND the box, or NEAR the box.

Front 11

Pronoun

Back 11

a word that replaces and refers to a noun

Front 12

Subject

Back 12

a noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb. If a sentence contains a verb of being or a linking verb such as be, feel, become, or look, the subject of the sentence is the noun or pronoun being described.

Front 13

Verb

Back 13

a word that shows an action or a state of being

Front 14

Auxiliary verb

Back 14

the use of a verb to add functional or grammatical content in addition to that information expressed via the main verb of the construction in which it appears

Hint 14

have is the auxiliary verb in have been

Front 15

Antecedent

Back 15

the noun that a pronoun refers back to

Front 16

Gendered language

Back 16

language that specifies male or female gender using words such as he or she

Hint 16

Frequently, people will use they or them as a singular pronoun to avoid using gendered language. This practice is increasingly common, but considered incorrect in most writing guides.

Front 17

Indirect dialogue

Back 17

tells about what someone said

Front 18

Direct dialogue

Back 18

tells exactly what someone said rather than telling about it

Front 19

Attributive tag

Back 19

part of a sentence that indicates who said a direct quote

Front 20

Point of view

Back 20

the perspective from which an author writes

Front 21

First person

Back 21

perspective in which the narrator is the one speaking, evidenced by the use of the first person pronoun I or we

Front 22

Third person

Back 22

perspective in which the narrator is distanced from the story and tells it as an outsider; third-person pronouns such as he, she, or they

Front 23

Second person

Back 23

perspective in which the writer directly addresses the reader using the pronoun you

Front 24

Coordinating conjunctions

Back 24

words that join two or more words, phrases, or clauses so that each conjoined element is equal. The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so (FANBOYS).

Front 25

Subordinating conjunction

Back 25

a word that joins two or more clauses and makes the clause that contains it dependent on another clause, and therefore of slightly less importance; there are many subordinating conjunctions, but some common ones are because, though, although, while, if, and as if

Front 26

Nominalization

Back 26

changing a verb, adverb, or adjective to a noun

Front 27

Active verbs

Back 27

verb that shows an action performed by the subject of the sentence

Front 28

Audience

Back 28

the person or people who will be reading the piece of writing

Front 29

Passive verb

Back 29

comprised of be plus a past participle that shifts the action of a sentence from the subject to the object

Front 30

Definition - clue context

Back 30

the definition of the unfamiliar word is given in the sentence.

Hint 30

Ex. In his woodworking, he used a type of file known as a RASP.

Front 31

Description - clue context

Back 31

a description of the unfamiliar word is given in the sentence

Hint 31

Allen is a MALCONTENT; he is constantly changing jobs, moving to different apartments, and trading in cars. He complains and expresses his dissatisfaction with every aspect of life.

Front 32

Example - clue context

Back 32

examples of the unfamiliar word are given in the sentence

Hint 32

The menu listed such DELICACIES as frog legs, octopi, and chocolate-flavored worms.

Front 33

Synonym - clue context

Back 33

a synonym of the unfamiliar word is given in the sentence

Hint 33

The OPHTHALMOLOGIST, or eye doctor, prescribed eyedrops.

Front 34

Antonym - clue context

Back 34

an antonym of the unfamiliar word is given in the sentence

Hint 34

Unlike the sophisticated life in the city, life in Scottsville was a QUAINT existence.

Front 35

Comparison - clue context

Back 35

a comparison is used in the sentence that helps give meaning to the unfamiliar word

Hint 35

Elliott is wealthy and generous as is his father, who is a PHILANTHROPIST.

Front 36

Contrast - context clue

Back 36

the unfamiliar word is contrasted to known words or phrases

Hint 36

The instructor would often DEVIATE from the topic, rather than remain focused on the subject he introduced at the beginning of the lecture.

Front 37

Explanation - context clue

Back 37

the unfamiliar word is defined in the sentence through an explanation of a situation

Hint 37

He was awarded a degree POSTHUMOUSLY; he died a month before graduation.

Front 38

Word structure

Back 38

the way in which the parts of a word are arranged together

Front 39

Etymology

Back 39

the history of a given word or its origin

Front 40

Root word

Back 40

a word in its simplest form, before any affixes are attached

Front 41

Prefix

Back 41

a group of letters added to the beginning of a word that modifies or extends the word's meaning

Front 42

Suffix

Back 42

a group of letters added to the end of a word that modifies or extends the word's meaning

Front 43

Prefix
un-

Back 43

not

Hint 43

unavailable, unarmed, unattractive

Front 44

Prefix
re-

Back 44

again

Hint 44

reacquaint, readjust

Front 45

Prefix
in-

Back 45

not

Hint 45

invisible, inaccurate

Front 46

Prefix
dis-

Back 46

not

Hint 46

disorganized, disagreeable

Front 47

Suffix
-ia, -y

Back 47

state or condition

Hint 47

amnesia, democracy

Front 48

Suffix
-ic, -ical, ac-

Back 48

having to do with

Hint 48

endoscopic, physical, cardiac

Front 49

Suffix
-ism

Back 49

belief in

Hint 49

nationalism, activism

Front 50

Suffix
-ology

Back 50

the study of

Hint 50

archeology, bacteriology

Front 51

Suffix
-or, er

Back 51

one who takes part in

Hint 51

conductor, reporter, fighter

Front 52

Root
arch

Back 52

ruler

Hint 52

archenemcy, tetrarch, hierarchical

Front 53

Root
audio

Back 53

sound

Hint 53

audiovisual, audiocassette

Front 54

Root
bio

Back 54

life

Hint 54

biochemistry, biodegradable

Front 55

Root
chrom

Back 55

color

Hint 55

monochrome

Front 56

Root
geo

Back 56

earth

Hint 56

geometry, geode, geologic

Front 57

Root
graph

Back 57

written

Hint 57

biographic, calligraphy, mimeograph

Front 58

Root
morph

Back 58

form

Hint 58

endomorph, isomorphic, morphine

Front 59

Root
ortho

Back 59

correct

Hint 59

orthodontia, unorthodox

Front 60

Root
ped

Back 60

foot

Hint 60

backpedal, millipede

Front 61

Root
terra

Back 61

earth

Hint 61

terrace, terrarium, extraterrestrial

Front 62

Root
therm

Back 62

heat

Hint 62

exothermal, endothermic, geothermal

Front 63

Simple sentence

Back 63

a sentence that contains only one clause that has a complete meaning

Front 64

Independent clause

Back 64

a clause that has a complete meaning

Front 65

Dependent clause

Back 65

a clause that is made dependent or incomplete because of the addition of a subordinating conjuction

Front 66

Complex sentences

Back 66

a sentence that contains one or more dependent clauses

Front 67

Verbal

Back 67

a word that is sometimes a verb but not acting as a verb in a particular sentence

Front 68

Compound sentence

Back 68

a sentence containing two (or more) independent clauses joined together with a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon

Front 69

Paragraph

Back 69

a group of sentences that forms a cohesive whole due to its similar topic or theme

Front 70

Topic sentence

Back 70

generally at or near the beginning of a paragraph; gives the topic or point of the paragraph and often explains that topic in relation to the overall theme of the writing

Front 71

Transition

Back 71

smooth movement from one idea to the next, from one sentence to the next, or from one paragraph to the next

Hint 71

transition words include additionally, finally, similarly, next, however, and furthermore

Front 72

Support

Back 72

examples and details that explain the topic of a paragraph; follows the topic sentence

Front 73

Periodic sentence

Back 73

independent clause is delayed until the end of the sentence and is often preceded by parallel strings of modifiers

Front 74

Cumulative sentence
(loose sentence)

Back 74

contains an independent clause followed by a parallel string of modifiers; modifiers may be adjectives, prepositional phrases, or dependent clauses

Front 75

ie and ei words

Back 75

i before e, except after c- or when sounded like a as in words neighbor and weigh

Front 76

Suffixes for words ending in e

Back 76

If a word ends in a silent e and the added suffix BEGINS WITH A CONSONANT, then keep the letter e when adding the suffix.

If added suffix BEGINS WITH A VOWEL, then drop the letter e when adding the suffix

Front 77

Suffixes for words ending in y

Back 77

If a word ends with a y PRECEDED BY A VOWEL, keep the y adding a suffix.

If a word ends with a y PRECEDED BY A CONSONANT, change the y to an i before adding a suffix.

Front 78

Suffixes for words ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern

Back 78

If a word has ONE SYLLABLE and ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, then double the final consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel.

If a word has MORE THAN ONE SYLLABLE, BUT THE ACCENT IS ON THE LAST SYLLABLE, then double the final consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel.

Front 79

Suffixes for words ending in c

Back 79

If a word ends in a c and a suffix beginning with e, i, or y is added, then the letter k should be inserted following the letter c.

Front 80

Words ending in -ceed, -sede, and -cede

Back 80

In English there are four words that end in -ceed, and one word that ends in -sede. Other words with the same sound end in -cede.

Hint 80

-ceed
emceed
exceed
proceed
succeed

-sede
supersede

-cede
accede
antecede
concede
intercede
recede
retrocede

Front 81

Words ending in -able or -ible

Back 81

If the ROOT WORD IS A COMPLETE WORD, then add -able. (If the ROOT ENDS IN E, drop the e before adding -able.)

If the ROOT WORD IS NOT A COMPLETE WORD, then add -ible.

Front 82

Words ending in -ance, -ancy, -ant or -ence, -ency, -ent

Back 82

If the SUFFIX IS PRECEDED BY A HARD C OR G SOUND, then the suffix is -ance, -ancy, or -ant.

If the SUFFIX IS PRECEDED BY A SOFT C OR G SOUND, then the suffix is -ence, -ency, or -ent.

Front 83

Words ending in -tion, -sion, or -cian

Back 83

If the ROOT WORD ENDS IN -T, then the suffix -tion can be added.

If the ROOT WORD ENDS IN -S, then the suffix -sion can be added.

If A WORD NAMES A PERSON, then it should end in -cian.

Front 84

affect

Back 84

verb - to have an effect on

Front 85

effect

Back 85

noun - something that is brought about by a cause

Front 86

ascent

Back 86

noun - a slope that angles upward

Front 87

assent

Back 87

noun - agreement

Front 88

all ready

Back 88

adjective - everyone or everything is ready

Front 89

already

Back 89

adverb - by this time

Front 90

all together

Back 90

adjective - everyone in a group

Front 91

altogether

Back 91

adverb - entirely, completely

Front 92

altar

Back 92

noun - a structure used in worship

Front 93

alter

Back 93

verb - to change

Front 94

bear

Back 94

verb - to carry or support

Front 95

bare

Back 95

verb - to expose

Front 96

capital

Back 96

noun - a leading or governing city

Front 97

capitol

Back 97

noun - a building that houses a state's lawmakers

Front 98

cite

Back 98

verb - to use as an example; to quote

Front 99

site

Back 99

noun - a location

Front 100

complement

Back 100

noun - an element that completes

Front 101

compliment

Back 101

noun - a remark of appreciation

Front 102

council

Back 102

noun - a body of people assembled for advice

Front 103

counsel

Back 103

noun - advice

Front 104

descent

Back 104

noun - a slope that angles downward

Front 105

dissent

Back 105

noun - disagreement

Front 106

dying

Back 106

verb - ceasing to live

Front 107

dyeing

Back 107

verb - coloring a fabric

Front 108

forth

Back 108

adverb - forward in place or time

Front 109

fourth

Back 109

noun - the element in a series that is next after the third element

Front 110

principal

Back 110

noun - chief or leader

Front 111

principle

Back 111

noun - a belief or a rule of conduct

Front 112

stationary

Back 112

adjective - not moving

Front 113

stationery

Back 113

noun - paper for writing letters

Front 114

their

Back 114

adjective - belonging to them

Front 115

they're

Back 115

contraction of they are

Front 116

there

Back 116

adjective - in that place

Front 117

to

Back 117

preposition - indicates movement or intent

Front 118

too

Back 118

adverb - also

Front 119

two

Back 119

adjective - something that has two units

Front 120

whose

Back 120

adjective - belonging to whom

Front 121

who's

Back 121

contraction of who is

Front 122

your

Back 122

adjective - belonging to you

Front 123

you're

Back 123

contraction of you are

Front 124

Capitalize geographical locations

Back 124

such as cities, continents, counties, countries, islands, peninsulas, beaches, bodies of water, mountains, streets, parks, forests, canyons, dams, sections of the country or world, city streets, parks, and buildings

Front 125

Capitalize the cardinal direction and their compounds when they refer to particular regions

Back 125

Ex. West Canada
the South

Front 126

Capitalize the names of specific organizations, companies, institutions and government bodies

Back 126

Spanish Club (organization)
Ford Foundation (company)
University of New Mexico (institution)
Department of Defense (government body)

Front 127

Capitalize the names of historical events or documents, months, days of the week, special events, and calendar items.

Back 127

French Revolution (historical event)
Atlantic Pact (historical document)
August (Month)
Sunday (day of the week)
World Series (special event)
Christmas Eve (calendar item)

Front 128

Capitalize the names of nationalities, races, and religions

Back 128

Turkish (nationality)
African-American (race)
Muslim (religion)

Front 129

Capitalize the names of monuments, ships, planes, and awards

Back 129

Longfellow Monument (monument)
Mayflower (ship)
Purple Heart (award)

Front 130

Capital proper names and titles of rank or honor

Back 130

Dr. Larry Smith
General Marcus Clark
President Lincoln
J. Weston Walsch
Reverend John Thompson
Queen Elizabeth

Front 131

Capitalize words showing family relationship when they are parts of titles or when they can be substituted for proper nouns

Back 131

Uncle Elson
Cousin Li
Aunt Margaret

Front 132

Capitalize the main words in the titles of books and poems, plays, articles, musical compositions, chapters of books, etc.

Back 132

the New York Times (newspaper)
A Tale of Two Cities (play)
Computers for Dummies (book)
Moonlight Sonata (musical composition)

Front 133

Capitalize words referring to specific deities

Back 133

Lord
Savior
Messiah
Shiva
Yahweh
Shango
Osiris
Allah

Front 134

Capitalize the first word in every line of poetry and the first word of a complete quotation

Back 134

Twinkle, twinkle little star,
How I wonder what you are.

Mr. Jackson said, "You will always remember your high school days with fond recollection."

Front 135

Capitalize the names of season only if they are personified or are part of a specific event. Otherwise, they are not capitalized.

Back 135

(1) "Heralded in trumpet blare, comes Spring across the threshold in scented frock and maiden hair."

(2) My favorite season is summer.

(3) I can't wait for the Winter Olympics.

Front 136

Ellipses [...]

Back 136

used to suggest hesitation, attempts to conceal something, signal a trailing or unfinished thought, indicate difficulty in directly expressing oneself, or denote the omission of part of an original material within a quotation

Front 137

Commas [,]

Back 137

Any two words or phrases in a series of three or more should be separated by a comma.

When a dependent clause precedes an independent clause in a complex sentence, a comma should separate the two.

The introductory words yes and no should be set apart by commas.

Nonrestrictive phrases and nonrestrictive clauses (groups of words that do not contain information that is necessary to interpreting that meaning of the sentence) should be offset by commas.

Use commas to separate a quotation from interrupting text.

A comma should be used to separate a city from state. In text, a comma should also follow the state.

Commas should be used within dates to separate two textual elements or two numerical elements that appear next to each other.

Front 138

Semicolons [;]

Back 138

A semicolon may be placed between two related, independent clauses.

Use a semicolon to precede conjunctive adverbs, such as however or therefore, that connect sentences elements of equal rank.

When a sentence contains a series of elements that contain one or more commas, the division between the elements should be marked with a semicolon.

Front 139

Colons [ : ]

Back 139

A colon should be used to herald something that is to immediately follow an independent clause. Often, this information comes in the form of a list.

The colon should be used to separate the hour from the minute when expressing standard time.

A colon should follow the salutation of a formal letter.

A colon should be used between the title and subtitle of a book.

A colon should be used between the title and subtitle of a book.

A colon can be used between two independent clauses if the second explains, expands upon, or illustrates a point made in the first

Front 140

Hyphens [ - ]

Back 140

Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line when it is necessary for stylistic purposes and the entire word will not fit on one line. If this must be done, words should be divided between syllables and writers should avoid leaving fewer than three letters on either line. If possible, hyphenated words should be divided at the hyphen.

Use hyphens with spelled-out compounds numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine if they function as adjectives.

Use hyphens with fractions that are spelled out and used as adjectives.

A hyphen should be used to join any prefix to a proper adjective or noun.

Although many prefixes do not require the use of hyphens, there are some prefixes that should always be hyphenenated. Consult style guides for individualized, complete lists.

Hyphenate a compound adjective when it precedes the word it modifies and when doing so helps to clarify.

Use a hyphen to prevent confusion or awkwardness.

Front 141

Parentheses [ ( ) ]

Back 141

Parantheses are used to enclose supplementary or explanatory material that interrupts the main sentence.

If the material inside of a pair of parentheses is a question, then a question mark should be inserted within the parentheses. If the material is an exclamation, an exclamation point should be inserted inside within the parentheses. This applies regardless of where the parentheses are located within the sentence.

If the material withing a pair of parentheses is a complete sentence that is not located within another sentence, a period should be added before the closing parenthesis.