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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings. |
Acetylcholine (ACH) |
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-a compound that yields H+ ions in solution or a solution with the concentration of H+ exceeding OH. |
Acid |
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-situation in which the pH of the blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. |
Acid-base balance |
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-the row of elements below the periodic table, from thorium to lawrencium. |
Actinides |
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-a large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve fiber. |
Action potential |
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-membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided (e.g., solute pumping and endocytosis_ |
Active transport |
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-receive, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system. |
Adaptation |
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-molecular attraction between dissimilar molecules; attraction between water molecules and molecules that make up the inside of a xylem tube. |
Adhesion |
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-nerve fibers the release norepinephrine. |
Adrenergic fibers |
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- in the presence of oxygen. |
Aerobic |
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-nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the central nervous system. |
Afferent (sensory) nerve |
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-clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by cross-linking of antigen-antibody complexes. |
Agglutination |
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-muscle that bears the major responsibility for effecting a particular movement; a prime mover. |
Agonist |
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-the column of elements from lithium to francium. |
Alkali metals |
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-any of the alternative forms of a gene. |
Allele |
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-overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen. |
Allergy (hypersensitivity) |
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-a cluster of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity. |
Alpha particle |
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-fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo. |
Amnion |
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-energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances. |
Anabolism |
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-without the presence of oxygen. |
Anaerobic |
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-a hormone that controls male secondary sex characteristics, such as testosterone. |
Androgen |
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-an atom or molecule with a negative charge. |
Anion |
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-the negative electrode at which oxidation occurs. |
Anode |
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-a protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell (a daughter cell of an activated B lymphocyte) and binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin. |
Antibody |
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-refers to a solution with water as the solvent. |
Aqueous |
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-blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into circulation |
Arteries |
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-the junction of two or more bones. |
Articulation (joint) |
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-method of producing a new organism from only one parent by means of mitosis. |
Asexual reproduction |
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-the smallest amount of an element; a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. |
Atom |
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-the number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element. |
Atomic number |
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-the weight in grams of one mole of the chemical element; approximately the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
Atomic weight |
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-reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use. |
Atrophy |
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-equal volume of gases contain the same number of molecules. |
Avogadro's law |
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-neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conduction portion of a nerve cell. |
Axon |
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-able to kill bacteria. |
Bactericidal |
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-rate at which energy is expended (heat produced) by the body per unit of time under controlled (basal) conditions; 12 hours after a meal, at rest. |
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
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-a compound that yields OH ions in solution of a solution with the concentration of OH exceeding H+. |
Base |
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-an electron emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity. |
Beta particle |
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-force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls; difference in blood pressure between different areas of the circulation provide the driving force for blood circulation. |
Blood pressure |
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to a gas. |
Boiling point |
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-a network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for purpose of filtration. |
Bowman's capsule |
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-the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure. |
Boyle's law |
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-the branching air passages inside the lungs. |
Bronchioles |
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-chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions. |
Buffer |
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-a unit of energy, equal to 4.184 joules; the energy required to increase the temperature of 1.0g of water by one degree Celsius. |
Calorie |
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-the rising of a liquid in a small tube because of adhesive and cohesive forces. |
Capillary action |
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-organic compound containing carbon, dydrogen, and oxygen. The hydrogen-to oxygen ratio is 2:1. |
Carbohydrate |
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-a chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being chemically altered. |
Catalyst |
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-the positive electrode at which reduction occurs. |
Cathode |
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-an atom or molecule with a positive charge. |
Cation |
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-the volume of gas varies directly with temperature. |
Charles' Law |
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-green plant pigment that is found in chloroplast and is necessary for photosynthesis. |
Chlorophyll |
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-plant cell structures containing light-sensitive chlorophyll. |
Chloroplast |
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-transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via cardiovascular system |
Circulation |
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-descendants of a single cell. |
Clone |
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-nonprotein substance associated with and activating an enzyme, typically a vitamin. |
Coenzyme |
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-attraction between similar molecules (e.g., attraction between two water molecules). |
Cohesion |
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-suspension that does not separate on standing. |
Colloid |
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-pressure created in a fluid by large non-diffusible molecules, such as plasma proteins, that are prevented from moving through a (capillary) membrane; such substance tend to draw water to them. |
Colloidal osmotic pressure |
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-group of bacteria cells. |
Colony |
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-amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled. |
Complemental air |
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-a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. |
Compound |
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-the relative abundance of a solute in a solution. |
Concentration |
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-steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex. |
Corticosteroids |
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-seed leaf that stores food for a plant embryo of seed plants. |
Cotyledon |
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-atoms linked together by sharing valence electrons. |
Covalent bond |
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-the 12 nerve pairs that arise from the brain. |
Cranial nerves |
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-specially prepared nutritious substance used to grow experimental organisms. |
Culture medium |
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-the cellular material surrounding the nucleus and enclosed by the plasma membrane. |
Cytoplasm |
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-a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds or elements. |
Decomposition |
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-to lose wate. |
Dehydrate |
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-branching neurons that transmit the nerve impulse toward the cell body. |
Dendrite |
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-sugar formed by the combination of two simple sugar molecules. |
Disaccharide |
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-a nucleic acid found in all living cells which carries the organism's hereditary information. |
DNA |
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-the process that occurs before ell division and insures that all daughter cells have identical genes. |
DNA replication |
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-occur when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner |
Dominant traits |
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-the interaction of living organisms with their environment |
Ecosystem |
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-a conducting substance that connects an electrolyte to an external circuit |
Electrode |
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-an ionic substance that has high electrical conductivity. |
Electrolyte |
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-a light subatomic particle with negative charge; found in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus. |
Electron |
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-a substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means; each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus (for example, all atoms of hydrogen have 1 proton, and toms of oxygen have 8 protons). |
Element |
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-removing metabolic wastes from the body via renal system. |
Elimination |
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-early development of an animal or plant after fertilization; cylindrical structure with a seed the develops into a plant. |
Embryo |
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-suspension of two liquids which are incapable of mixing or attaining homogeneity. |
Emulsion |
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-ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood. |
Endocrine glands |
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-system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones. |
Endocrine system |
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-the concept of motion or heat. |
Energy |
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-protein catalyst; chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered. |
Enzyme |
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-a balanced condition resulting from two opposing reactions. |
Equilibrium |
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-red blood cells. |
Erythrocytes |
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-hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics; female sex hormones. |
Estrogen |
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-process of breathing out. |
Expiration |
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-internal fluid located outside cells. |
Extracellular fluid |
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-two laws of electrolysis relating the amount of substance to the quantity of electric charge. |
Faraday's Laws |
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-layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle. |
Fascia |
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration. |
Fermentation |
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei. |
Fertilization |
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration. |
Fermentation |
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration. |
Fermentation |
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth. |
Fetus |
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting. |
Fibrinogen |
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei. |
Fertilization |
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei. |
Fertilization |
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth. |
Fetus |
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth. |
Fetus |
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter. |
Filtrate |
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting. |
Fibrinogen |
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland. |
Follicle |
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting. |
Fibrinogen |
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter. |
Filtrate |
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter. |
Filtrate |
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males. |
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland. |
Follicle |
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland. |
Follicle |
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy. |
Free energy |
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males. |
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males. |
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy. |
Free energy |
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid. |
Freezing point |
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy. |
Free energy |
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid. |
Freezing point |
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid. |
Freezing point |
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied. |
Fulcrum |
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied. |
Fulcrum |
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied. |
Fulcrum |
