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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings.
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Acetylcholine (ACH)
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-a compound that yields H+ ions in solution or a solution with the concentration of H+ exceeding OH.
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Acid
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-situation in which the pH of the blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45.
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Acid-base balance
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-the row of elements below the periodic table, from thorium to lawrencium.
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Actinides
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-a large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve fiber.
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Action potential
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-membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided (e.g., solute pumping and endocytosis_
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Active transport
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-receive, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system.
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Adaptation
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-molecular attraction between dissimilar molecules; attraction between water molecules and molecules that make up the inside of a xylem tube.
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Adhesion
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-nerve fibers the release norepinephrine.
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Adrenergic fibers
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- in the presence of oxygen.
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Aerobic
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-nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the central nervous system.
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Afferent (sensory) nerve
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-clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by cross-linking of antigen-antibody complexes.
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Agglutination
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-muscle that bears the major responsibility for effecting a particular movement; a prime mover.
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Agonist
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-the column of elements from lithium to francium.
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Alkali metals
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-any of the alternative forms of a gene.
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Allele
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-overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen.
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Allergy (hypersensitivity)
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-a cluster of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity.
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Alpha particle
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-fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo.
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Amnion
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-energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances.
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Anabolism
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-without the presence of oxygen.
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Anaerobic
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-a hormone that controls male secondary sex characteristics, such as testosterone.
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Androgen
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-an atom or molecule with a negative charge.
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Anion
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-the negative electrode at which oxidation occurs.
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Anode
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-a protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell (a daughter cell of an activated B lymphocyte) and binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin.
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Antibody
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-refers to a solution with water as the solvent.
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Aqueous
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-blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into circulation
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Arteries
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-the junction of two or more bones.
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Articulation (joint)
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-method of producing a new organism from only one parent by means of mitosis.
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Asexual reproduction
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-the smallest amount of an element; a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons.
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Atom
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-the number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element.
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Atomic number
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-the weight in grams of one mole of the chemical element; approximately the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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Atomic weight
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-reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use.
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Atrophy
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-equal volume of gases contain the same number of molecules.
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Avogadro's law
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-neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conduction portion of a nerve cell.
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Axon
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-able to kill bacteria.
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Bactericidal
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-rate at which energy is expended (heat produced) by the body per unit of time under controlled (basal) conditions; 12 hours after a meal, at rest.
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Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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-a compound that yields OH ions in solution of a solution with the concentration of OH exceeding H+.
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Base
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-an electron emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity.
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Beta particle
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-force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls; difference in blood pressure between different areas of the circulation provide the driving force for blood circulation.
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Blood pressure
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to a gas.
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Boiling point
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-a network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for purpose of filtration.
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Bowman's capsule
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-the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure.
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Boyle's law
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-the branching air passages inside the lungs.
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Bronchioles
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-chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.
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Buffer
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-a unit of energy, equal to 4.184 joules; the energy required to increase the temperature of 1.0g of water by one degree Celsius.
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Calorie
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-the rising of a liquid in a small tube because of adhesive and cohesive forces.
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Capillary action
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-organic compound containing carbon, dydrogen, and oxygen. The hydrogen-to oxygen ratio is 2:1.
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Carbohydrate
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-a chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being chemically altered.
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Catalyst
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-the positive electrode at which reduction occurs.
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Cathode
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-an atom or molecule with a positive charge.
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Cation
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-the volume of gas varies directly with temperature.
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Charles' Law
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-green plant pigment that is found in chloroplast and is necessary for photosynthesis.
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Chlorophyll
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-plant cell structures containing light-sensitive chlorophyll.
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Chloroplast
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-transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via cardiovascular system
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Circulation
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-descendants of a single cell.
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Clone
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-nonprotein substance associated with and activating an enzyme, typically a vitamin.
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Coenzyme
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-attraction between similar molecules (e.g., attraction between two water molecules).
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Cohesion
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-suspension that does not separate on standing.
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Colloid
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-pressure created in a fluid by large non-diffusible molecules, such as plasma proteins, that are prevented from moving through a (capillary) membrane; such substance tend to draw water to them.
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Colloidal osmotic pressure
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-group of bacteria cells.
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Colony
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-amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled.
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Complemental air
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-a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
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Compound
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-the relative abundance of a solute in a solution.
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Concentration
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-steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex.
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Corticosteroids
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-seed leaf that stores food for a plant embryo of seed plants.
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Cotyledon
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-atoms linked together by sharing valence electrons.
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Covalent bond
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-the 12 nerve pairs that arise from the brain.
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Cranial nerves
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-specially prepared nutritious substance used to grow experimental organisms.
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Culture medium
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-the cellular material surrounding the nucleus and enclosed by the plasma membrane.
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Cytoplasm
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-a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds or elements.
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Decomposition
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-to lose wate.
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Dehydrate
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-branching neurons that transmit the nerve impulse toward the cell body.
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Dendrite
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-sugar formed by the combination of two simple sugar molecules.
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Disaccharide
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-a nucleic acid found in all living cells which carries the organism's hereditary information.
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DNA
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-the process that occurs before ell division and insures that all daughter cells have identical genes.
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DNA replication
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-occur when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner
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Dominant traits
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-the interaction of living organisms with their environment
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Ecosystem
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-a conducting substance that connects an electrolyte to an external circuit
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Electrode
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-an ionic substance that has high electrical conductivity.
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Electrolyte
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-a light subatomic particle with negative charge; found in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus.
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Electron
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-a substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means; each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus (for example, all atoms of hydrogen have 1 proton, and toms of oxygen have 8 protons).
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Element
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-removing metabolic wastes from the body via renal system.
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Elimination
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-early development of an animal or plant after fertilization; cylindrical structure with a seed the develops into a plant.
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Embryo
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-suspension of two liquids which are incapable of mixing or attaining homogeneity.
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Emulsion
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-ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood.
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Endocrine glands
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-system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones.
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Endocrine system
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-the concept of motion or heat.
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Energy
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-protein catalyst; chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered.
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Enzyme
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-a balanced condition resulting from two opposing reactions.
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Equilibrium
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-red blood cells.
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Erythrocytes
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-hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics; female sex hormones.
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Estrogen
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-process of breathing out.
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Expiration
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-internal fluid located outside cells.
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Extracellular fluid
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-two laws of electrolysis relating the amount of substance to the quantity of electric charge.
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Faraday's Laws
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-layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle.
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Fascia
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration.
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Fermentation
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.
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Fertilization
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration.
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Fermentation
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-release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration.
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Fermentation
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth.
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Fetus
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting.
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Fibrinogen
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.
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Fertilization
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-fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.
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Fertilization
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth.
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Fetus
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-developental stage extending from the ninth week of development to birth.
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Fetus
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter.
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Filtrate
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting.
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Fibrinogen
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland.
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Follicle
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-a blood protein that is converted to fibrin (a white, insoluble protein) during blood clotting.
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Fibrinogen
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter.
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Filtrate
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-liquid that passes through the pores in a filter.
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Filtrate
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males.
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland.
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Follicle
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-ovarion structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containg structure of the thyroid gland.
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Follicle
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy.
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Free energy
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males.
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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-hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males.
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy.
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Free energy
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid.
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Freezing point
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-the thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reactio to proceed; also called Gibbs free energy.
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Free energy
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid.
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Freezing point
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-the temperature at which liquid changes to solid.
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Freezing point
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied.
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Fulcrum
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied.
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Fulcrum
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-the fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied.
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Fulcrum
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