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327 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
circulatory system
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-consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels
-supports circulation and distribution of substances throughout the body -oxygen, hormones, and nutrients for instance |
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digestive system
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-starts from mouth, to the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus
-small intestines absorb nutrients -large intestines absorb water from waste -liver produces bile, which help break down fats -pancreas delivers enzymes to the small intestine which aid in digestion |
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endocrine system
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-controls bodily functions
-glands in the endocrine system secrete hormones from organs such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary, thalamus, adrenal, thymus, and thyroid |
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integumentary system
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-consists of skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails
-protects internal tissues from injury, waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temperature -serves as a barrier to pathogens |
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lymphatic system
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-consists of lymph nodes, lymph vessels that carry lymph, the spleen, the thymus, and tonsils
-supports the immune system by transporting white blood cells to and from lymph nodes |
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muscular system
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-consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscle to bone, and ligaments that connects bones to form joints
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nervous system
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-consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
-sensory receptors detect stimuli that can occur both inside and outside the body -nervous impulses are extremely fast, giving protection to withdraw from the stimuli before the message gets to the brain |
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reproductive system
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-main purpose is to produce offspring
-consists of the penis, testis, ovaries, vagina, and breasts -produce sperm for men, and produce eggs for women |
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respiratory system
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-keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body
-consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs -alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs |
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skeletal system
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-provides support and protection for the body
-consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints, all used in conjunction with muscles to create movement -storage for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus |
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urinary system
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-helps maintain water and electrolyte balance within the body
-regulate the acid-base balance of the blood -removes all nitrogen-containing wastes in the body |
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anatomical position
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a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
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superior
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toward the upper end of the body
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inferior
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toward the lower end of the body
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anterior
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toward the front of the body
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posterior
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toward the back of the body
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medial
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toward the middle of the body
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lateral
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toward the outer sides of the body
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intermediate
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between medial and lateral
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proximal
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close to the origin of the body part
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distal
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away from the origin of the body part
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superficial
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toward or at the body surface
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deep
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away from or below the body surface
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sagittal section
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cut made along a longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts
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midsagittal section
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sagittal section made down the median of the body
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transverse section
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cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions
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frontal section
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cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back regions
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dorsal body cavity
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contains the cranial cavity and spinal column
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ventral body cavity
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contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen
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adaptation
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receive, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system
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circulation
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transport oxygen and other nutrients to tissues via the cardiovascular system
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elimination
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remove metabolic wastes from the body via the renal system
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locomotion
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allow voluntary and involuntary movement of body via the musculoskeletal and neurological systems
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nutrition
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take in and break down nutrients to be used for metabolism via the digestive system
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oxygenation
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take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide via the respiratory system
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regulation
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hormonal control of body functions via the endocrine system
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self-duplication
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production of offspring via the reproductive system
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ways in which the organ systems interact
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1. maintaining boundaries
2. responding to environmental changes 3. moving 4. ingesting and digesting 5. growing 6. excreting 7. metabolizing |
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heart
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organ that contracts and pumps blood throughout the body
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arteries
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blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart to the capillaries
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veins
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blood vessels that transport blood from the capillaries back to the heart
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capillaries
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tiny blood vessels that transport blood from arteries to veins within the body
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describe the pathway of the respiratory system
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-air is inhaled through the nose into the trachea, passing into the right and left bronchial tubes
-air then travels into the alveoli -the oxygen is then transported by red blood cells into the bloodstream |
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lungs
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breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
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cilia
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hairs within the bronchial tubes, which keep the airways clean by removing unwanted matter from the lungs
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diaphragm
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abdominal muscle that contracts, pulls air into the lungs during inspiration
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inspiration
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the act of taking in oxygenated air
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expiration
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when the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is forced out of the body
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord (nervous system)
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peripheral nervous system
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cranial and spinal nerves that extend beyon the CNS
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autonomic nervous system
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controls automatic body functions, like heartbeat and digestion. includes sympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves
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sympathetic nerves
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active when a person is excited or scared
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parasympathetic nerves
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active when a person is eating or at rest
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sensory-somatic nervous system
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consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and associated ganglia
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ganglia
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collections of nerve cell bodies. controls voluntary actions, like talking and walking
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dendrites
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nerve cells that receive stimuli from the internal and external environment and bring those stimuli to the neurons for interpretation
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neurons
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specialized cells that make up the nervous system and transmit messages
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axon
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connects one neuron with another neuron over a fluid filled gap called a synapse
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synapse
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fluid filled gap that connects one neuron with another neuron
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stimuli
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maintains homeostasis within the body
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sensory neurons
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sensors that are on body parts that receive stimuli such as the face, fingers, and toes
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reflex
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when the body senses pain, the body withdraws from it. it sends a message to the spinal cord, which sends a message to the muscle before it sends a message to the brain
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sensory function
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feeling pain, heat, and other stimuli
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motor function
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serves to carry electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors
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effectors
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glands and muscles
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integrative function
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uses sensory information to make decisions by joining together sensory input with memories already stored within the brain
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peristalsis
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rhythmic contractions that propel food towards the colon and anus
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digestion
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the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods
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enzymes
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chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the intestine into the bloodstream
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salivary amylase
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enzyme from the parotid salivary glands that begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates
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chyme
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the mixture of food, chemicals, and enzymes in the stomach
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pyloric sphincter
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releases chyme from the stomach into the small intestine
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duodenum
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releases two hormones: secretin and CCK
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secretin
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triggers release of bicarbonate, which neutralizes the stomach acid entering the duodenum
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bicarbonate
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neutralizes the stomach acid entering the duodenum
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cholecystokinin (CCK)
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released from the duodenum, initiates bile release from the gallbladder
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gallbladder
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decrease motility and acid production
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villi/microvilli
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increases the surface area within the small intestine, helps in absorption
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colon
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absorption of water, formation of feces
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mouth
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the digestion of carbohydrates begins in the...
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peristalsis
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the propulsion of food through the GI tract
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immune system
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composed of both innate and adaptive defenses that are designed to protect the body from pathogens and other foreign invaders
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pathogens
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foreign invaders
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phagocytosis
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engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells
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perforins
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produced by natural killer cells that target cancer and virus cells
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lyse
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to rupture
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interferons
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body's response to a viral infection and prevent replication of the virus after 7 to 10 days
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chemotaxis
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method by which the leukocytes respond to damaged body tissues
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leukocytes
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white blood cells
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cytokines
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chemical messengers that are released by damaged tissues
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diapedesis
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the process of white blood cells squeezing through capillary slits in response to cytokines
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antibodies
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produced that are specific for the invading antigen
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antigen
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binds to B cells followed by binding with T-helper cells
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B cells
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types of lymphocytes or small leukocytes
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vaccine
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stimulates an actual infection by a pathogen
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T cells
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lymphocytes that triggers the action of other lymphocytes
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artificially acquired active immunity
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kind of immunity that is produced by a vaccine
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the physiological benefit of a mild to moderate fever
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enhances destruction of pathogens
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fertility rates
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the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years, which occur between the ages of 15 and 44
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less developed
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fertility rates are higher in this type of country
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religion, culture, economy, government, literacy, infant mortality rates, abortions, accessibility of family planning
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these are the following factor that may affect birth rates
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crude birth rate
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defined by the number of births per 1000 people per year
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crude death rate
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defined by the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
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immigration
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the act of an individual moving into a region or country to live
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emigration
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the act of an individual moving out of one region or country to live in another
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the 8 levels in the taxonomy hierarchy
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domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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Charles Darwin
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the first to study and write about species adaptation...discovered natural selection
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natural selection
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occurs when some individuals of a species are better able to survive in their environment and reproduce than others
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genes
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stretches of DNA on a chromosome that provide information for an organism's characteristics
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mutations
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changes in the DNA that affect the way a gene functions
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adaptation
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the concept that some individuals of a species are better able to survive and adapt to the environment in which they live
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA
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ribonucleic acid
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RNA
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nucleic acids
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to store and transmit hereditary information
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nucleotides
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a nucleic acid that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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pentose
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a type of sugar
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phosphate group
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a molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together
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nitrogenous base
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a molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells
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adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil
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the five types of nitrogenous bases
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purines
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adenine and guanine that have two rings
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pyrimidines
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thymine and cytosine that have one ring
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transcription
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a process where cells that copy the instructions in the DNA into RNA and send the messenger RNA to the ribosomes
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translation
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the process of protein production from messenger RNA
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prokaryotic
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this type of cell can exist independently of other cells
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cell wall
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a rigid layer that helps separate the inside and outside of the cell, and an inside plasma membrane that is semipermeable, allowing certain substances in and out of the cell as needed
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cytoplasm
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rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles
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organelles
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tiny organs
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nucleoid
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this organelle condensed DNA of the cell
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plasmids
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these organelles are small, circular portions of DNA not associated with the nucleoid
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ribosomes
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these organelles manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA messages
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flagella
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long and whip-like and project outward from the cell
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endoplasmic reticulum
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a tubular transport network within the cell
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golgi apparatus
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involved in the packaging and transport of proteins in the cell, including protein secretion
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vesicles
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these organelles are small membrane-bounded sacs within the cytoplasm
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vacuole
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basic storage unit of the cell that can hold various compounds
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lysosome
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this organelle contain digestive enzymes that are capable of disposing of cellular debris and worn cellular parts
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peroxisome
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this organelle functions to rid the body of toxic components, such as hydrogen peroxide
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mitochondria
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these organelles are the powerhouses of the cell because they are the location where the cellular fuel ATP is produced
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microtubules
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these organelles are cellular tracks that, during mitosis, form the mitotic spindle
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centrosomes
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microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
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nucleus
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a very large organelle in the central portion of the cell that is enclosed by a double membrane with pores in it...the control center of the entire cell
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nucleolus
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organelle that has a small body within the nucleus and functions to produce ribosomes that get moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins
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chloroplasts
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organelles that contain chlorophyll
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chlorophyll
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part of the chloroplast that allows the capture of sunlight to be used for production of glucose during photosynthesis
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false...the mitochondria is the site of ATP production in cells
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true or false...the nucleus is the site of ATP production in cells
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cytoplasm
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which of the following is present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
a) golgi apparatus b) endoplasmic reticulum c) mitochondrion d) cytoplasm |
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nucleoid, nucleus
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in prokaryotic cells, the DNA is located in the ___, and in eukaryotic cells, the DNA is found in the ___
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chromosomes
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these organelles contain sections called genes
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genes
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these contain information that specifies the production of proteins, which send messages within the cell and to other cells in the form of a code
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protein
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chain of amino acids
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chromosomes, genes
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___ are large structures of DNA that contain the ___, the blueprints for making an individual
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DNA
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the central dogma of biology states that ___ gives rise to RNA, which gives rise to protein
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embryo
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an animal or a plant in the early stages of development after fertilization
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-to form an embryo, a fertilized egg begins dividing and becomes a mass of cells called a zygote
-gastrulation occurs, in which individual tissue layers begin to form -the genes of each cell regulate the process of differentiation during all stages of development |
how do you form an embryo?
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stem cells
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these are produced as the process of differentiation occurs with cells in the developing embryo but can also occur in adults
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true
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true or false...cellular differentiation may occur in a developing embryo or in an adult
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hypothesis
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an explanation formulated to answer the questions being investigated
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1. identify the problem: observe and determine the problem to be investigated
2. ask questions: ask questions and attempt to formulate a solution to the problem 3. formulate a hypothesis: involves making predictions that follow from the initial statement of the problem |
how do you form a hypothesis?
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1. problem identification
2. question asking 3. hypothesis development 4. data collection and experimentation 5. analysis 6. conclusion |
list the six parts of a scientific argument
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subjective bias, results cannot be duplicated, etc.
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how does a scientific argument change over time?
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1. investigations are conducted to identify potential problems and to create solutions to those problems before they actually occur
2. the results of an investigation may also be of great value if existing procedures fail to solve a technical problem |
identify two reasons for conducting scientific investigations
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-the growth and use of the internet, to be able to share information across the globe and nationwide
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describe how mathematics and science have increased communication in the corporate world
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deductive reasoning
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a method whereby conclusions follow from general principles
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inductive reasoning
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a method of arriving at general principles from specific facts
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1. organism
2. organ systems 3. organs 4. tissues 5. cells 6. molecules 7. atoms |
list the hierarchy of the structure of the human body
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epithelial tissue
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this type of tissue serves two functions: it can provide covering or produce secretions
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false...epithelial tissue does NOT have its own blood supply
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true or false...epithelial tissue commonly exists in sheets and has its own blood supply
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simple epithelium
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this type of epithelial tissue is found in body structures where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur
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stratified epithelium
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this type of epithelial tissue serves as protection
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squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
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list the shapes of epithelial cells
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connective tissue
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this type of tissue serves to connect different structures of the body...has its own blood supply
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true
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true or false...connective tissue, like ligaments, do not have its own blood supply
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bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood vessel
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list the various types of connective tissue
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muscle tissue
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this type of tissue serves to producing movement
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skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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list the three types of muscle tissue
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skeletal muscle
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this type of muscle tissue supports voluntary movement since it is connected to bones in the skeletal system
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smooth muscle
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this type of muscle tissue is under involuntary control...is found in the walls of hollow organs, like intestines, blood vesels, bladder, and uterus
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cardiac muscle
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this type of muscle tissue is involuntary and is only found in the heart
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nervous tissue
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provides structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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nerves
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this is made up of specialized cells called neurons that send electrical impulses throughout the body
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mitosis
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the process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell
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interphase
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the S phase, G1, and G2 are all classified as what phase?
|
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during the G1 and G2 phases, the cell's DNA is available for transcription into RNA, which is necessary for the cell machinery to be able to make proteins and perform other cellular functions
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what happens during the gaps between mitosis and DNA synthesis (G1 and G2)
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G1 phase
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-during this interphase, the DNA double helix unwinds to expose the bases
-RNA bases pair w/ their complementary partners on the DNA to form the messenger RNA strand |
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S phase
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during this interphase, the DNA double helix unwinds w/ the help of enzymes
-this breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs and separates the bases from their complementary partners, but does not remove the base from the backbone of their half of the double helix |
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G2 phase
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-during this interphase, this includes continued protein synthesis and cell growth in preparation for cell division
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true
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true or false...there are three steps of the cell cycle during interphase
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gametes
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cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction
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meiosis
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-the process by which gametes reduce their DNA content
-only occurs in gametes or fertilized eggs |
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diploid cells
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cells that contain two sets of chromosomes
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haploid cells
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cells that contain a single set of chromosomes
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homologous chromosome
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in a diploid cell, each individual chromosome has a twin chromosome, almost identical in size, function, and genes
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chromatids
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chromosomes that have both copies of the individual chromosome attached at one spot
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metaphase plate
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plate that chromosomes with their sister chromatids line up on
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cytokinesis
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in mitosis, ____ begins at this point, separating the two sets of chromosomes into different cells
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prophase
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the spindle fibers form and the centrioles moves to opposite sides of the cell. the nuclear membrane disappears
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metaphase
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the chromosomes align midway along the spindle fibers
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anaphase
|
the chromosomes begin to separate from their daughters. cytokinesis begins
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telophase
|
identical sets of chromosomes are at opposites ends of the cell. spindle fibers disappear, nuclear membranes reappear, and cytokinesis completes
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prophase 1
|
homologous chromosomes condense and link in the process-forming tetrads
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metaphase 1
|
homologous chromosomes move to the metaphase plate
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anaphase 1
|
homologous chromosomes separate, but the sister chromatids stay together
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telophase 1
|
cytokinesis has occurred and two haploid daughter cells are the result
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prophase 2
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a brief stage in which spindle fibers begin to reappear and centrioles move to opposite poles
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metaphase 2
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sister chromatids align at a new metaphase plate
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anaphase 2
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sister chromatids separate again
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telophase 2
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four haploid cells result after cytokinesis
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diploid, haploid
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during meiosis, a ___ cell will give rise to four ___ cells
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false...gametes take part in meiosis only to bring genetic variability
|
true or false...mitosis and meiosis occur in all type of cells
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photosynthesis
|
the process by green plants, green algae, and certain bacteria, in which the energy from sunlight is trapped by the green pigment chlorophyll and used for synthesis of glucose
|
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chlorophyll
|
this part of the plant traps energy from sunlight and used for synthesis of glucose
|
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autotroph
|
an organism that is able to produce its own food
|
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heterotroph
|
an organism that cannot produce their own food
|
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cellular respiration
|
glucose is broken down by the process of glycolysis, which transfers some of the energy in glucose to ATP
|
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chloroplasts
|
a new type of algae has been discovered. to determine whether or not this algae is an autotroph, the scientists should observe for which of the following?
|
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chloroplast, chlorophyll
|
the organelle in plants that allows photosynthesis to occur is the ___, which contains the chemical ___ to trap energy from the sun
|
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codon
|
code that is composed of three of the bases
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amino acid, amino acid
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each codon matches to a specific ___. a chain of this then forms ___
|
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genes
|
chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called ___, which contain the information that controls particular traits for an individual
|
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true
|
genetic traits are expressed through the actions of proteins
|
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genome
|
a complete set of DNA for an individual that contains all genes
|
|
1. errors during DNA replication or 2. via a mutagen
|
mutations in the genome occur primarily by two mechanisms:
|
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mutagen
|
a substance that induces mutation
|
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DNA polymerase
|
an enzyme used to speed up the process of DNA synthesis
|
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DNA polymerase
|
this enzyme performs proofreading of the newly synthesized strands
|
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DNA polymerase
|
if it recognizes a mispairing of bases, it attempts to correct the problem by insertion of the proper base
|
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mismatch repair
|
this repair mechanism scans over the DNA to find any mismatches of bases...used as a backup to DNA polymerase
|
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excision repair
|
this repair mechanism inspects the DNA for certain substances capable of damaging DNA and attempt to repair it
|
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DNA polymerase
|
name the major enzyme responsible for DNA replication in cells
|
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true
|
DNA in gametes is the DNA passed on to future generations
|
|
phenotypes
|
the physical expressions of genetic traits
|
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genotype
|
an organism's underlying genetic makeup or code
|
|
genotypes, phenotypes
|
___ are the entire set of genes in organisms, while ___ are the characteristics and traits that are expressed by those genes
|
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phenotype
|
different coat colors between cat breeds are examples of genotype or of phenotype?
|
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punnett square
|
graphical way to show all the possible combinations of alleles given the two parents' genotypes
|
|
Gregor Mendel
|
scientist who began researching how characteristics of pea plants were passed to offspring from parent plants in the 1800s
|
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homozygous
|
when both parents give the offspring the same allele
|
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heterozygous
|
when each parent gives the offspring a different allele for a particular trait
|
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incomplete dominance
|
when the dominant and recessive genotypes interact to produce an intermediate phenotype, a mix of the two traits
|
|
light-years
|
the distance that light will travel within 1 year of time
|
|
electromagnetic waves
|
waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields
|
|
gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio waves
|
order the forms of electromagnetic radiation from short to long wavelengths
|
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red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
|
order the 7 visible forms of electromagnetic radiation from short to long wavelengths
|
|
Joules/calories
|
energy and its ability to do work which is quantified in this unit of the metric system called___
|
|
kinetic energy
|
energy of motion
|
|
Law of Conservation of Energy
|
energy is not lost but rather transferred back and forth between KE and PE
|
|
matter
|
anything that takes up space and has mass
|
|
elements
|
substances that cannot be broken into simpler types of matter
|
|
protons
|
positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
atomic number
|
serves as an ordering device for the periodic table
|
|
neutrons
|
neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
electrons
|
negatively charged subatomic particles found in various energy levels (orbital shells) around the nucleus
|
|
chemical reaction
|
a dynamic event that alters the chemical makeup of an atom
|
|
ion
|
positively or negatively charged atom
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mass number
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total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass
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the average mass of all of the known isotopes of an element
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charge
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an atom's ___ refers to the positive or negative distribution within it
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isotopes
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atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
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catalysts
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control the rate of chemical reactions, or reactions in which atoms react to come to a stable state
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promoters
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reaction rates may be increased by the use of ___
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inhibitors
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reaction rates may be reduced by the use of ___
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substrate
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the molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme
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activation energy
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this is also used to increase reaction rates
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Henry Moseley
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scientist who proposed that the periodic table be modified such that elements would be arranged by atomic number rather than atomic mass
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orbital shells
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the arrangement of electrons within orbits around the nucleus
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valence electrons
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electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that remain the same
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chemical bonding
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the chemical merging of atoms due to their electron arrangements
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increases, decreases
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within a given family on the periodic table, atomic radii ___ while electronegativity ___
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metals
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elements that donate highly conductive electrons to their environment
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globular proteins
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proteins that are water soluble
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pH
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a measure of hydrogen ion concentration within a solution
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substrate
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a molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme
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metabolic pathways
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chemical reactions with a cell
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true
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true or false...enzymes act as the catalysts for special chemical reactions within the human body
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false...enzymes participate in thousands of such reactions, despite being selective
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true or false...enzymes participate in a limited number of chemical reactions throughout the human body
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true
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enzymes act to lower the activation energy of chemical reactions
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true
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true or false...an enzyme can reshape itself when placed in contact with a substrate
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true
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true or false...the amino-acid structure of an enzyme is important to its function
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acidic solutions
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solutions with a pH value less than 7
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basic solutions
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solutions with a pH value greater than 7
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pure H2O at 25 Celsius
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this solution is recognized as the standard of neutrality between acids and bases because it has a pH value of 7.0
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larger
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since a larger number of hydrogen ions is associated with an acid than a base, the activity value for acids will be ___ larger for acids than bases
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ionic
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the electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges
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covalent
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sharing of electrons between atoms
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alkanes
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saturated hydrocarbons, basic structure of the hydrocarbons
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saturated
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carbon is completely connected
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saturated hydrocarbons
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these compounds are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated
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saturated hydrocarbons
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general formula for ___ is CnH2n+2
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unsaturated hydrocarbons
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have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms
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alkenes
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an unsaturated hydrocarbon with one double bond with the general formula CnH2n
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alkynes
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an unsaturated hydrocarbon with triple bonds with the general formula CnH2n-2
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isomers
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a given formula may possess two or more molecular structures known as ___
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organic chemistry
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the basis of ___ is connected with the study of hydrocarbon structure
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metalloids
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elements that may accept or donate electrons readily, and possess a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties
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cation (most of the time, a metallic ion)
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positive ion
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anion (most of the time, a nonmetallic ion)
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negative ion
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electronegativities
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similar attractions for electrons
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Lewis structures
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this structure provides visual representations of covalent bonding between atoms of a molecule
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hydrogen exists as pairs because the atom is unstable on its own. a covalent bond is necessary
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why does hydrogen gas exist as H2 and never just H?
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2
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regarding the Lewis structure for sulfur (S), how many unshared pairs of electrons will sulfur have?
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reactants
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formulas on the left side of the reaction sign that are substances consumed or altered in the chemical reaction
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products
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the substances formed as the results of a chemical reaction, located to the right of the reaction sign
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oxidation
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this involves electron donation to produce a more positive ion
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reduction
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this involves electron acceptance to produce a more negative ion
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metabolism
|
refers to the chemical reactions in living organisms that are necessary to maintain life
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acid
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any compound with a hydrogen ion activity greater than water (pH < 7)
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base
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any compound with a hydrogen ion activity less than water (pH > 7)
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water and salts
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this solution acts to neutralize the pH
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false...pH neutralization is an important ACID-BASE reaction
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true or false...pH neutralization is an important oxidation-reduction reaction
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true
|
true or false...metabolism is an important oxidation-reduction reaction
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false...combustion is an important OXIDATION-REDUCTION reaction
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true or false...combustion is an important acid-base reaction
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false...photosynthesis is an important OXIDATION-REDUCTION reaction
|
true or false...photosynthesis is an important acid-base reaction
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polar molecule
|
a molecule that possesses both positive and negative atomic structure
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electrolysis
|
the energetic input from ___ can chemically split the liquid water molecule into gaseous components
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density
|
the ratio of mass per volume for a substance
|
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Celsius
|
a metric temperature scale that is defined (at standard temperature) by the melting point of ice (0 degrees C) and the boiling point of liquid water (100 degrees C)
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Kelvin
|
this scale is alternately used to express temperature
|
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triple-point
|
the temperature and pressure at which water will coexist as a solid, liquid, and gas
|
|
specific heat
|
the energy required to raise one unit of mass of a substance
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|
heat of vaporization
|
the amount of heat necessary to cause a phase transition between a liquid and a gas
|
|
0 degrees K = ___ degrees C
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-273
|
|
false...water serves as the standard of pH and has a value of 7
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true or false...water serves as the standard for H and has a value of 6
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true
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true or false...water is used as the standard density at 4 degrees Celsius
|
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false...no standard electronegative value exists for water
|
true or false...water has the standard electronegative value on the periodic table
|
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true
|
true or false...the Kelvin temperature scale is based on water's triple-point
|
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6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> C6H12O6 +6O2
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the chemical equation for photosynthesis
|
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
|
the chemical equation for cellular respiration
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