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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a "protocol suite"?
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A protocol suite is a combination of different protocols in various layers.
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Which 4 layers does the TCP/IP protocol suite use?
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(Data-)Link, Network, Transport and Application.
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Which transport protocols does TCP/IP use?
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TCP and UDP.
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Which network protocols does TCP/IP use?
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IP, ICMP and IGMP.
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Which link protocols does TCP/IP use?
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ARP and RARP.
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What does the (data-)link layer do?
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It handles the hardware details of physically interfacing with the network medium.
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What does the network layer do?
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It handles the routing of packets around the network.
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What does the transport layer do?
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It provides a flow of data between two hosts.
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What does the application layer do?
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It handles the details of a particular application.
E.g.: Telnetm FTP, SMTP, SNMP, ... |
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What does "TCP" stand for?
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Transmission Control Protocol.
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What does "UDP" stand for?
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User Datagram Protocol.
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What's the difference between the "TCP" and "UDP" transport protocols?
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TCP provides a reliable flow of data between two hosts.
UDP simply sends packats of data (datagrams) from one host to another, without reliability. |
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If we have two hosts on a local area network such as Ethernet, both running FTP, illustrate how the protocols interact.
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What does "IP" stand for?
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Internet Protocol.
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What does "ICMP" stand for?
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Internet Control Message Protocol.
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What does "IGMP" stand for?
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Internet Group Management Protocol.
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What is an internet and how do you build one?
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An internet is a collection of networks that all use the same protocol suite. To build one, connect two or more networks with a router.
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On what layer(s) do routers operate?
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Routers operate on the network and (data-)link layers.
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What features does the TCP transport protocol utilize?
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- Divide application data into chunks for the network layer below
- End-to-end acknowledgments - Response timeouts - Retransmission in case of timeouts/failures |
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What's the difference between a router and a bridge?
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A router connects networks at the network layer, while a bridge connects networks at the link layer.
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What's the difference between multicasting and broadcasting?
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Multicasting is sending a UDP datagram to multiple hosts.
Broadcasting is sending a UDP datagram to every host on a specified network. (TODO: Add more information about layers) |
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What do "ARP" and "RARP" stand for?
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ARP: Address Resolution Protocol.
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. |
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What are ARP and RARP used for?
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They are used to convert between the addresses used by the network layer and the addresses used by the link layer.
(TODO: Add more detailed info). |
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List the 5 classes of Internet addresses, with their respective range.
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Class A: 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
Class B: 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 Class C: 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Class D: 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Class E: 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255 |
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What does "DNS" stand for?
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Domain Name System.
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What does DNS basically do?
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It provides a mapping between between IP addresses and hostnames and allows 2-way lookup.
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Which headers and trailers does an Ethernet frame contain? (Use TCP).
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![[Ethernet header] [IP header] [TCP header] [application data] [Ethernet trailer]](https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcards/944742/711804_m.png)
[Ethernet header] [IP header] [TCP header] [application data] [Ethernet trailer]
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How does IP know which layer the packet data belongs to?
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It stores an 8-bit value in it's header called the "protocol field".
01 = ICMP 02 = IGMP 06 = TCP 17 = UDP |
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How do transport layer protocols know which application the packet data belongs to?
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They store 16-bit port numbers, one for source and one for destination, in their header.
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How does the NIC know which network protocol the frame's data belongs to?
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It stores a 16-bit "frame type" field in the Ethernet header.
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How many bits are IP addresses made of?
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32-bits.
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How many bits are hardware addresses (MACs) made of?
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48-bits.
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Which protocols provide mappings between IP addresses and MAC addresses?
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ARP and RARP.
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What does "PPP" stand for?
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Point-to-Point protocol.
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