Taylor - Fundamentals Of Nursing - Adn 1 Exam #1 Chapter 42 Stress & Adaptation.

Front 1

Stress

Back 1

a condition in which the human system responds to changes in its normal, balanced state.
stress affects all dimensions:
physical
emotional
intellectual
social
spiritual.

Front 2

stressor

Back 2

anything that is perceived as challenging threatening or demanding.
can be internal or external.

Front 3

internal stressor

Back 3

may be an illness, hormonal change or fear.

Front 4

external stressor

Back 4

may be a load noise, temperature change

Front 5

Physiological stressor

Back 5

ex: pain

Front 6

pyschosocial stressor

Back 6

ex: job loss, moving, divorce,

Front 7

developmental stressor

Back 7

ex: aging, loss, leaving home

Front 8

situational stressor

Back 8

ex: first exam

Front 9

Factors influencing the response to stressors:

Back 9

intensity
duration

Front 10

adaptation

Back 10

necessary for normal development.
the change that takes place as a response to a stressor.

Front 11

homeostasis

Back 11

when various physiological mechanisms
within the body respond to internal changes in order to maintain relative constancy in the internal environment.

Front 12

coping responses

Back 12

a response that deals with a particular stressor.

Front 13

LAS - Local Adaptation Syndrome.
a response.

Back 13

a localized response involving a specific part of the body.
of short duration.
a "cellular" response to stress.
a stressor stimulates a response, ex: a scraped knee.
the body responds with clotting factors, white blood cells to restore homeostasis.

Reflex Pain response- the CNS responds rapidly and automatically .

Inflammatory response- prevents the spread of infection and promotes healing.

blood clotting help healing.

Front 14

GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response.

Back 14

the systemic response of the body to a stressor.
Involves the Neurological and Endocrine systems.
Comprised of 3 stages:
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

Front 15

GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response.
Stage 1 - Alarm:

Back 15

Stage 1 - Alarm
When stressors are threatening or perceived the body activates the
"Fight or Flight syndrome" of the Sympathetic nervous system.
use one's first cigarette as an example. you start coughing, you can't breathe.

Front 16

GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response.
Stage 2 - Resistance

Back 16

the fight or flight response ends and long term coping starts, depleting adaptive energy as you go along.
ex.you continue to smoke, but you don't cough anymore.
you keep smoking-the body is resisting the stressor-the cigarette.

Front 17

GAS - General Adaptation Syndrome
a response.
Stage 3- Exhaustion

Back 17

you continue to smoke, however, continuing resisting stressor eventually puts the body in a state of exhaustion as it uses its adaptive energy. soon, it can no longer cope with the stressor and it breaks down in disease, collapse or death. the body succumbs to the stressor.

Front 18

Mind Body Interaction to Stress

Back 18

there is a relationship between psychological stressors and the physiological response.
there is no separation.

Front 19

Anxiety

Back 19

a response to a stressor which produces feelings of discomfort or dread.

Front 20

Mild Anxiety

Back 20

normal part of life that can motivate, keep us on point.
cognition: increases alertness and perception, motivates learning and growth.
physiological:blood pressure, pulse and respiration may rise slightly.
behavioral: remain logical and focused.

Front 21

Moderate Anxiety

Back 21

unable to focus, narrows perception.
cognition: can't focus,loss of concentration, an inattention to communication and details.
physiological: increased blood pressure, pulse and respiration. sweating, cool and clammy skin.
behavioral: start to worry about stressor.

Front 22

Severe Anxiety & Panic

Back 22

cognition: severe errors in judgement, hallucinations.
Physiological: increased muscle tension/shaking, increased glucose levels, entering" Fight or Flight" response. feels like a heart attack.
behavioral:unprovoked, crippling response to an unknown danger, sense of impending doom.

Front 23

Coping Mechanisms

Back 23

managing stress without involving conscious thought.
laughing
crying
smoking
drinking.
withdrawal

Front 24

Defense mechanisms against stressors.

Back 24

mostly unconscious reactions to stressors, usually to protect one's self esteem. may be useful in mild to moderate anxiety.
when extreme, however, they distort reality and create problems with relationships.

Front 25

Defense mechanisms

Denial

Back 25

refusal to acknowledge the presence of a condition that is disturbing.
ex
denial of illness.
despite finding a lump in her breast she does not seek treatment.

Front 26

Defense mechanisms

Regression

Back 26

returning to an earlier method of behavior.
ex
when confronted by a newborn in the family, the older child may revert back to soiling diapers or wanting a bottle.

Front 27

Defense mechanisms

Displacement

Back 27

when a person transfers(displaces) an emotional reaction from one object or person to another object or person.

ex
being angry at a coworker and taking it out on by kicking a chair across the room.

Front 28

Defense mechanisms

Projection

Back 28

when a person's thoughts or impulses are attributed to someone else.

ex
you deny sexual feelings or anger for someone and then turn around and accuse that person of having those feelings against you.

Front 29

Defense mechanisms

Reaction Formation

Back 29

a person develops attitudes and behaviors that are opposite to what he is really feeling.

ex
you really like someone but you act nastily toward them.

Front 30

Defense mechanisms

Introjection

Back 30

when a person incorporates qualities or values of another person into his own ego structure.
important in the formation of conscience during childhood.

ex
taking on, and expressing, the values of a role model you look up to and admire.

Front 31

Defense mechanisms

Rationalization

Back 31

a person tries to give a logical or socially acceptable explanation for a questionable behavior.

ex
the blame game
there's always a good reason. - I failed the test because it was stupid and unreasonable, (meanwhile, the truth is I did not study).

Front 32

Defense mechanisms

Repression

Back 32

when a person excludes an anxiety producing event from conscious memory.voluntary-I'm not going to think about this.
ex
a father may not remember violently shaking his crying baby.

Front 33

Defense mechanisms

Compensation

Back 33

when a person attempts to overcome a perceived weakness, you compensate with a desirable trait in a more comfortable area.

ex
a student is having trouble in class so he tries harder to excel in football.

Front 34

Defense mechanisms

Sublimation

Back 34

when a person substitutes his normal channel of expression and substitutes it in a socially acceptable manner.
ex
an aggressive,violent person on the street takes his aggressive tendencies out toward players on the other football team.

Front 35

Defense mechanisms

Isolation

Back 35

unconscious effort to remove yourself from a situation.

ex
when a nurse removes himself from the overwhelming emotional stress of dealing with dying patients by being cold and aloof.

Front 36

Defense mechanisms

Conversion

Back 36

a psychological stressor with a physical response.

ex
a person unconsciously develops a physical ailment they think is real to avoid facing an uncomfortable situation.
psyching yourself out so bad that you develop an imagined disorder.

Front 37

Defense mechanisms

Undoing

Back 37

an act used to negate a previous action or communication.

ex
a husband who beat his wife brings her flowers the next day.

Front 38

Interventions for Stress

Back 38

how does one relieve stress?
you must first recognize the stress because you cannot treat something you don't know.
Then you need to think of some constructive change.
ex:
time management
exercise
humor
good nutrition
rest and sleep
guided imagery - picture being somewhere you want to be to relax.
Crisis intervention- avoid trouble before it happens
support system-do patients have support or friends that got your back
increase self esteem- do not tell yourself you are going to fail the test before you take it.
management of Burnout- ICU and ER nurses deal with such intense situations that they need to control it with support systems to help ventilate feelings and de-escalate.