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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of skeletal muscles - parallel
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Parallel
* Muscle fibres run from one attachment to the other other, parallel to the line of pull of the muscle organ * Check where the muscles attach to find the line of pull * Better attached to produce large range of movement at joints * Look at fibre direction then determine shape |
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Types of parallel muscles - strap, fusiform, triangular (radiate), flat (quadrilateral)
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Strap
* Long, thin * Fusiform * Narrow ends, fat belly * Biceps brachii Triangular (radiate) * One side converges to a narrow end * Pectoralis major Flat (quadrilateral) * Two sides of muscles are broad, quad shape * Obliques |
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Types of skeletal muscles - oblique/pennate
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* Muscles fibres run oblique to line of pull of muscle organ
* Adapted to produce powerful contractions * Generally shorter than parallel muscles Unipennate * Fibres run at an angle to line of pull * Rare * Bipennate * Fibres run in two angles to line of pull * Rectus femoris muscle (anterior thigh) Multipennate * 3 angles to line of pull * Shorter fibres allow for more muscle cells = more powerful contractions * Deltoid |
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Types of skeletal muscles - circular
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* Circular muscle fibres (sphincters) surrounding a bodily opening or "tube"
* Eyes, lips/mouth, anal canal * Voluntary muscles |
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Discuss the effect of the form of a muscle to:
* Its final contracted length * The force it can exert |
* The more muscle fibres that are present, the greater force the muscle can exert
DO THIS TOO YOU FUCK |
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Describe and identify examples of each type of muscle attachment - tendinous, aponeurotic, fleshy/muscular, raphe
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Tendons
* Rounded cords of fibrous tissue attaching muscle fibres to bone * Many in the wrist Aponeurosis * Sheet of fibrous tissue attaching muscle fibres to bone (more broad) * Bicipital aponeurosis on distal, medial end Fleshy/muscular * Muscle fibres attach to the bone via epimysium (fibrous tissue covering muscles) * Scapula Raphe * Muscle fibres attach to another muscle - cross over to form a "floor" * Ballsack, roof of mouth |
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Define the following terms related to muscles - origin, insertion, action, torque, function, bursa, tendon sheath
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Origin - stable end of muscle, usually proximal/superior
Insertion - moving end of muscle, usually distal/inferior Action - Movement produced when muscles contract concentrically in isolation Torque - perpendicular distance from middle of joint to muscle; rotational movement Function - Bursa - sacs made from synovial membranes containing synovial fluid, that allow sliding without friction Tendon sheath - tubular synovial sacs around tendons to allow movement without friction |
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Define the term 'muscle contraction'
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Muscle contractions occur when tension develops in the muscle
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Types of muscle contraction:
* Static/isometric * Dynamic/isotonic - concentric, eccentric |
For all muscle contractions, the muscle must be working (tense)
Static/isometric * Muscle doesn't change length * No movement in the joint * Trying to move against a resistant force, e.g. pushing against a wall Dynamic/isotonic * Muscle changes length * Concentric - gets shorter, moving part is in opposite direction to gravity * Eccentric - gets longer, moving in the direction of gravity at a speed LESS than gravity |
