Bony Pelvis And Contents

Front 1

Can you label the parts of the ilium (most superior part)?

Back 1

Front 2

How many fused vertebrae does the sacrum contain?

Back 2

5

Front 3

how many vertebrae are fused to formed the coccyx?

Back 3

3-4

Front 4

What divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 4

the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament

Front 5

where is the sacral prominency?

Back 5

anterior to S1

Front 6

Where is the true pelvis in relation to the inlet and outlets?

Back 6

the true pelvis is above the outlet and below the inlet?

Front 7

What is above the inlet of the pelvis?

Back 7

the false pelvis

Front 8

what is below the outlet of the pelvis?

Back 8

the perineum

Front 9

what are the borders for the pelvic inlet?

Back 9

pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pectineal line, arcuate line, sacral ala and sacral promontory

Front 10

what are the borders for the pelvic outlet?

Back 10

inferior pubic symphysis, inferior rami, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx

Front 11

what is contained within the false (greater) pelvis?

Back 11

the abdo organs

Front 12

what is contained within the true (lesser) pelvis?

Back 12

bladder and reproductive organs

Front 13

in the anatomical position what two points could you draw a line through in the hip bone?

Back 13

pubic tubercle and the ASIS

Front 14

What are the main differences between the male and female pelvis?

Back 14

Generally: female is lighter and thinner

muscular attachments: more poorly marked in female

Greater pelvis: shallower in the female

Lesser Pelvis: wider and shallower in the female

Inlet: Oval in female, Heart shaped in Men

Outlet: large in women

subpubic angle: women: >80 degrees men: <70 degrees

acetabulum: smaller in women

Front 15

Which is larger the AP/conjugate line in the inlet or the outlet of the pelvis?

Back 15

outlet > inlet

Front 16

which is larger in the transverse plane the inlet or outlet of the pelvis?

Back 16

inlet>outlet

Front 17

what measurement int he pelvis is particularly important in pregnancy?

Back 17

the interspinous measurement

Front 18

What are the boundaries of the true pelvis?

Back 18

pelvic brim, sacrum and coccyx, obturantor internus, pubic symphysis, pelvic floor

Front 19

What are the boundaries of the false pelvis?

Back 19

ala of ilium and abdominal wall

Front 20

What muscle surrounds the wall of the bladder?

Back 20

the detrusor muscle

Front 21

the neck of the bladder is what sphincter?

Back 21

the internal urethral sphincter

Front 22

what is the epithelium of the bladder?

Back 22

ridged transitional epithelium

Front 23

What is the trigone in the bladder?

Back 23

smooth triangle area betters the 2 ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice. (mesoderm unlike the rest of the bladder which is endoderm)

Front 24

What are the attachments of the bladder?

Back 24

to pelvic wall by parietal pelvic fascia

apex connected to umbilicus by urachus (middle umbilical ligament)

neck connected to pubic bones by pubovesical ligament

Front 25

What is the passage of the ureters?

Back 25

pelvis of kidney, inferiorly over psoas major, ver the prim of the pelvis, anterior to bifurcation of common iliac artery, posteroinferiorly on lateral pelvic wall, anteromedially into bladder

Front 26

what are the 3 points of constriction of the ureters?

Back 26

renal pelvis to ureter

crossing of bony pelvis and iliac artery

penetrating bladder wall

Front 27

what prevents vesicoureteric reflux in the bladder?

Back 27

the oblique entry of the ureters into the bladder creates a flap valve

Front 28

At what level is the rectosigmoid junction?

Back 28

S3

Front 29

Where is the rectum anatomically?

Back 29

posterior to the bladder in males and posterior to the bladder and the uterus in females.

Front 30

how does the rectum dilate in the storage of faeces?

Back 30

it dilates distally at the ampulla of the rectum

Front 31

what is the significance of the dentate/pectinate line in the rectum?

Back 31

transition from handgun to ectoderm (stratified squamous-->keratinised)

Front 32

what muscles support the rectum?

Back 32

pelvic floor muscles (elevator anti), internal and external anal sphincters

Front 33

What are the different sections of the male urethra?

Back 33

pre-preostatic

prostatic

membranous

penile/spongy

Front 34

what are the different epithelium present in the different sections of the male urethra?

Back 34

pre-preostatic transitional

prostatic transitional

membranous pseudostratified columnar

penile/spongy pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous

Front 35

In the prostate, what proportions are fibrous and glandular?

Back 35

fibrous=1/3

glandular 2/3

Front 36

What is the function of the prostate?

Back 36

secretes some of the ejaculatory fluid

Front 37

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Back 37

transports spermatozoa from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Front 38

what is the seminal vesicle?

Back 38

paired gland below the bladder, produces the bulk of ejaculatory fluid

Front 39

what is the bulbourethral gland?

Back 39

just below the prostate, produces lube

Front 40

locate the funds, isthmus and horns of the uterus

Back 40

Front 41

What is the anatomical position of the uterus (usually!)?

Back 41

anteverted and anteflexed

Front 42

What ligament contains the ovaries and the fallopian tubes?

Back 42

the broad ligament

Front 43

what is the function of the ovaries?

Back 43

oogenesis and endocrine

Front 44

what connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Back 44

the ovarian ligament

Front 45

what are the different sections of the fallopian tube?

Back 45

Front 46

what are the 3 divisions of the broad ligament?

Back 46

mesovarium: ovary

messosalpynx: ovary to fallopian tube

mesometrium: uterus

Front 47

What is the ligament that carries the ovarian vessels and connects the ovary to the lateral wall of the pelvis?

Back 47

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Front 48

what does the round ligament connect?

Back 48

hold uterus in anteversion and travels through the inguinal canal to labia majora

Front 49

What pouch is referred to as the pouch of douglas?

Back 49

the rectouterine pouch (between the uterus and and the rectum?

Front 50

what pouch is present in men?

Back 50

between the bladder and the rectum (rectovesical pouch)

Front 51

What are the pouches present in women?

Back 51

vesicouterine (bladder and uterus)

rectouterine (rectum and uterus)

Front 52

What level does the abdominal aorta divide into the left and right common iliac arteries?

Back 52

L4

Front 53

What do the common iliac arteries divide into and at what level?

Back 53

external and internal artery L5/S1

Front 54

What do the bifrications of the left and right common iliac continue as?

Back 54

external iliac continues as the femoral artery after the inguinal ligament

internal iliac continues to supply viscera of pelvis and perineum and gluteal region

Front 55

What does the internal iliac bifurcate into?

Back 55

anterior and posterior branches

Front 56

what does the posterior and anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 56

posterior: supplies posterior abdomen and pelvic wall

anterior: suplies pelvic viscera and perineum, medial compartments of the thigh, via obturator artery

Front 57

What are the branches of the posterior branch of the internal iliac?

Back 57

PILS

posterior branch

iliolumbar artery

lateral sacral arteries

superior gluteal artery

Front 58

What do the branches of the posterior branch of the internal iliac?

Back 58

iliolumbar artery: supplies muscles (iliaus, psoas major, quadratus laborum and cauda equina in the vertebral canal.

lateral sacral arteries:supplies piriformis and vertebral canal (runs superficial to piriformis)

superior gluteal artery: leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis. supplies the gluteal muscles and tensor fascia.

Front 59

What are the branches of the anterior branch of the internal iliac?

Back 59

inferior gluteal

middle rectal

obturator

inferior vesical (only in males)

interbal pudendal

umbilical

uterine (only in females)

Front 60

What does the umbilical artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 60

only present in the foetus and in adults exists as the medial umbilical ligament (urachus)

Front 61

What does the superior vesical artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 61

originates from the umbilical artery and supplies the superior part of bladder (ductus deferens in males)

Front 62

What does the obturator artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 62

leaves pelvis via obturator canal, supplies the adductor region of thigh

Front 63

What does the inferior vesical artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 63

only in men! (vaginal artery in women-branch of uterine)

supplies pelvic part of urethra, seminal glad and prostate

Front 64

What does the middle rectal artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 64

supplies rectum and anastomoses with superior and inferior rectal arteries, supplies part of the prostate and seminal glands in males

Front 65

What does the internal pudendal artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 65

enters through the lesser sciatic foramen and leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis.

supplies perineum (main artery of the perineum)

-muscles of anal canal, erectile bodies, skin and UG triangle

Front 66

What does the inferior gluteal artery branch of the anterior branch of the internal iliac supply?

Back 66

terminal branch, leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis, contribute to gluteal region, coccygeus, elevator ani, piriformis

Front 67

what is the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic viscera?

Back 67

lymph nodes along internal and external iliac vessels

Front 68

what is the route of the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic viscera?

Back 68

internal and external iliac vessels > common iliac > lateral aortic+lateral lumbar nodes >pre-aortic nodes and thoracic duct at T12

Front 69

what is the lymphatic drainage of the ovarian vessels?

Back 69

directly into the lateral aortic or lateral lumbar nodes

Front 70

What are the two somatic plexuses in the pelvis?

Back 70

sacral and coccygeal plexus

Front 71

what is the root values of the sacral plexus?

Back 71

anterior rami of S1-4

(and contributions of L4-L5 anterior rami of lumbosacral trunk)

Front 72

What are the main branches included in the sacral plexus'?

Back 72

sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve

Front 73

what is the main exit of the nerves of the sacral plexus?

Back 73

leave throughout the greater sciatic foramen

Front 74

What are the root values of the coccygeal plexus?

Back 74

anterior rami of S4-coccyx

Front 75

what are the root values of the sciatic nerve?

Back 75

L4-S3

Front 76

What are the root values of the pudenal nerve?

Back 76

S2-S4

Front 77

What are the root values of the superior and inferior gluteal nerve?

Back 77

superior: L4-S1

Inferior: L5-S2

Front 78

What are the root values of the obturator internus?

Back 78

L5,S1,S2

Front 79

What are the root values of the nerve to piriformis?

Back 79

S1-S2

Front 80

What are the 4 routes of the pelvic autonomic nerves?

Back 80

sacral sympathetic trunks

periarterial plexuses

hypogastric plexus

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 81

Where is the prevertebral plexus located and what does it supply?

Back 81

formed around the abdominal aorta, supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Front 82

all splanchnic nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk and carry sympathetic fibres, excluding what nerves?

Back 82

pelvic splanchnic nerves (they arise from somatic routes and carry parasympathetic fibres)

Front 83

the prevertebral plexus becomes the superior hypogastric plexus at what level?

Back 83

below the aorta bifurcation

Front 84

what does the superior hypogastric plexus turn into?

Back 84

forms two hypogastric nerves which then separate out into the inferior hypogastric plexus' (joined by lumbar splanchnic nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves)

Front 85

Where does the sympathetic trunk run?

Back 85

at the base of the skull to the coccyx alongside the vertebrae and ends as the ganglion impart (single)

Front 86

the sacral sympathetic trunk also gives branches to two different plexus'?

Back 86

sacral plexus

inferior hypogastric plexus

Front 87

what different plexus' does the inferior hypogastric plexus give rise to?

Back 87

rectal plexus

uterovaginal plexus

prostatic plexus (gives branches to erectile tissue-may be damaged in prostatectomy)

vesical plexus

Front 88

what makes up the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Back 88

each hypogastric nerve

sympathetic input from sacral splanchnic nerves

parasympathetic input from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 89

The pelvic inlet is wider transversely or anterior/posteriorly/?

Back 89

transversely

Front 90

What way does the babies head turn in order to enter the pelvic inlet?

Back 90

it turns sideways as its head is longer anterior posterior and the inlet is widest transversely

Front 91

The pelvic outlet is wider transversely or anterior/posteriorly/?

Back 91

wider anterior posterior

Front 92

what way does the babies head face when moving through the pelvic outlet?

Back 92

it faces posterior as the outlet is widest anterior posteriorly

Front 93

Where is the urogenital diaphragm?

Back 93

the urethra and vagina pass through it, the anus is not included in it.

Front 94

where does the perineal body lie?

Back 94

in-between the anus and the vagina