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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systems analysis
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AER
Analyze, Evaluate, Recommend is a discipline which analyzes problems, evaluates the consequences of various courses of action, and recommends what action to take to solve problems. |
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Information systems analysis
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seeks to improve information systems so that they provide better support for the business activities of an organization.
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How do humans cope with complexity?
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by thinking in terms of systems.
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What does a system do?
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SS
Structures Separates organizes its components into a structure and is separated from its environment by a system boundary. |
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Why do system analysts work with abstract models?
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Understand existing systems, Simulate system behavior, and Describe the requirements for a new system |
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information systems perform three functions, what are they?
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Transmission of information
Storage of information Transformation of information |
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The important overall function of an information processing system is ...
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to respond to what happens in the outside world by transforming inputs into the desired outputs
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How do system analysts help solve business problems?
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by applying information technology not only to production and service functions but also to improved monitoring, control, and decision support.
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In order to structure and simplify complexity, we:
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Limit the extent of our interest
Select only the important or essential features Break up the complexity into manageable small pieces Examine things iteratively Review and refine in order to improve Use visual thinking whenever we can |
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What Is a System?
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is an interrelated set of components which are viewed as a whole.
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A system has which 4 things?
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Components – its basic parts
Structure – how the components are organized Function – what the system does Objectives – the human purposes served by the system |
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3 System Structures
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Hierarchical (Tree)
Matrix (Grid) Network |
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Hierarchical (Tree)
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Each component is subordinate to exactly one other component.
Components can be nested. |
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Matrix (Grid)
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Each component, or cell, is determined by a combination of two or more factors.
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Network
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Nodes or points connected by arcs or links.
Arcs may permit flows, as in a transportation or telecommunication network. |
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Hierarchical System Structure
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Hierarchical System Structure
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Network System Structure
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Network System Structure
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A System and Its Environment
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A System and Its Environment
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boundary
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which separates a system from its environment.
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A system has which two things?
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An environment and a boundary
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Interfaces
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Interfaces
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A Systems View of Business
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A Systems View of Business
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A Systems View of Business Flow
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A Systems View of Business Flow
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An interface describes ...
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an interaction or connection between a system and its environment, or between subsystems
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A system model is ...
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an abstract, selective system description used to:
Understand the system Study system behavior Communicate our understanding of the system to others |
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A representation of a model is a ..
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graphical or physical way of displaying the components and relationships in the model.
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We generate a system model through:
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Aggregation
Decomposition |
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Aggregation
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Assembling a system out of a set of elementary components, or primitives, through synthesis – a bottom-up process.
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Decomposition
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Partitioning the whole into its constituent parts through analysis – a top-down process.
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3 Functions of an Information Processing System
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Communication
Storage Transformation |
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Communication
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Moves or transports information from place to place
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Storage
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Records and saves information for future use
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Transformation
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Changes information content by deriving outputs from inputs using a known, defined procedure
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2 Essential Pieces of Automated Information Processing Systems
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Hardware
Software |
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Hardware
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Data capture and display devices
Processing units Memory (volatile and permanent) Channels for information flow |
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Software
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Operating system and related software
Communications software Application software |
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2 Types of System Descriptions
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Implementation Descriptions
Essential Descriptions |
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Implementation Descriptions
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Dependent on a specific implementation or technology
Sometimes called physical descriptions Non-essential Shows form Concrete Implementation-dependent Technology-dependent |
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Essential Descriptions
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Independent of a specific implementation or technology
Sometimes called logical descriptions Shows content Abstract Implementation-independent Technology-independent |
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4 Roles of Information in Business
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It helps carry out the production and service functions of the organization.
It measures and monitors the performance of these primary business functions and other supporting functions. It helps the organization control its operations to meet performance targets. It supports management decisions to improve the business by modifying the organization or changing its objectives. |
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8 Major Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
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Identify the problem.
Generate possible solutions. By applying constraints, eliminate proposals which do not solve the problem. Using the criteria, compare the alternatives to select the best solution. Plan how to implement the selected solution. Implement the solution. Evaluate the performance of the solution after its implementation Evaluate the expected performance or behavior of each proposed solution. |
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System analysts apply information technology to ...
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business problems and systems in order to improve production and services as well as provide improved monitoring, control, and managerial decisions.
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Basic systems concepts and models help analysts succeed in addressing ...
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the complexity of real-world systems.
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Matrix System Structure
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Matrix System Structure
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