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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rhinovirus
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Most common cause of common cold
Transmitted by hands to eye-nose contact No vaccine b/c of 100s of serotypes |
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Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)
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Most common viral cause of atypical pneumonia bronchiolitis (wheezing) in children
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Parainfluenza virus
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Most common cause of CROUP (laryngotracheobronchitis) in infants
causes INSPIRATORY STRIDOR (upper airway obstruction) d/t submucosal edema in trachea Anterior of neck shows "STEEPLE SIGN" representing mucosal edema in the trachea (site of obstruction) |
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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common pneumonia in immunocompromised host (BM transplant, AIDS)
presence of enlarged macrophages/pneumocytes, with basophilic intranuclear inclusions surrounded by a halo |
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Influenzavirus
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-Usually involves Type A Influ. virus
-Uses Hemagglutinins to bind virus to host cell receptors in the nasal passages -Uses Neuraminidase to dissolve mucus and facilitate release of viral particle Influ A pneumonia maybe complicated by a superimposed pneumonia (staph. aureus-secondary pneumonia) |
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Rubeola (measles)
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-Causes fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and excessive nasal mucus production
-patients usually have KOPLIK spots which precedes onset of rash -presence of Warthin-Finkeldey multinucleated |
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What is the difference between antigenic Drift and Shift seen with Influenzavirus?
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Drift:
-usually a minor mutation in either Hemagglutinins or Neuraminidase - no need for vaccination Shift: -usually a major mutation in either Hemagglutinins or Neuraminidase -Requires new Vaccination (Vaccination is usually only against Influ A) |
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SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome)
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infects the lower respiratory tract and then spreads systemically to produce severe respiratory infection
First transmitted to humans through contact with mask palm civet (China) and then human-human contact thru respiratory secretions (ex. hospitals, families) Dx with viral detection by PCR or detection of antibodies |
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Chlamydia
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C. pneumoniae:
-is the 2nd MCC of atypical pneumonia C. trachomatis: -causes newborn pneumonia via its passage thru the birth canal Symptoms include: Afebrile, staccato cough (choppy cough), conjunctivitis, wheezing |
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What is the major cause of conjunctivitis during the 2nd week of birth?
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C. trachomatis
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Coxiella burnetti (Rickettsia)
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Is the only rickettsia transmitted w/o a vector
contracted by dairy farms, veterinarians Associated with the birthing process of infected sheep, cattle, and goat, and handling of milk and excrement Causes: atypical pneumonia, myocarditis, granulomatous hepatitis |
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Mycoplasma
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Most common cause of atypical pneumonia
common in adolescents and military recruits (closed spaces) Insidious onset with low-grade fever presence of cold-agglutinins in blood |
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what are some of the complications of a Mycoplasma infection?
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Bullous myringitis
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia d/t anti-IgM antibodies |
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Strept. pneumoniae
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G+ lancet-shaped diplococcus
MCC of typical C-A pneumonia Rapid onset, productive cough, signs of consolidation |
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Staph aureus
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-G+ coccus in clumps
-presence of YELLOW sputum -commonly superimposed on H. Influ pneumonia and measles pneumonia -major pathogen in cystic fibrosis and intravenous drug abusers |
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What are some of the complication of a Staph aureus infection?
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-Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema
-abscess formation -presence of tension pneumocycts(intrapleural blebs) which may rupture and produce tension pneumothorax |
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Cornybacterium diphtheriae
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G+ rod
Produces toxins that: 1. inhibit protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 involved in protein synthesis 2. Impairs Beta-oxidation of FA in the heart Toxin-induced pseudomembranous inflammation produces shaggy gray membranes in the oropharynx and trachea |
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H. Influenza
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G- rod
MCC of sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis (pink-eye) Causes INSPIRATORY STRIDOR as a result of ACUTE EPIGLOTITTIS Swelling of the epiglottis show a "thumbprint sign" on lateral X-ray of the neck MOST COMMON BACTERIAL CAUSE OF ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD |
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Moraxella catarrahlis
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G- diplococcus
MCC of typical pneumonia especially in the elderly MCC of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media 2nd MC PATHOGEN CAUSING ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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G- rod
Production of green sputum (pyocyanin) Is a water-loving bacterial most often transmitted via respirators MCC OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA AND DEATH D/T PNEUMONIA IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS (pneumonia is often associated with infarction d/t vessel invasion) |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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G- fat rod surrounded by a mucoid capsule
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