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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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simple sentence
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A simple sentence contains one independent clause.
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We love chocolate cake
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COMPOUND:
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A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined together by a COORDINATING CONJUNCTION (and a comma) or by a SEMICOLON.
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We love chocolate cake, but we shouldn’t eat too much
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COMPLEX
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A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses joined together by a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
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We shouldn’t eat too much of this because chocolate cake is not part
of a healthful diet. |
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COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
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A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses, joined together with both a COORDINATING and a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
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We will still eat our chocolate cake, and we will not feel guilty even
though we will have to exercise not to gain any weight. (independent clause, independent clause, dependent clause) |
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COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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are used to connect independent clauses in compound and compound-complex sentences.
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FANBOYS: for, and nor, but, or, yet, so
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NOUN CLAUSE
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a dependent clause that is used as a NOUN
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• A NOUN CLAUSE can be used as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, an object of a preposition, or a predicate nominative.
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ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
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ADJECTIVE CLAUSE is a dependent clause that is used to modify a NOUN or PRONOUN.
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PRESENT PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
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end in –ing
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Whimpering, the puppy hid behind the sofa.
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PAST PARTICIPLES
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end in –ed, -en, -nt, or –t.
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Determined, Sarah made careful use of every resource at her disposal.
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PRESENT PERFECT PARTICIPLES
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consist of the helping verb “having” plus a PAST PARTICIPLE.
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Having considered all options, Louise finally made her decision.
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GERUND
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VERB FORM ending in –ing that functions as a NOUN.
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Running is my favorite form of exercise.
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INFINITIVE
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VERB FORM beginning with “to.
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To win the writing contest was Carol’s hope.
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PREPOSITIONS
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include: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead of, into, like, near, of, off, on, on top of, onto, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without.
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In my room in our house by the lake in Utah, I keep my collection of baseball cards.
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TRANSITIONAL PHRASE
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provides a smooth flow (or transition) from the previous sentence.
for example, for instance, in particular, that is, in fact, in addition, for this reason, on the contrary, and at that time. |
I had said that I wasn’t sure whether or not I wanted to go to the game this afternoon. In fact, I honestly have no desire to go.
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APPOSITIVE PHRASE
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APPOSITIVE PHRASE is a NOUN phrase that renames another NOUN in the sentence
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A bumbling excuse for a fool of a man, Mr. Simmons is avoided by all his neighbors.
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ABSOLUTE PHRASE
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An ABSOLUTE PHRASE consists of a NOUN followed by a PARTICIPLE
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The kittens whimpering inconsolably, the mother cat returned to the den.
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PERIODIC SENTENCE
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a sentence that makes sense fully only when the end of the sentence is reached
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At the end of the day, exhausted and hot, Clarisse thanked the bill the builder
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LOOSE SENTENCE
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is a sentence that would still make complete sense if it were brought to a close before the actual end of the sentence
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Clarisse thanked the repair man, tired from spending an entire afternoon in a hot attic.
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COMBINATION SENTENCE
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SENTENCE is a sentence that is both LOOSE and PERIODIC. This means that the main clause would make complete sense if it were brought to a close before the actual end of the sentence, but also that the main clause is interrupted by or follows a phrase or a series of phrase
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A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments, and gray,
steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered with oak, and studded with iron spikes. |
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TELEGRAPHIC SENTENCE
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a sentence that is short and to the point, and does not contain any extraneous or distracting elements whatsoever.
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Tensions flare.
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RHETORICAL QUESTION
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a question that is used to draw attention to a point or idea in such a way that is generally stronger than a direct statement would be.
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How can you expect to make an A if you don’t study?
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RHETORICAL FRAGMENT
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a sentence fragment used deliberately for a persuasive purpose or to create a desired effect.
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At the funeral we heard the final bell ring. THE FINAL BELL.
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PAIRED CONSTRUCTIONS
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refer to PAIRS of SENTENCES (or like elements within a sentence) that are connected to one another with a PAIR of CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS.
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The more I eat chocolate fudge sundaes, the less I enjoy strawberry shortcake and other desserts
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PARALLELISM
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the grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of sentences
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He loves swimming, running, and playing tennis
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ASYNDETON
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omission of conjunctions in a series of related phrases or clauses.
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I came, I saw, I conquered.
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POLYSYNDETON
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use of many conjunctions for special emphasis
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The puppy was jaunty and happy and slobbery and silly.
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ANAPHORA
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repetition in beginning.....the repetition of the same word (or group of words) at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses.
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It doesn’t make any difference with me. It doesn’t make any difference with a woman.
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EPISTROPHE
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repetition at end...repetition of the same word or group of words at the end of successive phrases or clauses
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Not in this ambulance business. Yes, even in the ambulance business
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SYMPLOCE
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combination of ANAPHORA and EPISTROPHE
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You do not mind it. You do not see it.
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ANADIPLOSIS
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repetition for end to beginning of next...
the very same word or phrase that ends one clause will also begin the next phrase or clause. |
On the field our team shall become victors. Victors of the championship we shall be
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EPANALEPSIS
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repetition in beginning and end...the phrase or clause will begin and end with the same word
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“Freedom, high day, freedom!”
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CHIASMUS
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arrangement of the words or ideas in the second phrase or clause as a reversal of those in the first.
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“It is not enough to preach about family values, we must value families.”
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ANASTROPHE
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yoda talk...elements of the sentence are placed in an order that differs from what would normally be expected.
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From our hearts was all doubt removed
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