Sympathetic Agonists And Antagonists

Front 1

cocaine

Back 1

inhibits reuptake of NE

Front 2

amphetamine

Back 2

displaces / increases release of NE

Front 3

resperpine

Back 3

blocks uptake of dopamine into vescicles

Front 4

haloperidol

Back 4

dopamine blocker

Front 5

D2 agonists

Back 5

Parkinson's disease

(D2 mostly in CNS)

Front 6

dopamine (low dose)

Back 6

1. vasodilation in renal vasculature (D1)

Front 7

dopamine (high dose)

Back 7

1. vasodilation in renal vasculature (D1)
2. systemic vasoconstriction (alpha-1)

at high doses, dopamine behaves like NE with its added effects on D1 receptors in the kidney

Front 8

prazosin

Back 8

alpha 1 blocker

Front 9

phenylephrine

Back 9

alpha 1 agonist

1. nasal decongestant

Front 10

methoxamine

Back 10

alpha 1 agonist

Front 11

alpha 1 agonists

Back 11

1. hypotension
2. nasal decongestant
3. paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
4. eye exam ( cause mydriasis)
5. local vasoconstriction with local anesthetics (dentistry)
6. urinary incontinence

Front 12

alpha antagonists

Back 12

1. BPH
2. hypertension

Front 13

clonidine

Back 13

alpha 2 agonist

1. HTN - works in the CNS to decrease NE release and decrease sympathetic outflow

remember anything clonidine can do, dexmeditomidine can do better!!!!

Front 14

dexmedetomidine

Back 14

alpha 2 agonist - new highly selective alpha 2 agonist

1. HTN
2. sedative in surgery

for hypertension, it decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS. Does not cause orthostatic hypotension!

don't use too much or it will lose its selectivity and activate alpha-1 causing hypertension, the opposite of the effect you would like to have

Front 15

dobutamine

Back 15

beta 1 agonist

Front 16

beta 1 agonists

Back 16

1. heart failure (short term)

short term because of beta 1 desensitization and downregulation

S/E tachycardia, hypertension (kidney?), arrhythmias (increase automaticity?)

Front 17

terbutaline

Back 17

beta 2 agonist

Front 18

albuterol

Back 18

beta 2 agonist

Front 19

beta 2 agonists

Back 19

1. asthma (causes bronchodilation)
2. emphysema
3. delay labor

S/E nervousness, headache, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, and muscle cramps

Front 20

beta 3 agonists

Back 20

1. weight loss (increase cAMP and lipolysis in fat cells)
2. heart failure (inotropy) - beta 3 dont downregulate like beta 1

Front 21

amphetamine
phenylpropanolamine
tyramine
ephedrine

Back 21

indirect acting sympathomimetic amine

Front 22

tyramine

Back 22

decarboxylation product of tyrosine

normally broken down by MAO

can be turned into octopamine, a false NT (which for some reason is released in huge amounts and causes a hypertensive crisis)

MAO inhibitors keep tyramine from being broken down and lead to increased synthesis of octopamine

Front 23

octopamine

Back 23

false NT made from tyramine that can cause a hypertensive crisis

Front 24

phenoxybenzamine

Back 24

irreversible alpha blocker

Front 25

phentolamine

Back 25

alpha blocker

(nonselective b/c it's an imidazoline deriv)

Front 26

prazosin

Back 26

alpha 1 blocker

(selective for alpha 1 b/c it's a quinazoline deriv)

Front 27

trimazosin

Back 27

alpha 1 blocker

(selective for alpha 1 b/c it's a quinazoline deriv)

Front 28

ADR of alpha blockers

Back 28

postural hypotension - alpha 1
tachycarda - BRR
miosis - alpha 1 in radial muscle
nasal stuffiness - alpha 1 in nasal arterioles
failure of ejaculation - cant shoot

Front 29

receptor specificity of phenoxybenzamine vs phentolamine

Back 29

phenoxybenzamine - blocks Ach, Histamine, and Serotonin

phentolamine - blocks Ach
mimics histamine and serotonin

Front 30

uses of alpha blockers

Back 30

1. hypertension (primary hypertension caused by too much sympathetic outflow only)

2. hypertensive crisis from pheochromocytoma

3. benign prostatic hypertrophy

4. urinary retention?

Front 31

yohimbine

Back 31

alpha 2 antagonist

1. clonidine overdose
2. male sexual performance

Front 32

Propanolol

Back 32

nonselective beta blocker

propanolol is the very first and prototypical nonselective beta blocker

Front 33

Timolol

Back 33

nonselective beta blocker

timolol is an eye drop for ophthalmic use

1. open angled glaucoma

Front 34

Pindolol

Back 34

nonselective beta blocker

has ISA activity and is good for congestive heart failure

Front 35

Nadolol

Back 35

nonselective beta blocker

Front 36

Metaprolol

Back 36

cardioselective beta blocker

Front 37

Atenolol

Back 37

cardioselective beta blocker

Front 38

Acebutalol

Back 38

cardioselective beta blocker

Front 39

Uses of beta blockers

Back 39

1. HTN (blocks Beta 1 mediated renin release from JG cells - this is a long term effect)

2. antiarrhythmic
a. supraventricular arrhythmia (by decreasing AV nodal conductance velocity)
b. PVC
3. Angina (decreases inotropy and HR, decreasing O2 demand)
4. hyperthyroidism (decreases the tachycardia caused by it)
5. open-angled glaucoma (blocks Beta 2 on ciliary body and decreases AH prodn)
6. Anxiety (decreases HR)
7. Migraines (blocks beta 2 receptors in cranial vasculature and thus blocks their vasodilation)

Front 40

Esmolol

Back 40

cardioselective beta blocker

short acting

Front 41

Labetalol

Back 41

Non-selective 3rd generation beta blocker

Front 42

Carvedilol

Back 42

non-selective 3rd generation beta blocker

Front 43

Celiprolol

Back 43

cardioselective 3rd generation beta blocker

Front 44

Betaxolol

Back 44

cardioselective 3rd generation beta blocker

Front 45

what are the 2 different types of 3rd generation beta blockers?

Back 45

labetalol and carvedilol A/E

block alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2

celiprolol and betaxolol
block beta 1 and alpha 1
they stimulate beta 2

(enhanced vasodilation and good for asthmatics)

Front 46

which beta blocker decreases mortality

Back 46

carvedilol - a nonselective 3rd generation beta blocker

blocks alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2

antioxidant activity

decreases mortality!