Survey Of Art Of The Western World I: Test One

Front 1

Corbel vault

Back 1

An arched masonry structure that spans an interior space.

Front 2

Clerestory

Back 2

In a basilica, the topmost zone of a wall with windows, extending above the aisle roofs. Provides direct light into the nave.

Front 3

Column

Back 3

• An architectural element used for support and/or decoration.
• Consists of a rounded or polygonal vertical shaft placed on a base and topped by a decorative capital.
• In Classical architecture, columns are built in accordance with the rules of one of the architectural orders. They can be free-standing or attached to a background wall (engaged).
  

Front 4

Cuneiform

Back 4

An early form of writing with wedge-shaped marks impressed into wet clay with a stylus, primarily used by ancient Mesopotamians.

Front 5

Cyclopean walls

Back 5

• A method of construction using huge blocks of rough-hewn stone.
  
• Any large scale, monumental building project that impresses by sheer size.
• Named after the Cyclopes (sing. Cyclops), one-eyed giants of legendary strength in Greek myths. Seen in Mycenae.
  

Front 6

Cylinder seal

Back 6

A small cylindrical stone decorated with incised patterns. When rolled across soft clay or wax, the resulting raised pattern or design served in Mesopotamian and Indus Valley cultures as an identifying signature.

Front 7

Engaged column

Back 7

a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached.

Front 8

Fresco

Back 8

A painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to a plaster surface. If the plaster is painted when wet, the color is absorbed by the plaster, becoming a permanent part of the wall (buon fresco).

Front 9

Hieroglyphics

Back 9

pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented.

Front 10

Post and lintel

Back 10

An architectural system of construction with two or more vertical elements (posts) supporting a horizontal element (lintel).

Front 11

hypostyle hall

Back 11

A large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof.

Front 12

Pylon

Back 12

A massive gateway formed by a pair of tapering walls of oblong shape. Erected by ancient Egyptians to mark the entrance to a temple complex.

Front 13

Kamares ware

Back 13

style of painted pottery associated with the palace culture that flourished on Crete during the Middle Minoan period (c. 2100–c. 1550 bc).

Front 14

Ka

Back 14

(in ancient Egypt) the supposed spiritual part of an individual human being or god, which survived (with the soul) after death and could reside in a statue of the person.

Front 15

Relieving triangle

Back 15

Approximate triangle above a lintel where masonry courses in a wall are corbelled over each other so avoiding any loading on the lintel (e.g. in Mycenaean work).

Front 16

Lapis Lazuli

Back 16

a bright blue metamorphic rock consisting largely of lazurite, used for decoration and in jewelry.

Front 17

Rhyton

Back 17

A type of vessel (used in ancient Greece) in the shape of a figure or an animal, used for drinking or pouring liquids on special occasions.

Front 18

Mastaba

Back 18

A flat-topped, one-story structure with slanted walls built over an ancient Egyptian underground tomb.

Front 19

Sarcophagus

Back 19

A stone coffin. Often rectangular and decorated with relief sculpture. Associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.

Front 20

Megalith

Back 20

A large stone used in some prehistoric architecture.

Front 21

Stele

Back 21

A stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs. Used as a grave marker or commemorative monument.

Front 22

Mesolithic

Back 22

of, relating to, or denoting the middle part of the Stone Age, between the Paleolithic and Neolithic.

Front 23

Tholos

Back 23

A small, round building. Sometimes built underground, e.g. as a Mycenaean tomb. Ancient Greek origin, especially one dating from the Mycenaean period.

Front 24

Ziggurat

Back 24

In ancient Mesopotamia, a tall stepped tower of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine. Ziggurats are first attested in the late 3rd millennium bc and probably inspired the biblical story of the Tower of Babel

Front 25

GUDEA

Back 25

ruler of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled ca. 2144 - 2124 BC.

Front 26

NARMER

Back 26

• ruler of Ancient Egypt at the end of the Predynastic Period and the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period.
• often credited with uniting Egypt and becoming the first king of Upper and Lower Egypt.
  

Front 27

IMHOTEP

Back 27

• The chief architect to the Egyptian pharaoh Djoser (reigned c.2630 - c.2611 BC).
• He was responsible for the world's first known monumental stone building, the Step Pyramid at Sakkara and is the first architect we know by name
  

Front 28

MENKAURE

Back 28

• an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom, who is well known under his Hellenized names Mykerinos (by Herodotus) and Menkheres
  
• the son of Khafra and the grandson of Khufu.
  

Front 29

KHAFRE

Back 29

• (2576-2551 BCE), fourth Egyptian King of the fourth dynasty, Old Kingdom.
• The son of Khufu
  
• Owner of the second pyramid at Giza.

Front 30

HATSHEPSUT

Back 30

• The fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.
• Came to the throne of Egypt in 1478 BC. Officially, she ruled jointly with Thutmose III who had ascended to the throne as a child one year earlier.
  

Front 31

NEFERTITI

Back 31

• One of the most mysterious and powerful women in ancient Egypt
  
• she was the queen alongside Pharaoh Akhenaten from 1353 to 1336 B.C
  

Front 32

AKHENATEN

Back 32

• ruler of Egypt for 17 years (c.1353-1336 BCE)
• originally named Amenhotep IV until 1348BCE
• radically transformed the political, spiritual, and cultural life of Egypt.
• founded a new religion which honored a single supreme god, the life giving sun deity "Aten"
• abandoned thebes (capital of egypt) and built a new capital much further North, calling it Akhetaten ("horizon of the Aten")

Front 33

TUTANKHAMUN

Back 33

• 11th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom.
  
• famous for the discovery of his completely intact tomb by the British archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922.
  
• thought to have been the son of Akhenaten
  

Front 34

Spotted Horses with Human Hands

Back 34

• Paleolithic period
  
• Pech-Merle Cave. Dordogne, France
• 25,000-24,000 BCE
• Paint on limestone

Front 35

Woman of Willendorf

Back 35

• Paleolithic period
• Austria.
• c. 24,000 BCE
• Limestone
  

Front 36

Wall Painting with Horses, Rhinoceroses and Aurochs

Back 36

• Paleolithic period
  
• Chauvet Cave. Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorge, France.
• Paint on limestone

Front 37

Hall of Bulls

Back 37

• Paleolithic period
  
• Lascaux Cave. Dordogne, France
• c. 15,000 BCE
• Paint on limestone

Front 38

Bird Headed Man with Bison

Back 38

• Paleolithic period
• Lascaux Cave, France
  
• c. 15,000 BCE
• Paint on limestone

Front 39

Bison

Back 39

• Paleolithic period
  
• Ceiling of cave in Altimira, Spain
• c. 12,500 BCE
• Paint on limestone

Front 40

Tomb interior

Back 40

• Neolithic period
  
• Newgrange, Ireland
  
• c. 3000-2500 BCE
• Corbeling and engraved stones

Front 41

Stonehenge

Back 41

• Neolithic period
  
• Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England
  
• c. 2900-1500 BCE

Front 42

Carved Vessel (Uruk Vase)

Back 42

• Mesopotamian art: Sumerian
  
• Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq)
• c. 3300-3000 BCE
• Alabaster

Front 43

Twelve Votive Statues

Back 43

• Mesopotamian art: Sumerian
• The Square Temple, Eshnunna (present-day Tell Asmar, Iraq
  
• c. 2,900-2,600 BCE
• Limestone, alabaster, and gypsum

Front 44

Great Lyre with Bull’s Head

Back 44

• Mesopotamian art: Sumerian
  
• Royal Tomb, Ur (present day Muqaiyir, Iraq)
• c. 2,600-2500 BCE
• Wood with gold, silver lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood support

Front 45

Cylinder Seal and modern impression

Back 45

• Mesopotamian art: Sumerian
  
• from the tomb of Queen puabi (PG 800), Ur (present day Muqaiyir, Iraq)
• c. 2600-2500
• Lapis lazuli

Front 46

Nanna Ziggurat

Back 46

• Mesopotamian art: Sumerian
  
• Ur, (present day Muqaiyir, Iraq)
• c. 2,100-2,500 BCE
• building proposed by Guti, dedicated to the moon god Nanna

Front 47

Stele of Naramsin

Back 47

• Mesopotamian art: Akkadian
  
• From Sippar; found at Susa (present-day Shush, Iran)
• r. 2,254-2,218 BCE
• Limestone

Front 48

Head of a Man (Akkadian Ruler)

Back 48

• Mesopotamian art: Akkadian
  
• from Nineveh (present-day Ninua, Iraq)
• c. 2,300-2,200 BCE
• Copper alloy

Front 49

Votive Statue of Gudea

Back 49

• Mesopotamian art: Lagash
  
• from Girsu (present-day Telloh, Iraq)
• c. 2090 BCE
• Diorite

Front 50

Stele of Hammurabi

Back 50

• Mesopotamian art: Babylonian
  
• probably from Sippar; found at Susa (present-day Shush, Iran)
• c. 1792-1750 BCE
• Basalt

Front 51

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions

Back 51

• Mesopotamian art: Assyrian
• from the palace of compile Assurnasirpal II
  
• Kalhu (present-day Nimrub, Iraq)
• c. 875-860 BCE
• Alabaster

Front 52

Reconstruction drawing of the Citadel of Sargon II

Back 52

• Mesopotamian art: Assyrian
  
• Dur Sharrukin (present-day Khorsabad, Iraq)
• demonstrated the use of art as a political propaganda

Front 53

Guardian Figures, Citadel of Sargon II,

Back 53

• Mesopotamian art: Assyrian
  
• Dur Sharrukin (present-day Khorsabad, Iraq)
  
• c. 721-706 BCE

Front 54

Reconstruction drawing of Babylon

Back 54

• Mesopotamian art: Neo-Babylonian
  
• Persia
• The palace of Nebuchadnezzer II, with its famous hanging gardens, can be seen just behind and to the right of the Ishtar Gate, west of the processional Way. the marduk looms in the far distance on the east bank of the Euphrates
  
• 6th century BCE

Front 55

Ishtar Gate

Back 55

• Mesopotamian art: Neo-Babylonian
• reconstruction; originally from Babylon (present-day Babil, Iraq)
  
• c. 575 BCE
• glazed brick

Front 56

Palette of Narmer

Back 56

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• from Hierakonpolis. early dynasty period
• c. 2,950 BCE
• Green schist

Front 57

Stepped Pyramid of Djoser

Back 57

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• Saqqara, Egypt
  
• c. 2,650-2631 BCE

Front 58

Great Pyramids

Back 58

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• Giza, Egypt
• forth dynasty, c. 2,575-2,450 BCE
• erected by Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu
• Limestone and Granite

Front 59

Sphinx

Back 59

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• Giza, Egypt
• c. 2520-2494 BCE
• limestone

Front 60

Khafre

Back 60

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
• Giza, Egypt. Valley temple of Khafre
• forth Dynasty: c. 2,520-2,494 BCE
• Diorite-gabbro geniess

Front 61

Menkaure and a Queen

Back 61

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• Giza, Egypt
  
• forth dynasty 2,490-2,472 BCE
• Graywacke with traces of red and black paint

Front 62

Seated Scribe

Back 62

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• found near the tomb of Kai, Saqqara, Egypt.
• fifth dynasty, c. 2,450-2,325 BCE
• Painted limestone with inlaid eyes of rock crystal, calcite and magnesite, mounted in copper

Front 63

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt

Back 63

• Egyptian art: Old Kingdom
  
• Tomb of Ti, Saqqara Egypt
• fifth dynasty, c. 2,450-2,325 BCE
• Painted limestone relief

Front 64

Rock-cut Tombs

Back 64

• Egyptian art: Middle Kingdom
  
• Beni Hassan, Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile
  
• twelfth dynasty, 1938-1756 BCE
• at the left is the entrance to the tomb of a provincial governor and commander-in-chief Amenemhat
• a typical tomb rock-cut tomb included an entrance portico (projecting porch), a main hall, and a shrine with a burial chamber under the offering shaft

Front 65

Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen

Back 65

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• from the tomb of Tutankhamen, Valley of Kings
• eighteenth dynasty, c. 1,332-1322 BCE
• gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones

Front 66

Great Temple of Amun, Karnak

Back 66

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• Karnak, Egypt
• c. 1,579-1,075 BCE

Front 67

Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Back 67

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• Dier el-Bahri, luxor Egypt
  
• Eighteenth dynasty, c. 1,473-1,458 BCE

Front 68

Colossal Figure of Akhenaten

Back 68

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• from the temple known as Gempaaten
• built early in Akhenaten's reign just southeast of the Temple of Karnak.
• Sandstone with traces of polychromy

Front 69

Akhenaten and his Family

Back 69

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• from Akhetaten (present day Tell el-Amarna)
• eighteenth dynasty, c. 1353-1336 BCE
• Painted limestone relief

Front 70

Nefertiti

Back 70

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• from Akhetaten (present day Tell el-Amarna)
  
• eighteenth dynasty, c. 1353-1336 BCE
  
• painted limestone

Front 71

Inner coffin of Tutankhamen

Back 71

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• from the tomb of Tutankhamen, Valley of Kings
• eighteenth dynasty, c. 1,332-1322 BCE
• gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stone

Front 72

Temple of Ramses II

Back 72

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
• Abu Simbel, a village in Nubia, southern Egypt
  
• Nineteenth dynasty c. 1279-1213

Front 73

Judgment of Hunefer Before Osiris

Back 73

• Egyptian art: New Kingdom
  
• illustration from a Book of the Dead
• nineteenth Dynasty, c. 1285 BCE
• shows 3 successive stages in Hunefer's induction into the afterlife
• painted papyrus

Front 74

Figure of a Woman

Back 74

• Aegean art: Cycladic, late Neolithic, early Bronze Age
  
• Cyclades, Greece
• c. 2600-2400 BCE
• marble

Front 75

Reconstruction drawing of the “Palace” Complex

Back 75

• Aegean art: Minoan
• Knossos Crete, Greece
  
• site was occupied since the Neolithic period; the Minoan complex of the Old Palace period
  
• c. 1900-1700 BCE
• rebuilt during the New Palace period c. 1700-1450 BCE

Front 76

Stairwell

Back 76

• Aegean art: Minoan
• Knossos Crete, Greece
  
• "Palace" complex
• New palace period, c.1700-1450 BCE

Front 77

Bull Leaping

Back 77

• Aegean art: Minoan
• Knossos Crete, Greece
  
• wall painting with areas of modern reconstruction, from the palace complex
• Late Minoan period, c. 1450-1375 BCE

Front 78

Harvester Vase

Back 78

• Aegean art: Minoan
  
• from Hagia Triada, Crete, Greece
• New Palace period, c 1650-1450 BCE
• Steatite

Front 79

Octopus Flask

Back 79

• Aegean art: Minoan
  
• from Palaikastro, Crete, Greece
• New Palace period, c. 1500-1450 BCE
• Marine-style ceramic

Front 80

Vapheio cup

Back 80

• Aegean art: Minoan
• one of two cups found near Sparta, Greece
  
• c. 1650-1450 BCE
• Gold

Front 81

Citadel at Mycenae

Back 81

• Aegean art: Mycenaean
  
• Peloponnese, Greece
• site occupied c. 1600-1200 BCE
• walls built c. 1340, 1250, 1200 BCE

Front 82

Lion Gate, Mycenae

Back 82

• Aegean art: Mycenaean
  
• main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae, southern Greece.
  
• corbeled structure
• c. 1250 BCE

Front 83

“Mask of Agamemnon”

Back 83

• Aegean art: Mycenaean
  
• funerary mask
• from the shaft grave V, Grave circle A, at Mycenae, Greece
• c.1600-1550 BCE
• hammered gold
  

Front 84

Dagger Blade with Lion Hunt

Back 84

• Aegean art: Mycenaean
  
• from Shaft Grave iv, Grave circle A, Mycenae, Greece
• organic motion of the figures, thin wastes, similar to Minoan
  
• c. 1550-1500 BCE
• Bronze inlaid with gold, silver, and niello

Front 85

Treasury of Atreus

Back 85

• Aegean art: Mycenaean
  
• Mycenae, Greece
• c. 1300-1200 BCE

Front 86

Mycenaean art

Back 86

• famous for its gold masks
• war faring imagery
• sturdy architecture consisting of citadels on hills with walls up to 20 feet thick and tunnels into the bedrock