Surgical Nursing - Dentistry

Front 1

What are key terms used to describe directionality in dentistry?

Back 1

Directional terms in dentistry include: labial, buccal, lingual, apical, coronal, occlusal, and interproximal.

Front 2

What does the term labial describe?

Back 2

Labial describes the surface of the tooth towards the lip.

Front 3

What does the term buccal describe?

Back 3

Buccal describes the surface of the tooth towards the cheek.

Front 4

What does the term lingual describe?

Back 4

Lingual describes the surface of the tooth towards the tongue.

Front 5

What does the term apical describe?

Back 5

Apical describes the surface of the tooth towards the root.

Front 6

What does the term coronal describe?

Back 6

Coronal describes the surface of the tooth towards the crown.

Front 7

What does the term occlusal describe?

Back 7

Occlusal describes the surface of the tooth facing the opposite jaw.

Front 8

What does the term interproximal describe?

Back 8

Interproximal describes the surface between adjoining teeth.

Front 9

What is the role of the assistant in veterinary dentistry?

Back 9

Assistants help to provide client education, assist the tech and vet, and perform basic prophy.

Front 10

What are the 3 chief complaints causing presentation of the animal to the clinic?

Back 10

The 3 chief complaints are: halitosis, health concerns, and cosmetic reasons.

Front 11

What kind of health concerns are usually related to dental issues?

Back 11

Health concerns of owners related to dental issues are: fractures, abscesses, and weight loss.

Front 12

What are the statistics concerning periodontal disease in dogs and cats?

Back 12

1 in 3 over the age of three have periodontal disease.

Front 13

What are 4 terms used to describe the external anatomy of the tooth?

Back 13

External anatomy terms include: crown, neck, root, and apex.

Front 14

What are 3 terms used to describe the internal anatomy of the tooth?

Back 14

Internal anatomy terms include: enamel, dentin, and pulp chamber.

Front 15

What are 4 terms used to describe the peridontium?

Back 15

Peridontium terms include: attached gingiva, cementum, aveolus, and attachment apparatus.

Front 16

What is the crown?

Back 16

The crown is the exposed part of the tooth protruding above gingiva.

Front 17

What is the neck?

Back 17

The neck is the junction between crown and root.

Front 18

What is the root?

Back 18

The root is the portion below gumline not covered by enamel.

Front 19

What is the apex?

Back 19

The apex is the portion of root deepest in jawbone.

Front 20

What holds teeth in place?

Back 20

Vessels, arterties, nerves, and periodontal ligament are located in area of apex to hold teeth in place.

Front 21

Where is enamel?

Back 21

Enamel covers the exposed crown of the tooth.

Front 22

What are the characteristics of enamel?

Back 22

Enamel functions as a protective covering for the inner layers of the tooth, and is one of the hardest substances on earth.

Front 23

What is dentin?

Back 23

Dentin is living tissue that comprises the bulk of tooth in crown, neck, and root.

Front 24

What is the pulp chamber?

Back 24

The pulp chamber is the inside portion of tooth containing nerve tissue, blood vessels, and connective tissue.

Front 25

Where is attached gingiva located?

Back 25

Attached gingiva extends from free gingival crest to mucogingival line.

Front 26

What is cementum?

Back 26

Cementum is modified bone that covers dentin below gum line.

Front 27

What is an alveolus?

Back 27

An alveolus is cavity or socket of jaw that surrounds and supports root of tooth.

Front 28

What is attachement apparatus?

Back 28

Attachment apparatus refers to periodontal ligament, veins, arteries, and nerves.

Front 29

What is eruption?

Back 29

Eruption is the process of tooth pushing thru gingival tissue.

Front 30

What is another name for baby teeth?

Back 30

Baby teeth are also called deciduous teeth.

Front 31

Which teeth are most commonly retained?

Back 31

The canine teeth are most commonly retained.

Front 32

When should deciduous teeth be lost?

Back 32

Deciduous teeth should be lost by the age of 6 months.

Front 33

What is the order in which teeth usually erupt?

Back 33

Teeth usually erupt in this order: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars?

Front 34

What are cheek teeth?

Back 34

Molars are also called cheek teeth in horses.

Front 35

What is the purpose of dental formulas?

Back 35

Dental formulas help to determine how many teeth an animal should have.

Front 36

How many deciduous teeth do felines have?

Back 36

Felines have 26 deciduous teeth.

Front 37

How many permanent teeth do felines have?

Back 37

Felines have 30 deciduous teeth.

Front 38

What is the difference in the dental formula between the deciduous and permanent teeth in felines?

Back 38

Feline permanent teeth have 2(M 1/1), which adds 4 more teeth.

Front 39

How many deciduous teeth do canines have?

Back 39

Canines have 28 deciduous teeth.

Front 40

How many permanent teeth do canines have?

Back 40

Canines have 42 deciduous teeth.

Front 41

What is the difference in the dental formula between the deciduous and permanent teeth in canines?

Back 41

Canine permanent teeth have an additional premolar , and 2 (M 2/3), which adds 14 more teeth.

Front 42

What is the time frame for the first teeth to erupt for dogs and cats?

Back 42

Incisors begun to erupt for cats and dogs at age 2 to 5 months.

Front 43

When do canine teeth usually erupt in dogs and cats?

Back 43

Canine teeth usually erupt at age 5 to 6 months.

Front 44

When should dogs and cats have a full set of permanent teeth?

Back 44

Dogs and cats should have a full set of permanent teeth by 8 months of age.

Front 45

Which tooth in horses is called a wolf tooth?

Back 45

The wolf tooth is premolar 1.

Front 46

How many deciduous teeth do equines have?

Back 46

Equines have 24 deciduous teeth.

Front 47

How many permanent teeth do equines have?

Back 47

Equines have 40 to 42 permanent teeth.

Front 48

Which teeth can be present at birth in horses?

Back 48

Horses can be born with incisors and premolars 1, 2, and 3.

Front 49

What is the leading cause of tooth loss?

Back 49

The leading cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease.

Front 50

What is the most common ideology for periodontal disease?

Back 50

The most common ideology for periodontal disease is bacterial infections.

Front 51

What are the 11 signs of periodontal disease?

Back 51

Periodontal signs include: edema, inflammed gingival crest, halitosis, calculus, pus, recession, ulceration, bleeding upon probing, bone loss, tooth mobility, and tooth loss.

Front 52

What are the 4 stages of periodontal disease?

Back 52

Periodontal disease stages include: Stage 1 Gingivitis, Stage 2 Advanced Gingivitis, Stage 3 Established Periodontitis, and Stage 4 Advanced Periodontal Disease.

Front 53

What are the 5 signs of healthy periodontal status?

Back 53

Healthy periodontal status signs are: coral pink color, smooth gums, firm tissue, defined stippling at gum margin, and minimal probe depth.

Front 54

What are the 6 signs of gingivitis?

Back 54

Gingivitis signs include: gingival inflammation, red color, bleeding with probling, loss of stippling, presence of nutrophils, yet no deterioration of supporting tissues.

Front 55

What are the 4 signs of advanced gingivitis?

Back 55

Signs of advanced gingivitis include: relatively smooth gums, inflammation of periodontal ligament, bleeding and edema upon probing, and tooth still stable and immobile.

Front 56

What are the 7 signs of established periodontitis?

Back 56

Signs of established periodontitis are: moderate loss of periodontal ligament attachment, moderate to deep pocket formation, 10 to 30% loss of supportive bone, furcation exposure, inadequate gingival topography, slight tooth mobility, yet can be reversed with increased oral hygiene.

Front 57

What are 2 signs of advanced periodontal disease?

Back 57

Signs of advanced periodontal disease are advanced breakdown of supportive tissues and severe pocket depth and recession.

Front 58

What is plaque?

Back 58

Plaque is a soft film comprised of microorganisms on tooth surface.

Front 59

What is calculus?

Back 59

Calculus is a hard deposit found on tooth surface that can be both above and below gumline.

Front 60

What is prophylaxis?

Back 60

Prophylaxis is cleaning to prevent periodontal disease.

Front 61

What is sulcus?

Back 61

Sulcus is no space between tooth and gingiva.

Front 62

What is a pocket?

Back 62

A pocket is the presence of space between tooth and gingiva.

Front 63

What is a furcation?

Back 63

Furcation is the area where multi-rooted tooth meet.

Front 64

What protective equipment is needed for safe dental cleaning?

Back 64

Protective equipment needed for safe dental cleaning includes: cap, mask, goggles, gloves, and lab coat.

Front 65

What 2 protective steps are taken for patients prior to performing a dental cleaning?

Back 65

Patient is usually put on antibiotics 3 to 4 days prior to cleaning and a blood chemistry panel is performed.

Front 66

What is the purpose of performing a blood chemistry panel?

Back 66

A blood chemistry panel helps to determine an animal's ability to withstand procedure and how well body will metabolize anesthetic.

Front 67

What are 3 steps should be made during a cleaning?

Back 67

Examinations should check for odor, check for tartar and loose or missing teeth, and missing or loose teeth should be charted.

Front 68

What are 2 types of teeth abscesses?

Back 68

Two types of tooth abscesses are dental fistula and oronasal fistula.

Front 69

What are the characteristics of a dental fistula?

Back 69

A dental fistula is a tooth abscess located under eye resulting in infection which drains into sinuses.

Front 70

What are the characteristics of an oronasal fistula?

Back 70

An oronasal fistula is an abscess located towards nose resulting in infection which drains into sinuses.

Front 71

How is an extracted tooth charted?

Back 71

An extracted tooth is marked with an X.

Front 72

How is a missing tooth charted?

Back 72

Missing teeth are circled on chart.

Front 73

What are 5 types of hand instruments used in dentistry?

Back 73

Hand instruments in dentistry include: explorer/probe, hand mirror, tartar removing forceps, scalers, and curettes.

Front 74

What is the use of an explorer/probe?

Back 74

An explorer/probe is used to measure recession and pocket depth.

Front 75

What is the purpose of a hand mirror?

Back 75

A hand mirror is used to visualize distal surface of teeth and to retract tongue and cheeks.

Front 76

How is a scaler used?

Back 76

A scaler is used to remove tartar and plaque from crown of tooth and should never be used under gum line.

Front 77

What are the 3 forms of scalers?

Back 77

Scaler forms include: claw, sickle, or hoe.

Front 78

What are the 2 types of curettes?

Back 78

The 2 types of curettes are gracey and universal.

Front 79

How is a curette used?

Back 79

A curette is used to remove tartar and plaque under gum line.

Front 80

What are 2 important rules to remember when using ultrasonic scalers?

Back 80

Ultrasonic scalers should never stay on tooth longer than 15 seconds or in pocket more than 5 seconds, and should not be used by tip.

Front 81

What is the technique to using an ultrasonic scaler?

Back 81

Hold handpiece in upright position, depress foot pedal, wait until water reaches end of scaler to set power and adjust water, hold like pen and apply gentle pressure to tooth, scale in sweeping motion, and move back and forth between teeth until all are scaled.

Front 82

What is a polisher?

Back 82

A polisher is a slow speed handpiece used to polish, smooth, and prep tooth surface.

Front 83

What is the technique to using a polisher?

Back 83

Fill prophy cup with paste, depress foot pedal, apply prophy cup to tooth, use gentle pressure and polish, rinse mouth and tongue.

Front 84

What is the daily care of dental equipment?

Back 84

Daily care of dental equipment includes: cleaning off debris with soap and water, sterilizing some parts with autoclave or cold sterilization, sharpening hand instruments, and wiping down machines, cords, and tubing with disinfectant.

Front 85

What is the weekly care of dental equipment?

Back 85

Weekly care includes: draining compressor of condensation, and ensuring handpieces are oiled.

Front 86

What is the first step of prophylaxis?

Back 86

The first step includes putting animal under general anesthesia and intubating, and positioning them with caudal portion elevated to allow fluids to run from mouth.

Front 87

What is the last step of prophylaxis?

Back 87

The last step of prophylaxis is to ensure dental chart and medical record is updated.

Front 88

What are 5 specialty procedures that may or may not be available in some clinics?

Back 88

Specialty procedures include: oral surgery, endodontics, pulp capping, dentures, and reconstructive surgery.

Front 89

What is floating?

Back 89

Floating is a procedure in equine work in which the continuously growing teeth must be filed.

Front 90

Which teeth are most commonly filed?

Back 90

Upper buccal and lower lingual teeth are most commonly filed.