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Surgical Nursing

Ureter

Urethra


Loop of Henle


Ureter


Trigone

Bandages are commonly placed on the legs of animals after surgical procedures to help prevent swelling and protect the incision. They can also be used to help stabilize fractures or protect wounds. Which of the following is NOT a sign of a potential bandage complication when monitoring the bandage of a forelimb bandage?

Swelling of the neck

Swelling of the neck


Slipping of the bandage


Soiling of the bandage


Swelling of the toes

An ovariohysterectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in veterinary medicine. This procedure entails which of the following?

Removal of the ovaries and uterus

Tying off of both fallopian tubes.


Removal of the ovaries and uterus.


Removal of the ovaries only.


Removal of the uterine body only.

If a break in sterile technique occurs during surgery, what should you do?

Notify the surgeon immediately

Ask the surgeon for permission to administer additional intraoperative antibiotics.


Notify the surgeon immediately.


Abort the surgery to reduce the likelihood of infection.


Send the patient home on at least 10 days of antibiotics.

During surgery, which is NOT considered sterile?

Back of surgical gown

Back of surgical gown


Surgical instruments


Surgical drape


Surgical gloves

A patient who has stopped breathing after administration of a short-acting anesthetic can be described as being which of the following?

Apneic

Atelectic


Eupneic


Apneic


Dyspneic

An example of a clean-contaminated surgery would be which of the following?

Intestinal foreign body removal

Splenectomy


Ovariohysterectomy


Intestinal foreign body removal


Nephrectomy

Splenectomy


Ovariohysterectomy


Intestinal foreign body removal


Nephrectomy

Which of the following instruments would be LEAST effective at cutting or removing bone from a patient?

Periosteal elevator

Michel trephine


Curette


Osteotome


Periosteal elevator


Gigli wire

The broad ligament attaches which structure to the body?

Uterus

Intestines


Bladder


Uterus


Spleen

Clipping an abdomen for a ventral midline laparotomy is one of the more common procedures done as a surgical nurse working with dogs and cats. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The abdomen should be clipped widely with at least 2 cm margins cranial to the xiphoid and 2 cm caudal to the pubis

The abdomen should be clipped widely with at least 2 cm margins cranial to the xiphoid and 2 cm caudal to the pubis.


As long as 0.5 cm margins of clipped areas are present around the incision, the surgeon should have no trouble.


Only enough hair should be clipped to perform the procedure.


The hair should be clipped from the xiphoid to the base of the pubis in all males.


The abdomen should be clipped from the manubrium to the pubis with 2 cm margins cranial to the manubrium and 2 cm caudal to the pubis.

Which of the following should be clean, but does not need to be sterile for surgical procedures?

Mask

Drape


Gloves


Mask


Gown

Castration is a common procedure performed in horses. How is a horse commonly positioned for the procedure?

Lateral recumbency with upper rear leg tied around neck

Dorsal recumbency with legs spread wide.


Dorsal recumbency with rear legs positioned cranially.


Dorsal recumbency with legs "hog" tied.


Lateral recumbency with upper rear leg tied around neck.

You are sterilizing this retractor for a wound repair surgery. Which retractor is this? (see image)

You are sterilizing this retractor for a wound repair surgery. Which retractor is this? (see image)

Weitlaner

Balfour


Malleable


Weitlaner


Gelpi

When performing orthopedic surgery, it is sometimes necessary to advance a pin into the medullary canal of a bone. Which of the following instruments should the surgeon be provided to advance a pin?

Jacobs chuck

Mallet


Osteotome


Periosteal Freer elevator


Jacobs chuck

The tibiotarsal joint may also be referred to as which of the following?

Hock

Hock


Stifle


Shoulder


Elbow

A subtotal colectomy in which a small amount of colonic contents spills into the abdomen in a cat is an example of which of the following?

Contaminated surgery

Clean-contaminated surgery


Infected (dirty) surgery


Clean surgery


Contaminated surgery

Which of the following conditions would cause the bowel to appear plicated (see photo)?

Which of the following conditions would cause the bowel to appear plicated (see photo)?

String foreign body

GI stasis


String foreign body


Inflammatory bowel disease


Parvovirus

What is the name for a steam sterilizer?

What is the name for a steam sterilizer?

Autoclave

Radiator


Autoclave


Filtration chamber


Steamvac

The surgeon asks for the Brown-Adsons. Which type of instrument is this?

Thumb forceps

Thumb forceps


Small curved clamp


Tissue scissors


Small retractor

Which of the following scenarios describes the proper care of surgical instruments?

Place in surgical milk. Remove from surgical milk and let instruments dry.

Place instruments in ultrasonic cleaner for approximately 10 minutes. Rinse instruments with distilled water and scrub as necessary. Place instruments in surgical milk. Remove from surgical milk and let instruments dry.


Rinse the instruments to remove the debris and residue. Place in an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes. Then place the instruments in surgical milk. After removing instruments from the surgical milk rinse them again.


Place instruments in surgical milk. Remove from surgical milk and rinse to remove and debris and residue. Place instruments in ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes. Let instruments dry.


Pre-rinse the instruments immediately after surgery to remove residues. Place in ultrasonic cleaner for approximately 10 minutes. Place in surgical milk. Remove from surgical milk and let instruments dry.

Which of the following is true of non-elective procedures?

They have to be performed immediately

An example of an non-elective procedure is ear cropping.


They should be performed at the veterinarian's convenience.


An example of a non-elective procedure is an ovariohysterectomy.


They have to be performed immediately.

The surgeon clamps off a bleeding blood vessel. It could be said that the surgeon achieved which of the following?

Hemostasis

Fibrinolysis


Hemolysis


Hemostasis


Coagulation

This long slender scissor is used for cutting delicate tissue. What is the name of this type of scissor? (see image)

This long slender scissor is used for cutting delicate tissue. What is the name of this type of scissor? (see image)

Metzenbaum

Mayo


Littauer


Metzenbaum


Iris

Which organ can be completely removed and is not required to sustain life?

Spleen

Intestines


Spleen


Liver


Heart

Which of the following suture/needle combination is most commonly used in veterinary medicine?

Swaged, curved needle

Eyed, straight needle


Swaged, straight needle


Eyed, curved needle


Swaged, curved needle

The veterinarian you work for is referring a Cocker Spaniel for an ear canal ablation procedure. What will this procedure entail?

Surgical excision and closure of the external ear canal

Ligation of the 8th cranial nerve.


A deep flush and culture of the ear canal.


Opening of the tympanic membrane and flushing of the middle ear.


Surgical excision and closure of the external ear canal.

When assisting with a forelimb declaw, it is helpful to place a tourniquet to help control hemorrhage. Where should the tourniquet be placed?

Just distal to the elbow

Just distal to the elbow.


Just proximal to the elbow.


Directly around the digit upon which the surgeon is working.


Over the proximal humerus.

A toggle-pin fixation for a luxated hip is going to be performed this afternoon. How will the patient be ultimately positioned for surgery after it is has surgically prepped?

Lateral recumbency

Lateral recumbency


Dorsal recumbency


Ventral recumbency


Hanging leg technique

A 10-year old male intact Rottweiler is currently undergoing surgery for removal of a prostatic mass. Which term best describes the procedure?

Prostatectomy

Prostatectomy


Onychectomy


Prostatitis


Cholecystectomy


Orchidectomy

In a horse, what is the most common surgical approach to the abdominal cavity?

Ventral midline incision

Transverse incision


Ventral midline incision


Parasaggital incision


Flank incision

A 10 kg Miniature Schnauzer is to receive 22mg/kg cefazolin intravenously following a laceration repair. If the concentration of the cefazolin is 50mg/ml, how many milliliters should be administered?

4.4

3.2


1.5


4.4


6.0


2.2

Novalsan is also known as which of the following?

Chlorhexidine

Betadine


Isopropyl alcohol


Phenol


Chlorhexidine

A client's dog has been diagnosed with a splenic mass that requires surgical removal. The dog has also been previously diagnosed with liver disease. The owner has pet insurance and is submitting a claim for the laparotomy. She is afraid the insurance company will deny the claim because of the liver disease and asks you to omit that from the medical record until the claim is approved.
Of the following, which would be the most appropriate action to take?

Explain to the owner that by law you can not change the medical record.

Explain to the owner that the medical record can not be altered but you can omit the liver disease from the claim form.


By law you must report attempted fraud to the insurance company.


Let the owner fill out the claim form by herself and you will be absolved of any responsibility of committing insurance fraud.


Explain to the owner that by law you can not change the medical record.

What purpose does this instrument serve? (see image)

What purpose does this instrument serve? (see image)

Holds the scalpel blade

Holds the scalpel blade


Helps to locate the uterine horns


Probes pockets under the gingiva


Cuts suture material

A 12 kg Springer Spaniel has been presented to your hospital for pyometra surgery. The veterinarian would like you to give 20 mls of Unasyn over 20 minutes on a syringe pump before the procedure. How many milliliters per hour will you set the pump to run for?

60

60


1


20


3

In which situation would a post-operative sponge count be necessary following an abdominal exploratory?

A sponge count should always be performed regardless of the nature of the abdominal surgery.

Sponge counts only need to be performed for mass removals.


Sponge counts are performed only when there is excessive bleeding.


Sponge counts are not necessary since they are radiopaque .


A sponge count should always be performed regardless of the nature of the abdominal surgery.

In what position is colic surgery most commonly performed?

Dorsal recumbency

Lateral recumbency


Standing


Dorsal recumbency


Ventral recumbency

Which of the following scissors are the most heavy duty and should be used for cutting through dense or thick tissues and fascia?

Mayo

Metzenbaum


Mayo


Olsen-Hegar


Iris

Electrocautery is often used for which of the following reasons?

Stop bleeding vessels

Stop bleeding vessels


Provide a shock to the heart


Sterilize the skin prior to surgery


Make an incision

An "FHO" would most likely be performed on a patient with which of the following problems?

Arthritic hip

Arthritic hip


Blindness from glaucoma


Ovarian cysts


Incontinence

Of the following list of retractors which one is not self-retaining?

Senn Rake retractor

Balfour retractor


Senn Rake retractor


Weitlaner retractor


Gelpis retractor

Asepsis implies which of the following?

There is no living organism present

There are less than 1000 colonies of bacteria present.


There is no living organism present.


There are less than 100 colonies of bacteria present.


There are only symbiotic bacteria present.

Which of the following delays wound healing?

Infection

Jagged edges


Bed of granulation tissue


Infection


Increased blood supply

Which of the following blades is the most commonly used when incising the skin of an animal?

No. 10

No. 10


No. 20


No. 12


No. 11

Nerve axons which are covered with a white sheath are known as being which of the following?

Myelinated

Slow transmitters


Sympathetic


Dead


Myelinated

A very young puppy presents with a history of milk coming from his nose and seems to cough and gurgle when he eats. What deformity commonly results in this presentation?

Cleft palate

Cleft palate


Persistent right aortic arch


Stenotic nares


Occluded sinus


Esophageal stricture

Which of the following statements is most correct about indicator tape?

Indicator tape should be placed on the outside of a wrap

Indicator tape should be placed on the inside of a wrap.


Indicator tape is only used if a sterilization strip is not used.


Indicator tape should be placed on the outside of a wrap.


Indicator tape should never be used on linens.

A tibial fracture needs to be repaired. The surgeon is intending to place a bone plate on the medial aspect of the tibia. How should the patient be positioned and prepped?

Dorsal recumbency with affected leg temporarily hung until the patient is draped.

Dorsal recumbency with leg tied to the table.


Dorsal recumbency with affected leg temporarily hung until the patient is draped.


Lateral recumbency with affected side down.


Lateral recumbency with affected side up.

The dog's abdominal region may also be referred to as which of the following?

Ventral region

Dorsal region


Ventral region


Anterior region


Proximal region

What instrument is being used to temporarily appose the skin edges of this tail wound in a cat?

What instrument is being used to temporarily appose the skin edges of this tail wound in a cat?

Backhaus towel clamp

Brown-Adson forceps


Backhaus towel clamp


Allis tissue forceps


Halsted mosquito forceps

Which of the following instruments is best suited for removing bone, such as may be done when removing the dorsal spinous process during spinal surgery?

Rongeur

Rochester-Carmalt forceps


Mallet


Kern forceps


Rongeur

What is a sarcolemma?

The cell membrane which encloses a muscle fiber

Connective tissue putting muscle fibers into groups.


A calcium storage unit in the muscle.


A contractile cell in the muscle


The cell membrane which encloses a muscle fiber.

What is the name for the triangular region of the bladder where the ureters and urethra are connected to the bladder?

Trigone

Medulla


Fundus


Body


Cortex


Trigone

The pancreas connects to which part of the intestine?

Duodenum

Ileum


Duodenum


Cecum


Jejunum

A fracture has just been repaired with a 3.5 mm screws. What is the 3.5 mm in reference to?

Screw diameter

Thread type


Screw length


Screw diameter


Pitch

A dog sustains a humeral fracture. Which nerve would most likely be damaged?

Radial nerve

Radial nerve


Suprascapular nerve


Ulnar nerve


Sciatic nerve

A dirty wound has edges and tissue that need to be removed. What is the term for removing questionable tissue?

Debridement

Debridement


Incising


Skin scraping


Grafting

You are assisting during surgery, and the surgeon is about to close the incision. She needs a pair of Olsen-Hegar needle holders. What is a fundamental difference between this type of needle holder as compared to others?

Has a built-in scissor

Does not have a ratcheting device.


The jaws are serrated for a better grip.


Has a built-in scissor.


The tips are magnetized.

For which procedure is a celiotomy performed?

Spay

Lung lobectomy


Pericardial window


Spay


Hemilaminectomy

When scrubbing in for a surgery, the minimum time for a scrub is which of the following?

5 minutes

15 minutes


10 minutes


5 minutes


1 minute

When is generally considered the optimal time to spay a dog?

At approximately 6 months of age

Anytime after the second estrus, but before the third.


At 2 years of age.


At approximately 6 months of age.


Anytime after the third estrus.

Which suture type is non-absorbable and would be ideal for placing skin sutures in a laceration?

Ethilon

Ethilon


Maxon


Monocryl


Chromic gut


Polysorb

Typically, when should a dog or cat be offered food following gastrointestinal surgery?

12-24 hours after surgery

48-72 hours after surgery


3-5 days after surgery


6-12 hours after surgery


12-24 hours after surgery

A bulldog presents for its fourth foreign body surgery. It eats dirt, toys, and other non-food substances on a regular basis. This condition of eating non-food items is known as:

Pica

Dysphagia


Coprophagy


Aerophagia


Pica

A canine patient just received open hip reduction surgery. What type of bandage do you use on this limb?

The Ehmer sling

The Ehmer sling


The Velpeau sling


The Spica splint


The Schroeder-Thomas splint

Which of the following is not a potential job responsibility of the technician during colic surgery?

Making the initial incision into the abdomen

Opening surgical packs


Administering anesthesia


Placing a jugular catheter


Making the initial incision into the abdomen

How can a technician determine if a pack was sterilized appropriately?

An indicator strip inside the pack changes color

The pack is double wrapped prior to autoclaving, ensuring sterility.


An indicator strip inside the pack changes color.


The pack is steaming when removed from the autoclave.


The tape on the outside of the pack is not broken.

The coffin bone is a layman's term for part of the anatomy of which species?

Horse

Dog


Sheep


Pig


Horse

Which of the following is NOT an indication for replacing the bandage on a dog 24 hours after a tibial fracture repair with a bone plate?

Occasional toe-touching with the limb

Toes are moderately swollen.


Strike-through of the bandage.


Occasional toe-touching with the limb.


Distal aspect was slightly urinated on while walking outside.

When doing a tie-over bandage, which suture would be the best suited for the "loop sutures" located around the wound periphery?

0 or 1-0 monofilament non-absorbable suture.

2-0 multifilament absorbable suture.


5-0 Polysorb suture.


2-0 catgut suture.


5-0 non-absorbable suture.


0 or 1-0 monofilament non-absorbable suture.

Chronic exposure to which hormone leads to a pyometra?

Progesterone

Estrogen


Progesterone


Luteinizing hormone


Testosterone

In order for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries, the partial pressure of the oxygen in the alveoli in the lungs must be:

Higher in the lungs than in the capillaries

Oxygen cannot diffuse through the alveoli.


Higher in the lungs than in the capillaries.


Higher in the capillaries than in the lungs.


The same pressure between both the lungs and the capillaries.

The small intestine is made up of four layers. Which of the following describes these layers from inside to outside?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis.


Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.


Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis.


Muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, serosa.

What is the proper terminology to describe a laceration under the right forelimb paw?

Palmar aspect

Posterior aspect


Anterior aspect


Palmar aspect


Plantar aspect

Ingesta must travel through which opening as it passes through the stomach into the duodenum?

Pyloric sphincter

Pyloric sphincter


Duodenal papilla


Lower esophageal sphincter


Bile duct


Anal sphincter

A 1-year old pregnant female bulldog presents with a history of unproductive labor. The dog has not had contractions in several hours, and the veterinarian has requested a chemistry panel. What value would be most important on this panel?

Calcium

Phosphorous


Calcium


Sodium


Albumin


Potassium

A surgeon is asking for any non-absorbable suture to close a skin defect. Which of the following sutures would NOT be appropriate for you to give the surgeon?

Polydioxanone

Silk


Polypropylene


Polydioxanone


Nylon

A feline patient presents for onychectomy. What does this entail?

Surgical nail removal

Nail trim


Bladder stone removal


Surgical nail removal


Neuter


Anal gland expression

Which animal might receive a perineal urethrostomy?

A male cat with a urethral obstruction

A dog that has a puppy stuck in the birth canal.


A dog with a pus-filled uterus.


A male cat with a urethral obstruction.


A female dog with a large bladder stone.

What type of folding method is preferred for cloth drapes that would allow for easy unfolding and placement of the drape?

Accordion folding

Accordion folding


Square folding


Triangle folding


Diagonal folding

The surgeon uses this instrument to place and cut his sutures. Identify this instrument (see image).

The surgeon uses this instrument to place and cut his sutures. Identify this instrument (see image).

Olsen-Hegar needle holders

Olsen-Hegar needle holders


Alligator forceps


Debakey forceps


Mayo-Hegar needle holders

When is the optimal time to clean surgical instruments?

Immediately after surgery

1 hour after surgery


Immediately after surgery


24 hours after surgery


15 minutes after surgery

In which part of the intestinal tract is nutrient absorption the greatest?

Jejunum

Ileum


Colon


Jejunum


Duodenum

A dog is being referred to the neurologist for a cervical disk compression that is causing forelimb paresis. Where will the surgical incision likely be made?

The ventral side of the neck

The ventral side of the neck


Between the shoulder blades


Inside the mouth


The dorsal neck region

Removal of sutures or staples before an incision has healed can result in unwanted complications. What is the typically recommended time window for suture/staple removal?

10-14 days after surgery

14-19 days after surgery


5-7 days after surgery


20-28 days after surgery


10-14 days after surgery

An incision made from xyphoid to pubis would be found where?

Ventral midline

Ventral midline


Ventral chest over the sternum


Over the dorsal hip region


Ventral cervical region

Which of the following suture size is the largest?

2

2


1-0


2-0


6-0

You are going to assist with a patella surgery and are asked to use this instrument (see image). What instrument is this?

You are going to assist with a patella surgery and are asked to use this instrument (see image). What instrument is this?

Senn Rake retractor

Gelpi retractor


Senn Rake retractor


Army Navy retractor


Balfour retractor

Which vessel transports blood from the intestines to the liver?

Portal vein

Portal vein


Renal artery


Hepatic duct


Vena cava

The hip joint is known as which of the following?

Coxofemoral joint

Coxofemoral joint


Femorotibial


Glenohumeral


Ileocecal

Which instrument is specifically designed for atraumatically clamping across the intestine?

Doyen forceps

Crile forceps


Kelly forceps


Doyen forceps


Rochester-Carmalt


Halted mosquito forceps

The adrenal glands are closest to what other structure?

Kidneys

Kidneys


Pancreas


Brain


Bladder


Liver

The retina is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Cranial Nerve II

Cranial Nerve VI


Cranial Nerve II


Cranial Nerve III


Cranial Nerve IV


Cranial Nerve I

In small animals, what is the name of the blind-ended pouch that is part of the large intestine and connects the ileum with the colon?

Cecum

Appendix


Guttural pouch


Gall bladder


Cecum

Which of the following appropriately describes a surgical preparation of an incision site?

Begin where the incision will be made and scrub in outward circles, not returning to the central area.

Alternate chlorhexidine and iodine scrubs for a total of 6 scrubs.


Scrub from cranial to caudal starting at the hairline.


Scrub and rinse the area a minimum of 6 times.


Begin where the incision will be made and scrub in outward circles, not returning to the central area.

You are scrubbing in to assist in a surgery. The scrub should occur in which order?

Fingertips, hands, wrists, forearms

Elbows, forearms, hands, fingers.


Forearms, wrists, hands, fingers.


Between fingers, wrists, forearms, fingertips.


Fingertips, hands, wrists, forearms.

A dog has torn his cranial cruciate ligament and is having surgery. What area should you clip and aseptically prep?

Stifle

Elbow


Hip


Abdomen


Stifle


Shoulder

The parotid gland is responsible for making and secreting which of the following?

Saliva

Sebum


Oxytocin


Saliva


Epinephrine


Tears

You are asked to assist the doctor with an intra-articular injection. Where will the injection be given?

Joint

Under the skin


Jugular


Bone


Joint


Middle-ear

The skin of a prepped surgical site is considered:

Aseptic

Aseptic


Sterile


Bacteria-free


Contaminated

A puppy presents to your clinic for surgery because he has an intussusception. What happened to the puppy?

Part of his intestine has telescoped inside of itself.

He swallowed a foreign object.


His intestine is twisted at the root of the mesentery.


Part of his intestine has telescoped inside of itself.


He has a tear in his body wall, and his abdominal contents are protruding into the subcutaneous region.

Celiotomies are performed on a routine basis in veterinary medicine. Which of the following procedures is performed through a celiotomy?

Ovariohysterectomy

Ovariohysterectomy


Femoral fracture repair


Tail docking


Lung lobectomy

72 hours have passed since performing and exploratory laparotomy. It is important to evaluate the incision on a daily basis to help detect any complications early. Which of the following would you not expect to find on a 3-day-old incision?

Mild serosanguinous discharge

Moderate redness


Moderate pain


Moderate swelling


Mild serosanguinous discharge

Which of the following statements is LEAST correct regarding dystocias and Cesarean sections?

The fetuses are not affected by the anesthetics delivered, as they do not cross the placenta.

The fetuses are not affected by the anesthetics delivered, as they do not cross the placenta.


Not all dystocias can be treated medically.


The gravid female may have difficulty breathing when anesthetized.


Metabolic alterations such as hypocalcemia should be corrected.

A thoracotomy procedure would involve an incision made into the:

Chest

Forelimb


Tympanic membrane


Chest


Abdomen


Skull

You are assisting with an exploratory surgery, and the dog has a septic peritonitis from a perforated bowel. Before closure, the veterinarian lavages the abdomen with what?

Sterile physiologic saline

Sterile physiologic saline with betadine


Sterile physiologic saline


Sterile physiologic saline infused with antibiotics


Sterile Lactated Ringer's solution

A 6-month old puppy has presented to the hospital with a history of severe straining to defecate. A fecal float identifies a severe parasitic infection. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, and the doctor identified that one of the loops of intestine was telescoping into another segment of intestine. What is this called?

Intussusception

Evisceration


Hydrometra


Strangulation


Intussusception

Which of the following forceps is most appropriate for use in reducing a fracture?

Kern forceps

Kern forceps


Kelly forceps


Rochester-Carmalt forceps


Rochester-Oschner forceps

A client has called your hospital to schedule a castration to be performed on her rabbit. The owner says she remembers that she had to fast her dog when he got neutered and asks if she should do the same for the rabbit. What is the correct response?

The rabbit should not be fasted.

The rabbit should be fasted for 6 hours prior to being dropped off at the hospital.


The rabbit should be fasted for 12 hours prior to being dropped off at the hospital.


The rabbit should not be fasted.


The rabbit should fasted for 24 hours prior to being dropped off at the hospital.

A dog has dislocated his hip joint and the doctor has reduced the dislocation. What can be used to hold the hip in place?

Ehmer sling

Ehmer sling


Strict cage rest


External fixator


Robert Jones bandage

Where would you find a Sertoli cell tumor?

Testicle

Brain


Adrenal gland


Testicle


Pancreas


Kidney

Surgeons performing orthopedic surgery will need cerclage wire from time to time to reconstruct bone fractures. Which of the following gauges represents the largest diameter wire?

18 gauge

20 gauge


18 gauge


26 gauge


22 gauge

In the United States, what is the appropriate color of an oxygen gas tank?

Green

Black


Yellow


Green


Gray


Blue

Which of the following is NOT a good recommendation to make to an owner after having had a declaw performed on their cat?

Use clay based litter in the litter box

Monitor the bandages for slippage.


Restrict his activity as much as possible.


Discourage licking or chewing of the toes.


Use clay based litter in the litter box.

What is the standard temperature and duration accepted for autoclaving?

250 degrees Fahrenheit for 13 minutes

150 degrees Fahrenheit for 55 minutes.


1200 degrees Fahrenheit for 60 minutes.


400 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes.


250 degrees Fahrenheit for 13 minutes.

An elastrator band is used for which purpose?

Castration

Castration


Valve replacement in the heart.


To hold pressure on the abdomen in cases of hemoabdomen.


To aid in ambulation for pets that have had back or orthopedic surgery.


To reduce stomach size in obese pets.

A method of castration that is performed without incising the skin is known as:

Closed castration

Inguinal castration


Occult castration


Cryptic castration


Closed castration

A 3-year old female Doberman presents for a routine spay. The owner states that she has not recently been in heat and has been healthy her entire life. The veterinarian is concerned that Doberman Pinchers are predisposed to having von Willebrand's Disease (vWD). Which of the following diagnostic tests would give the best indication of whether the dog has an increased risk of bleeding due to this disorder?

Buccal mucosal bleeding test

Total protein level


Abdominal ultrasound


Chest radiographs


Buccal mucosal bleeding test

In regards to the musculoskeletal system, what is the function of an abductor muscle?

Moves a limb away from the median plane

Moves a limb toward median plane.


Prevents rotational movement of a limb.


Will not allow a limb to move away from the median plane.


Moves a limb away from the median plane.

One of the most common incisional complications encountered in veterinary surgery is the formation of a seroma. Which of the following is a poor treatment choice for an incision diagnosed with a seroma?

Antibiotics

Exercise restriction


Warm compress


Placement of a drain


Antibiotics

Which of the following species is unable to vomit?

Horses

Cows


Cats


Dogs


Birds


Horses

Where is the subcutaneous tissue in relation to the dermis?

Immediately below the dermis

The subcutaneous tissue runs within the dermis.


Immediately below the dermis.


Immediately above the dermis.


Two layers above the dermis.

What is the recommended treatment option for a closed pyometra?

Ovariohysterectomy

PGF 2-alpha


Antibiotic therapy


Ovariohysterectomy


Estrogen therapy

Which of the following types of wounds would most benefit from a wet-to-dry bandage?

A dog hit by a car that has an open wound with gravel debris and macerated tissues

A dog that has a scrape on its hock with a large surface area.


A dog with a clean cut on its side from a fence.


A dog hit by a car that has an open wound with gravel debris and macerated tissues.


A dog that has a lick granuloma on its forelimb that is severely inflamed.

A vessel is bleeding during surgery, and the surgeon uses this tool to clamp the vessel. Which tool is this? (see image)

A vessel is bleeding during surgery, and the surgeon uses this tool to clamp the vessel. Which tool is this? (see image)

Mosquito hemostat

Carmalt clamp


Mosquito hemostat


Brown-Adson forceps


Olsen-Hegar needle holders

Why is nitrous oxide contraindicated in gastrointestinal surgeries?

Causes nitrous build up in the GI tract

Causes vomiting


Causes nitrous build up in the GI tract.


Causes flatulence.


Longer recovery due to delayed GI emptying.


Causes hypersegmentation of the bowel.

Which of the following best describes a seroma?

A fluid pocket at an incision site that is not infected.

A pocket or distribution of air under the skin.


A mass of immune cells that forms due to tissue injury that can occur from trauma or surgery.


A fluid pocket at an incision site containing pus.


A fluid pocket at an incision site that is not infected.

A Jamshidi needle is used for which of the following procedures?

Bone marrow core biopsy

Bone marrow aspirate.


Joint tap.


Liver core biopsy.


Bone marrow core biopsy. 


Cerebrospinal fluid tap.

Bone marrow aspirate.


Joint tap.


Liver core biopsy.


Bone marrow core biopsy.


Cerebrospinal fluid tap.

A Great Dane is presented for her ovariohysterectomy. The owner would also like to have a procedure done at the same time to secure her stomach to the body wall to prevent her from a gastric dilatation volvulus in the future. What is this procedure called?

Gastropexy

Gastrectomy


Gastropexy


Gastrotomy


Gastric bypass

A suture pack with a cutting needle would be used on which of the following?

Skin

Urinary bladder


Skin


Gall bladder


Intestine

In which situation would perioperative antibiotics NOT be indicated?

Excisional biopsy of a 2cm mass

Surgery on a patient with hyperadrenocorticism.


Excisional biopsy of a 2cm mass.


Surgery on a patient with diabetes mellitus.


Surgery on a patient treated with glucocorticoids.


An orthopedic procedure lasting 1 hour.

This instrument would be most useful in an operation involving which organ?

This instrument would be most useful in an operation involving which organ?

Eye

Liver


Bladder


Intestine


Eye

Which breed almost always needs a Cesarean section to give birth?

English Bulldog

Chihuahua


English Bulldog


Bedlington Terrier


Yorkshire Terrier

A patient has sustained a burn to the skin corresponding to the area where the electrocautery ground plate had been placed. What is the most likely reason this occurred?

The ground plate had poor contact with the patient's skin.

The electrocautery unit was inadvertently switched to bipolar mode.


The ground plate had poor contact with the patient's skin.


The power level was too high.


The surgeon used the cut mode for over 30 seconds.

When performing abdominal surgery, which of the following instruments is frequently used retract the abdominal wall?

Balfour retractor

Balfour retractor


Finochietto retractor 


Malleable retractor 


Myerding retractor

Balfour retractor


Finochietto retractor


Malleable retractor


Myerding retractor

The placenta supplies the fetus with oxygen via which structure?

Umbilical vein

Umbilical arteries


Ductus venosus


Foramen ovale


Umbilical vein


Left portal vein

When placing a bandage on the limb, what is the main purpose for leaving the tips of the toes exposed?

When placing a bandage on the limb, what is the main purpose for leaving the tips of the toes exposed?

Monitor for swelling

Prevent odor


Prevent swelling


Monitor for swelling


Prevent soiling


Allow for toe nail trims

A dog has recently obtained a fresh superficial linear wound after lacerating its flank on a fence. Within what time period can this wound be optimally repaired by primary closure?

8 hours

3-5 days


12-24 hours


8 hours


2 hours

After finishing a routine enterotomy, the surgeon prepares to perform a leak check of the site. What instruments should you hand the surgeon?

Sterile syringe, needle, and saline

Sterile saline and the appropriate sized suture.


Sterile syringe, needle, and saline.


Sterile red rubber catheter and saline.


Sterile suction tip and gauze.

Which of the following correctly describes a "surgeon's knot" which may be used to close tissues where tension makes it difficult to apply a regular square knot?

It involves passing one strand through the loop twice on the first throw

It is an alternative term used to describe a half-hitch knot.


When applied correctly, it results in moderate inversion of the tissue.


It is a continuous pattern.


It involves passing one strand through the loop twice on the first throw.

What is the best method for handling tissues during abdominal surgery when they must be placed outside of the peritoneal cavity?

Tissues and organs outside the abdomen should be covered with saline-moistened sponges.

Tissues and organs should never be exteriorized from the abdomen.


Tissues and organs outside the abdomen should be covered with saline-moistened sponges.


Tissues and organs outside the abdomen should be wrapped in a dry gauze or sponge.


Tissues and organs outside the abdomen should be covered in an antibiotic-impregnated solution and sponges.

Which of the following instruments is the least traumatic to use on the intestine?

Debakey forceps

Brown-Adson forceps


Curved mosquito forceps


Rat-toothed forceps


Debakey forceps

You have assisted with multiple biopsies on a pet. You are asked to package up the samples for submission. You have taken several samples including GI tract, liver, and skin. What is the best way to package these?

In formalin with a 10:1 ratio of formalin to tissue.

In formalin with a 10:1 ratio of formalin to tissue.


In isopropyl alcohol enough to cover over the tissue.


In 0.9% saline with a 5:1 ration of saline to tissue


In a sterile container with no additives.

Esmarch bandages and tourniquets are occasionally used in equine surgery. What is the maximum time that a tourniquet may be left in place?

2 hours

1 hour


4 hours


30 minutes


2 hours

Which of the following is NOT considered good surgical instrument care?

Using tap water

Using tap water.


Using an ultrasonic cleaner.


Using a brush to scrub the instruments.


Using cleaning agents at a pH of approximately 10.

An animal is hit by a car and has a broken leg in which the bone is sticking out through the skin. This is an example of which fracture type?

Compound

Spiral


Comminuted


Compound


Greenstick

The attending veterinarian would like you to administer a 22 mg/kg dosage of Cefazolin to a 67 pound dog that is about to have surgery. You find that the vial that has been reconstituted is empty and you need to make a new bottle. How much sterile...

The attending veterinarian would like you to administer a 22 mg/kg dosage of Cefazolin to a 67 pound dog that is about to have surgery. You find that the vial that has been reconstituted is empty and you need to make a new bottle. How much sterile water will you add to a 1 gram vial if you want the concentration to be 200 mg/ml?

5 ml

1 gram of powder can not be reconstituted to 200 mg/ml


50 mls


5 ml


200 mls

You are scrubbed in and assisting with a digit amputation. The surgeon asks for this instrument (see image). What instrument is this?

You are scrubbed in and assisting with a digit amputation. The surgeon asks for this instrument (see image). What instrument is this?

Allis tissue forceps

Towel clamp


Allis tissue forceps


Alligator forceps


Debakey forceps

Which of the following could be used for hemostasis at the site of a liver punch biopsy?

Gelfoam

Bone wax


Styptic powder


Gelfoam


Silver nitrate

The sacculus rotundus is part of the intestinal anatomy of which species?

Rabbit

Rabbit


Psittacine bird


Horse


Camel

For which procedure is a celiotomy performed?

Spay

Lung lobectomy


Pericardial window


Hemilaminectomy


Spay

In which situation would perioperative antibiotics be strongly indicated?

Arthroscopy

Orchidectomy


Ovariohysterectomy


3.5 cm lipoma excision


Arthroscopy

Which describes the proper order of intestinal segments?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon

Jejunum, ileum, duodenum, colon


Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon


Ileum, duodenum, jejunum, colon


Jejunum, duodenum, ileum, colon

Smooth muscle is found in what regions?

Hollow organs

Within the muscles of the eye


Hollow organs


Extremities


Within the muscles of mastication

This retractor is being used to hold open a laryngotomy incision in a horse. Which instrument is this?

This retractor is being used to hold open a laryngotomy incision in a horse. Which instrument is this?

Gelpi

Senn


Balfour


Deaver


Gelpi

What is the typical length of time that an incision should be monitored after an uncomplicated surgery?

2 weeks

5 days


21 days


2 weeks


48 hours

A dog presents with a 1-week old wound on her side. The wound is foul-smelling and has dead tissue. What term best describes this wound?

Necrotic

Necrotic


Ulcerated


Fluctuant


Fistulated

The shoulder joint links which two bones?

Scapula and humerus

Humerus and ulna


Radius and ulna


Scapula and humerus


Humerus and radius

Which of the following is not considered part of the large intestine?

Ileum

Ileum


Colon


Cecum


Rectum

The surgeon accidentally drops this clamp on the floor. You pick it up and he asks for another one. What is the name of this instrument? (see image)

The surgeon accidentally drops this clamp on the floor. You pick it up and he asks for another one. What is the name of this instrument? (see image)

Kelly clamp

Backhaus clamp


Carmalt clamp


Kelly clamp


Mayo clamp

Which of the following surgical instruments should never be autoclaved?

Surgical drills

Scalpel blades


Mosquito forceps


Surgical towels


Gauze sponges


Surgical drills

Which structure is NOT a part of the equine large intestine?

Ileum

Ileum


Right Dorsal Colon


Pelvic Flexure


Cecum


Left Dorsal Colon

Which substance should never be used for prepping the digits for a declaw if a laser is going to be used?

Alcohol

Chlorhexidine


Alcohol


0.9% sodium chloride


Povidone iodine

What is the name for the muscle group that includes the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius?

Quadriceps

Hamstrings


Triceps


Quadriceps


Gluteals

Which of the following is NOT part of the small intestine?

Ascending colon

Ileum


Ascending colon


Duodenum


Jejunum

In which situation would perioperative antibiotics be strongly indicated?

Arthroscopy

Orchidectomy


Ovariohysterectomy


3.5 cm lipoma excision


Arthroscopy

Which of the following terms describes an incision into the bladder?

Which of the following terms describes an incision into the bladder?

Cystotomy

Cystotomy


Cystocentesis


Cystectomy


Dystocia

What is the name of the portion of the stomach that attaches to the esophagus?

Cardia

Pylorus


Hypopharynx


Cardia


Duodenal papilla

Which type of fracture occurs at the growth plate and is seen in young animals?

Salter-Harris

Transverse


Oblique


Comminuted


Salter-Harris


Greenstick

You are scrubbed in as the surgery technician and are assisting with an intestinal foreign body removal. The surgeon wants to clamp the intestine above and below the foreign body. What instrument could be used for this?

Doyens

Brown-Adsons


DeBakeys


Gelpis


Doyens

A client presents with her 8-week old puppy. She wants to know when she can be spayed. What is the ideal recommended age for spays and neuters?

5-6 months

5-6 months


8-10 months


10-12 weeks


The younger the better, as young as 2 weeks.

While evaluating a post-operative patient, a small amount of serosanguinous fluid is noted oozing from the surgical incision. What is the best course of action?

Notify the veterinarian

Clean the incision with hydrogen peroxide.


Start the patient on antibiotics.


Apply a bandage over the incision.


Notify the veterinarian.

A dog owner is considering having a scheduled cesarean section for her dog and would like some more information regarding the risks associated with the procedure. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Performing a spay at the time of surgery does not affect milk production.

Performing a cesarean delivery will result in the dog being unable to have another pregnancy.


Performing a spay at the time of surgery is not recommended as there is a risk that the female will not display maternal instincts.


Performing a cesarean delivery will result in decreased milk production.


Performing a spay at the time of surgery does not affect milk production.

A 9-year old Greyhound presents to your clinic with an ulcerating mast cell tumor, located subcutaneously over the left scapula. You immediately schedule the dog for a wide surgical excision after no evidence of metastatic disease is identified on a complete blood count, serum chemistry, thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound. Which drug is contraindicated in this patient?

Thiopental

Propofol


Atropine


Acepromazine


Thiopental


Ivermectin

Which is true regarding umbilical hernias?

They usually consist of a small piece of fat protruding through the body wall and are not life-threatening.

They usually consist of a small piece of fat protruding through the body wall and are not life-threatening.


They usually progress until a loop of bowel is strangulated through the defect and should be repaired as an emergency procedure.


The best treatment for all umbilical hernias is benign neglect.


They should not be repaired at the same time as a spay or neuter procedure.

When performing a median sternotomy as seen in the image below, the surgeon will use the retractor seen in the image. What is its name?

When performing a median sternotomy as seen in the image below, the surgeon will use the retractor seen in the image. What is its name?

Finochietto retractor

Army-Navy retractor


Gelpis retractor


Balfour retractor


Finochietto retractor

What instrument is used to perform a castration in horses?

Emasculator

Freedom forceps


Kelly carmalt


Rongeurs


Emasculator

Which of the following retractors would you hand a surgeon if he/she needs to be able to retract the liver out of the way?

Malleable retractor

Senn Rake retractor


Malleable retractor


Balfour retractor


Gelpis retractor

What is it called when a limb is moved outward or away from the median plane of the body?

Abduction

Abduction


Adduction


Extension


Flexion

This tool is most often used for which purpose? (see image)

This tool is most often used for which purpose? (see image)

Finding the uterine horns

Scooping out bladder stones.


Finding the uterine horns.


Probing the intestine.


Retracting the eyelids during ocular surgery.

Which of these therapies would prevent weight-bearing of a limb?

Ehmer sling

Ehmer sling


Schroeder-Thomas splint


Mason-Meta splint


Fiberglass cast

Which of the following is accurate about a cryptorchid dog?

Has one or both testicles retained and not in the scrotum

Is prone to prostate infections


Has one testicle larger than the other.


Has both male and female sexual organs.


Has an additional testicle.


Has one or both testicles. retained and not in the scrotum.

When applying a bone plate to fix a fracture, which of the following instruments would be least useful?

Trocar

Drill guide


Point-to-point forceps


Screw driver


Trocar


Tap

A pus-filled uterus is known as which of the following?

A pus-filled uterus is known as which of the following?

Pyometra

Pyometra


Pythiosis


Pyoderma


Pyogenes

A dog is having a mass removed from his side. What is the general term for this procedure?

Lumpectomy

Tumorectomy


Massectomy


Buldgectomy


Lumpectomy


Mastectomy

A purse-string suture would be been placed for which of the following surgeries?

Perianal mass excision

Enterotomy


Cystotomy


Perianal mass excision


Enucleation

It is estimated that blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels become elevated when what percentage of kidney function is lost?

75%

75%


50%


90%


25%

Which of the following is an important safety feature that one must follow when using biomedical lasers for surgery?

Special safety glasses must be worn.

The operator must hold his breath while the laser is being activated.


The patient must be maintained on oxygen only.


Special safety glasses must be worn.


The patient's incision site may only be scrubbed with 0.05% dilute chlorhexadine solution.

After performing intestinal surgery, there is a small possibility of complications. What would be the consequence of an intestinal dehiscence?

Septic abdomen

Sterile peritonitis


Inflammatory bowel disease


Persistent diarrhea and intermittent vomiting.


Septic abdomen

This instrument is commonly used in surgery for grasping tissues. vWhat is the name of this instrument? (see image)

This instrument is commonly used in surgery for grasping tissues. vWhat is the name of this instrument? (see image)

Brown-Adson forceps

Debakey forceps


Kelly forceps


Brown-Adson forceps


Allis tissue forceps

How much 2% lidocaine should be drawn up if performing an intra-articular injection at a dose of 2mg/kg in a 38-kg dog?

3.8 ml

7.6 ml


38 ml


12 ml


3.8 ml

Which of the following is NOT true concerning a penrose drain?

It is also referred to as a closed suction drain.

It is a soft, thin-walled, collapsible, latex rubber tube.


Fluid drains around the penrose tube, not through it.


It is also referred to as a closed suction drain.


It is a passive drain.

When using the ultrasonic cleaner, it is important to do which of the following?

Lay the instruments in an open position.

Run the clean cycle for at least 27 minutes.


Lay the instruments in an open position.


Add surgical milk to the solution.


Scrub the instruments while the ultrasonic cleaner is running.

When is the appropriate time to immerse surgical instruments in surgical milk?

After being cleaned in the ultrasonic cleaner.

Just prior to placing them in the ultrasonic cleaner.


After being cleaned in the ultrasonic cleaner.


After a preliminary rinsing of the instruments


Immediately after surgery.

Which type of gloving method would result in the least chance for contamination?

Closed gloving

Closed gloving


Double open gloving


Open gloving


Assisted gloving

Bone is made by which type of cell?

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts


Osteoblasts


Chondrocytes


Osteocytes

Which of the following is NOT a component of an incisional dehiscence secondary to infection?

Cold to the touch

Cold to the touch


Swelling


Pain


Purulent discharge