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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which term literally means without feeling and is defined as a loss of sensation |
anesthesia |
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which state of anesthesia is defined as a reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the entire body produced by administration of one or more anesthetic agents |
general anesthesia |
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a stage of anesthesia that has a sufficient loss of sensitivity to pain and muscle relaxation to allow for the performance of surgery without the pain or movement is |
surgical anesthesia |
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a state in which a patient is aware or unaware of the surroundings but can be easily aroused by a noxious stimulate is referred to as |
sedation |
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which of the following is drug induced sleep from which it can be very difficult to rouse the patient |
narcosis |
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the application of an anesthetic directly to the body surface to create a localized loss of sensation is referred to as |
topical anesthesia |
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the use of premedication such as acepromazine along with anesthesia induction with propofol, maintenance of isoflurane and bupivacaine placed near the sensory nerves would be an example of |
balanced anesthesia |
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which of the following is not a role of the credentialed veterinary technical in regard to the practice of anesthesia` |
deciding which drugs will be used for the anesthesia event |
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the term hypnosis refers to |
a drug induced sleeplike state that impairs the ability of the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli |
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a complete signalment includes |
species, breed, age, sex and reproductive status |
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which of the following breeds of dog is more difficult to intubate and demands close supervision to ensure a patent airway before, during and after any anesthetic procedure |
english bulldog |
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neonates or pediatric patients require special consideration when deciding what drugs to use becasue |
the liver metabolic pathways are not fully developed |
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which finding on a physical examination indicates decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and a predisposition to hypoxemia |
anemia |
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how should anesthetics be dosed in obese patients |
at the lean body weight of the animal |
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an elevation in which of the following laboratory blood tests would alert the anesthetist to the possibility of a dehydrated patient and a concern for decreased blood volume, which could adversely affect cardiac output, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion |
packed cell volume |
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in addition to delivering inhalation to a surgical patient, which of the following is the other purpose of an anesthesia machine |
remove respiratory waste products |
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which of the following valves is most likely to allow room air to enter an anesthesia machine |
adjustable pressure relief valve negative pressure relief valve |
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compressed gas cylinders should always be stored in which position |
vertical and chained/belted |
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in order to effectively absorb anesthetic vapors, activated charcoal cartridges should be replaced after |
12 hours of use or weight gain of 50 grams |
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which of the following scenarios would lead to the highest level of waste gas contamination |
a bottle of isoflurane is dropped and broken while refilling the vaporizer |
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y breathing host |
delivers anesthesia to the patient and removes CO2 from the patient |
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carbon dioxide absorber canister |
removes CO2 from oxygen and anesthetic gas so the gas and oxygen can be reused |
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reservoir bag |
monitor patients respiratory can manually breathe for the patient |
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scavenger system |
collects the anesthetic gas and prevents it from entering the room |
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vaporizer |
converts liquid gas to vapor gas and connects gas with oxygen |
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oxygen flow meter |
measured oxygen rate the patient is receiving in L/min |
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gas tank |
holds combustible gas usually oxygen |
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common problems that can result in waste gas leakage |
hole in the breathing host or reservoir bag connections arent air tight ET tube isnt placed correctly |
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name some risks and challenges the vet tech will face an an anesthetist |
changes in cardiovascular and pulmonary system monitoring the patient for sudden drops or movements gas leakage monitor vital signs constantly |
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t/f halothane is believed to be the least toxic inhalation agent |
false |
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t/f the term WAG is referred to as waste anesthetic gas |
true |
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t/f the primary function of a scavenging system is to collect waste gas from the machine in order for exact analysis |
false |
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t/f the anesthetist must approach any anesthetic procedure with a genuine willingness to take personal responsibility for the well being of the patient |
true |
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t/f it is not necessary to constantly monitor vital signs in anesthetic patients |
false |
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t/f low pressure leak checks should be performed only when a leakage is suspected |
false |
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immediately after completing the hand scrub, which of the following is the most appropriate step for the vet tech to take |
dry the hands with a sterile towel |
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a 5 year old toy fox terrier is about to undergo catheterization for IV treatment. which of the following gloving methods is appropriate for the vet tech to use |
open |
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toward the end of surgery on a 2 year old cat, the tech's right glove is inadvertently contaminated. the tech steps away from the sterile field and the circulating nurse properly takes off the tech's glove. so the tech can finish the surgery, which of the following regloving methods is most appropriate to use |
assisted |
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use of which of the following is most likely to reduce the chance of hypothermia in a cat during surgery |
hard heated pad |
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a 7 year old male siamese cat is to undergo surgery to repair a forelimb fracture sustained when he was hit by a bike. the vet expects to drill into the animal's bone. which of the following is most appropriate for the tech to use to keep the bone fragments out of the surgical site |
suction machine |
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which of the following parts of a ring handled surgical instrument is most likely to lock the instrument closed during a surgical procedure |
ratchet |
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during surgery on a cat, the vet needs to cut a sponge to fit a particular wound size. which of the following surgical scissors is most appropriate to hand her |
operating |
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during surgery on a 3 month old puppy the vet needs to cut a ligament. which of the following surgical scissors is most appropriate to hand him |
metzenbaum dissecting |
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the vet needs to clamp a large mass on the flank of a thoroughbred horse. which of the following forceps is most appropriate to use |
rochester carmalt hemostatic |
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the vet needs to clamp a small vessel in a cairn terrier dog. which of the following forceps is most appropriate to use |
crile hemostatic |
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a 3 year old female boxer is undergoing surgery to repair a hindlimb cut she sustained when running through thick underbush. the surgeon wants to use one instrument to hold a suture and then cut it. what is the most appropriate needle holder to use |
olsen hegar |
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which of the following scalpel blades is most likely to fit onto a no. 3 scalpel handle |
17 |
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which of the following surgical instruments is most appropriate to hand the surgeon when she wants to grasp and retract a patient's tissue on a short term basis |
thumb tissue forceps |
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a 9 year old female american shorthaired cat is undergoing delicate vascular surgery. which of the following forceps are most appropriate to use |
DeBakey thoracic thumb tissue |
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a 4 year old male great dane dog is undergoing abdominal surgery. the surgeon wants to deflect tissue and other structures away from the surgical site for complete visualization. whats the best instrument to use |
balfour retractor |
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a 3 year old male domestic shorthaired cat is undergoing surgery. the surgeon wants to use a penetrating but lightweight towel clamp. which one |
jones |
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a 6 month old female labrador retriever is undergoing ovariohysterectomy. the surgeon is about to exteriorize the uterine horns. which instrument do you use |
snook spay hook |
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during ultrasonography of a 12 year old male giant schnauzer's thoracic region, a large mass is detected on tissue, and the surgeon orders cytology of a sample of the mass. to gather the sample to send to the lab which of the following is most appropriate to use |
punch biopsy instrument |
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a 3 year old male quarterhorse is undergoing a bone graft. which of the following instruments is most appropriate to use to break up pieces of bone in this horse |
bone rongeur |
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the vet tech is looking over the surgery schedule for tomorrow and sees 3 ophthalmic surgeries are scheduled. the tech knows that one instrument will not be needed tomorrow. which one do you leave out of the surgery room |
intermedullary pin |
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a new vet tech is preparing to start her job tomorrow. which of the following are the most appropriate nail care practices she should begin tonight |
clip nails shorter than her fingertips and remove nail polish |
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a 4 year old bichon frise dog that underwent surgery yesterday is showing signs of acute infection this morning. the vet determines it was endogenous contamination during surgery. what is most likely the cause of this dog's signs |
underlying asymptomatic infection |
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a vet tech is about to step out of the surgery room for a minute. which of the following is the most appropriate action he should take before leaving the room |
put a clean laboratory coat over his scrubs |
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which of the following needles are used most likely in bovine surgical closures |
double curved |
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which of the following needle points is most likely to penetrate tissue without leaving small cuts and thus is most appropriate to use for cutting tough fibrous tissue |
taperpoint |
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which of the following multifilament suture materials cant be absorbed by the body and thus must be manually removed after healing |
polyester |
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which of the following is the largest suture size |
No. 4 |
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the vet tech is looking at the list of surgeries to be performed tomorrow. in what order should the surgeries be performed |
hip replacement on an 11 year old bullmastiff dog repair of a severed achilles tendon in a 2 year old male pit bull repair of a femoral fracture in a 5 year old airedale terrier debridement of an old wound in an 8 year old DLH cat repair of an impacted anal sac of a 3 year old female manx cat |
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proper scrub attire is meant to reduce the chance that microbes will be released into the surgery area. these microbes are msot likely present where on the human body |
sebaceous and sweat glands around hair follicles |
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a surgical mask should cover which of the following areas of the face |
the nose and mouth |
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during a surgical procedure, a vet tech feels she is about to sneeze. which of the following is the most appropriate action for her to take |
dont turn her head step back from the sterile field |
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which of the following is the minimum amount of time that presurgical mechanical scrubbing should take to be done correctly |
5 minutes |
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a vet tech is setting up protocols for a new clinic's scrub and surgery rooms. which of the following notices should be posted elsewhere in the clinic |
fair employment notice |
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when selecting an antimicrobial detergent, the vet tech should look for one that offers broad spectrum activity, is non irritating, offers persistent effects and cumulative activity, and is fast acting and effective. which of the following is the 5th most appropriate characteristic the tech should look for |
FDA compliant |
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which of the following antimicrobial skin cleansing agents does not have residual activity |
alcohol |
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which of the following antimicrobial skin-cleansing agents has residual effect that can last longer than 6 days |
chlorhexidine gluconate |
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which of the following is the first step the vet tech should take immediately before beginning the surgical scrub process |
wash the hands and forearms with an antimicrobial agent |
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which of the following is the most appropriate chronologic order for a surgical hand rub |
fingers, hands, forearms, elbows |
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tips jaws box lock shank ratchet ring handle |
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it is most appropriate for the vet tech to delay extubation after surgery on which of the following animals until the animal can lift the head by himself
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pekingese dog |
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the postanesthesia patient is most likely to be considered recovered when which of the following occurs |
the animals physiologic parameters return to normal |
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a 7 year old cat is in the recovery cage after surgery and is thrashing about, crying out and paddling all four limbs. which is most likely explanation of this |
emergence delirium |
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which of the following animals should be given reduced concentrations of anesthetic agents during surgery |
neonates sight hounds those with kidney disease those with liver disease those with head trauma those with seizure disorders |
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in the recovery cage, a 3 year old female skye terrier dog is bleeding from her surgical site. the surgeon is concerned about internal bleeding. in addition to pale mucous membranes, welling at the surgical site and rapid respirations, what is another sign that the dog has internal hemorrhage |
abdominal bloating hypotension slowed capillary refill time |
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a 10 month old DSH cat has a lump at its wound site 24 hours after surgery. aspirate from the mass is straw colored. what is the most likely cause of this mass |
overactive postoperatively seroma |
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a few days after surgery, fibroblasts and granular tissue invade a wound site. at which of the following wound healing stages is this animal most likely to be |
repair |
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a man brings to the clinic a dog he found by the side of the road. the dog is malnourished, markedly dehydrated, and frightened. examination shows and active infection with purulent exudate in a laceration on the dogs right flank. the wound has started to heal over, and the vet thinks the animal sustained the wound 2 days ago. what is the wound classification |
dirty |
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a surgical wound is most likely to be classified as |
clean |
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a race track vet is in the paddock when a horse gores itself on a pitch fork mistakenly left in its stall. the vet immediately examines the wound. what is the wound classification |
contaminated |
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which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for a cat that is apparently experiencing a breakthrough pain after surgery |
analgesics |
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a client brings his 4 year old mixed breed dog to the clinic because he says the dog is in chronic pain after falling from the clients backyard deck 1 month ago. the client appears disheveled and cannot answer specific questions about the dogs condition. the PE of the dog shows no abnormalities. BCS is appropriate and the animal seems bright and alert. the client insists that the vet office prescribe pain pills that the client will give at home. what should the vet team do |
do not write the prescription |
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halsted mosquito forceps |
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crile forceps |
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kelly forceps |
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rochester carmalt forceps |
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rochester pean forceps |
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rochester ochsner forceps |
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ferguson angiotribe forceps |
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rat tooth tissue forceps |
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adson tissue forceps |
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brown adson tissue forceps |
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dressing forceps |
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allis tissue forceps |
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babcock intestinal forceps |
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forester sponge holding forceps |
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backhaus towel forceps |
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jones towel forceps |
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mayo-hegar needle holder |
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olson-hegar needle holder-scissors combination |
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metzenbaum scissors |
thin, delicate
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mayo scissors |
thicker
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operating scissors |
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wire scissors |
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straight spencer delicate stitch scissors |
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straight littauer stitch scissors |
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lister bandage scissors |
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knowles bandage scissors |
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senn rake retractor |
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balfour retractor |
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during surgery on a 3 year old poodle, the tech anesthetist is monitoring the patient under anesthesia. how frequently is it most appropriate for the anesthetist to check the patient and where should results be recorded |
every 5 minuets on teh anesthesia form |
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for which of the following patterns of scrubbing is it most appropriate to place a purse string suture in the anus before the preparation is begun |
perineal |
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several patient parameters should be monitored during surgery, including respiratory rate and rhythm, color of mucous membranes, temp, muscle tone and reflexes, heart rate and rhythm and eye position. what is also important to monitor |
capillary refill time |
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when is the best time to clip a patient |
immediately after the patient has been stabilized under anesthesia |
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a 10 year old female wire fox terrier dog has been anesthetized. she is panting, and her respiratory rate is 25 beats/min. she responds to the surgeons touch by struggling, but she appears disoriented. her eye position is central. her pupils are normal and respond to light. her muscle tone and reflexes appear normal. what stage of anesthesia is she in |
stage 1 |
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which of the following are the acceptable lower and upper limits on heart beats per minute for an anesthetized dachshund |
70-200 |
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which of the following techniques is most appropriate to use to confirm proper placement of an endotracheal tube |
blowing of gauze or hair air movement patient cough fogging in teh tube |
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the CRT of an anesthetized 11 year old ragdoll cat is 4 seconds. besides reduced arterial blood pressure what is most likely additional cause of prolonged CRT |
peripheral vasoconstriction |
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the proper endotracheal tube size to use is a decision based on |
the patients weight |
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when leak checking an endotracheal tube before surgery, the tech submerges the tube in a pan of clean water. the absence of what in the water denotes that the tube has no leak |
bubbles |
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a vet should be notified immediately if the mean arterial pressure/map of an anesthetized animal reaches which threshold |
60 mmHg |
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during surgery on a 9 month old male beagle the tech notices pale mucous membranes. poor tissue perfusion and shock are rule out. the vet asks the circulating nurse to check the patients medical record to see if what was done before surgery |
complete blood count |
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the respiratory rate of an anesthetized 3 year old cat is 5 breaths/min. this is most likely a sign of |
excessive anesthetic depth |
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as anesthetic depth increases, which of the following best describes what happens to the respiratory rate |
decreases |
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it is most appropriate to manually ventilate a patient how frequently
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every 5 to 10 minutes |
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during surgery on a cat, the tech manually ventilates the patient and immediately smells a pungent gas odor. this means |
the endotracheal tube has become dislodged |
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flaccid jaw muscle tone in an anesthetized animal is most likely to signify |
heavily anesthetized |
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during surgery a tech is using a pulse oximeter to monitor a patient. in addition to monitoring the pulse rate what else does the machine do |
measures percentage of available hemoglobin saturated with oxygen |
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which of the following is the normal range of systolic blood pressure in an anesthetized dog or cat |
90-160 mm Hg |
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which of the following machines is most helpful when the tech wants to evaluate an anesthetized patients respiratory rate and the quality of its respirations |
capnometer |
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during surgery an anesthetized 4 year old mixed breed dog has an expired CO2 level of 55 mm Hg. the capnometer is checked and is in good working order. what is most likely to correct the hypercarbia |
increase ventilation |
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direct blood pressure monitoring is best performed by placing a catheter into which of the following |
artery |
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which of the following is least useful for detecting the proper placement of an endotracheal tube |
feeling air come out of the tube when pressing on the chest |
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nonrebreathng systems are generally recommended for patients that weigh |
less than 7 kg |
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the patient is in respiratory arrest. which of the following is the correct action and reason |
turn off the vaporizer, because chances are the patient is too deep, and you need to begin ventilating breaths with oxygen alone |
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over inflation of the lungs during artificial ventilation |
may cause emphysema
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hypothermia |
prolongs anesthetic recovery
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the patient is in an excessively deep plane of anesthesia. which answer would not be an explanation |
the endotracheal tube is kinked
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puppies and kittens delivered by cesarean section that have reduced respiratory function can be given this drug underneath their tongue to stimulate respiration |
doxapram
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immediately after tracheal intubation in a 3 kg cat you notice extreme respiratory distress. the most likely cause is |
bronchial intubation
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the patient is dyspneic. you should do all of the following except |
disconnect the pet from the anesthesia machine
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some anesthetists routinely bag the patient under inhalation anesthesia once every 5 minutes to help prevent |
atelectasis
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when inflating the cuff on an endotracheal tube, you should change to a larger diameter tube if cuff inflation requires injection of more than what volume of air |
5 ml
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once extubated, all animals should be placed in |
sternal recumbency with the neck extended
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a 10 year old dog has been anesthetized for removal of a skin tumor and is now maintained on 2% isoflurane. the anesthetist observes that its respirations are 8/min and shallow, its heart rate is 80 beat/min, its pupils are centrally positioned, its jaw tone is slack, and all of its reflexes are absent. what should be your response or actions to the condition of this animal |
you should reduce the vaporizer setting to 1.5% isoflurane and continue to monitor for signs of decreased depth
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if the rebreathing bag is empty during anesthesia, all of the following may be the cause except |
the oxygen flow may be too high
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in nonbrachycephalic breeds of dogs recovering from anesthesia, the endotracheal tube should be removed when the |
swallowing reflex returns
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following discontinuation of the anesthetic gas, periodic bagging of the patient with pure oxygen is advisable because it |
help reinflate collapsed alveoli
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hypoventilation that occurs in the anesthetized patient is characterized by |
decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels
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after placing, lubricating, and inflating the cuff of the endotracheal tube, you note a sudden decrease in heart rate. the most likely causes is |
cuff may be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia
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the best method for determining the proper inflation of an endotracheal tube cuff is |
inject air while applying pressure from the reservoir bag until no air escapes around the tube
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the volume of the rebreathing bag on an anesthetic machine should be at least |
3 times the patient's tidal volume
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propofol is a |
nonbarbiturate, intravenous anesthetic with hypotensive potential
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when inflating lungs with the thoracic cavity open to the atmosphere, be sure that the pressure reached on the manometer is |
20 cm H2O
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which of the following is the most common complication of endotracheal intubation |
]placement of the tube in the esophagus
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it is advisable to turn the anesthetized patient from side to side during the recovery period of anesthesia. concerning this, which statement is least accurate |
it is advisable to turn all animals dorsally rather than sternally to prevent gastric torsion
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a capillary refill time that is over 2 seconds indicates |
decreased peripheral blood perfusion
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a 6 year old irish setter is brought to the hospital after being struck by a vehicle. radiographs showed a fractured left tibia. which is the first step in treatment |
administer analgesics |
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A woman brings to a veterinary clinic a mixed-breed Terrier dog that she found lying by the side of the road. Physical examination shows a fracture of the right radius. Diagnostic studies show the radius is broken in three places, but the surgeon believes the bone pieces can be aligned with fixation. Which of the following types of bone fracture is this? |
comminuted reducible |
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During abdominal exploratory surgery on a mixed-breed dog, it is most appropriate for the technician to ensure the animal’s exposed organs are kept moist and covered with which of the following? |
laparotomy sponges |
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Which of the following surgical instruments is most appropriate to have ready for upcoming exploratory abdominal surgery on a Bernese Mountain dog? |
balfour retractor |
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Diagnostic studies show a rubber ball in the stomach of an 8-month-old Labrador Retriever dog. Surgery is necessary to remove it. The veterinary technician need not prepare which of the following instruments for this emergency surgery? |
beaver blade handle |
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A woman brings to a veterinary clinic a mixed-breed Terrier dog that she found lying by the side of the road. Physical examination shows a fracture of the right radius with a small puncture hole in the skin around the fracture site. The bone is not exposed. Which of the following types of fracture is this? |
grade 1 open |
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An 8-month-old Labrador Retriever dog is brought for evaluation because of a 1-day history of vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia. Palpation of the abdomen elicits pain. The animal seems depressed. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test to administer to this dog? |
radiography |
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A 6-year-old male Black and Tan Coonhound dog is brought for evaluation because of a 1-day history of marked lameness of the right hindlimb. The dog is carrying the limb in flexion; only the toes touch the ground. Palpation of the limb elicits pain and shows joint effusion around the stifle joint. Displacement of the tibia is noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? |
cranial cruciate ligament injury |
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A rubber ball has been surgically removed from the stomach of an 8-month-old Labrador Retriever dog. In the recovery cage after the gastrotomy, the dog continues to vomit intermittently for the next 3 hours. Which of the following is the most appropriate action? |
continue IV fluids and withhold food and water |
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A 6-year-old male Black and Tan Coonhound dog is brought for evaluation of marked lameness of the right hindlimb after he trapped the limb in a fence yesterday, and the owner had to pry him out. The dog is carrying the limb in flexion; only the toes touch the ground. Palpation of the limb elicits pain and shows joint effusion around the stifle joint. Which of the following additional diagnostic tests are most appropriate? |
tibial compression and cranial drawer test |
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A 3-year-old female Border Collie dog is about to undergo surgery for cranial cruciate ligament repair. How is it most appropriate to position the dog’s limb during the presurgical scrub? |
suspended above the table |
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During anastomosis on a cat, the surgeon is most likely to ask the veterinary technician to do which of the following just before suturing begins? |
hold the 2 segments of intestine in alignment |
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A 10-year-old female Weimaraner dog is diagnosed with neoplasia of the intestinal tract. Surgical exploration shows necrosis in a section of the bowel. For which of the following surgical procedures is the surgeon most likely to tell the technician to prepare the animal? |
intestinal resection and anastomosis |
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After gastric surgery on a dog and before closure of the abdomen, which of the following is most appropriate for the scrub team to do? |
do a sponge count change instrument packs change gloves do an instrument count |
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A 13-year-old Greater Swiss Mountain dog is recovering in the clinic from gastropexy to treat volvulus. It is most appropriate to check the dog for which of the following conditions for 2 to 3 days after surgery? |
cardiac arrhythmia |
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most anesthetic deaths are due to complications involving |
the cardiovascular and respiratory systems |
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when is the largest portion of anesthetic related deaths likely to occur |
post anesthetic period |
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of the following, which is least likely to contribute to anesthetic problems and emergencies |
human error |
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failure to prevent a patient from inhaling excessive levels of CO2 is likely to result in |
hypercapnia |
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patient groups that are predisposed to increased risk for anesthetic complication include all of the following |
brachycephalic sighthounds obese |
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in general those patients under what age are considered to be at increased risk when anesthetized |
3 months |
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which of the following is unlikely to occur even after a short period of fasting in pediatric patients |
hyperglycemia |
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a geriatric patient is defined as one that has reached what percentage of their life expectancy |
75% |
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in patients that have concurrent respiratory disease and are undergoing anesthesia, which drug should be avoided |
nitrous oxide |
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patients with liver disease that have also been diagnosed with hyproproteinemia can experience increased potency with which type of anesthetic agent |
barbiturates |
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due to the ability to cross the placental barrier, which of the following drugs is not advised for use during caesarean sections |
diazepam |
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which of the following is commonly compromised due to the distended uterus of parturient patients |
tidal volume |
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when assessing ventilation in patients suffering fro conditions such as diaphragmatic hernias, monitoring all of the following is helpful |
pulse oximetry capnography arterial blood gas |
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which of the following parameters should be carefully monitored in seizure patients in relation to muscle activity |
body temperature |
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during cardiac arrest, the use of vasopressor drugs could include the administration of all of the following |
norepinephrine
vasopressin dopamine |
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during CPR which of the following ETCO2 levels in indicative of adequate perfusion |
15 mm Hg |
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while monitoring an anesthetized patient, intermittent, abrupt gasps are noted. this breathing pattern should be recognized as |
atonal breaths |
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a thoracentesis may be indicated to remove all of the following |
air blood pleural effusion |
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due to the inherent differences in anesthetizing pediatric patients, which of the following is the most appropriate strategy to institute to decrease anesthetic risk |
choose inhalant over injectable anesthetics |
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the discerning factor to differentiate between vomiting and regurgitation in a patient is |
lack of retching or other outward signs |
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ovariohysterectomy procedure |
special instrument-spay hook used to exteriorize the uterine horn positioning- dorsal recumbency, ventral midline incision, xiphoid to the pubis shaved abdominal incision through the subcutaneous tissue and linea alba three clamp technique of uterine horn double ligation of uterine body |
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primary indications for OHE/ovariohysterectomy |
neoplasia, trauma to reproductive tract, dystocia, uterine torsion, abolition of heat cycle, stabilization of other systemic disease removal of ovary and uterus |
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post op OHE |
hemorrhaging renal dysfunction secondary to ureteral |
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indications of c section |
maldeveloped fetuses oversized fetuses malposition fetuses small pelvic canal of dam previous pelvic trauma of dam insufficient dilation uterine uinertia |
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cesarean section procedure |
delivery of fetuses by incision through abdominal wall and uterus instruments-soft tissue surgery pack, extra hemostasis and hands dorsal recumbency, empty bladder |
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c-section without ovariohysterectomy |
uterine horns exteriorized uterus isolated with moistened laprarotomy sponges squeeze each fetus cranially toward the incision have hemostats ready |
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c-section with ovariohysterectomy |
en-bloc resection abdominal wall closure may finish with a subticular layer or intradermal layer to avoid irritation from neonates if skin sutures are used |
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care of neonates |
inside the uterus- incise the uterus and dislodge them break amniotic sac have area prepared for neonates with warm towels, heat, medications, suture, scissors, suction bulb naloxone/doxaprim- stimulate breathing if mother was given opiods after stabilized, ligate and transect umbilical cord |
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pyometra |
pus filled uterus instruments= routine spay pack, laparotomy sponges, heated lavage and suction dorsal recumbency routine ovariohysterectomy/OHE remove uterus |
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postoperative considerations for pyometra |
IV antibiotics-stable animals oral antibiotics for 7-10 days post op |
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canine castration |
surgical removal of testicles instrument=general soft tissue surgical pack dorsal recumbency palpate both testicles present surgical site is from tip of prepuce to above the scrotum open-tunics are incised, cord contents ligated and transected separately closed- spermatic cord encased in its parietal vaginal tunic is ligated and transected |
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indication of neuter/orhiectomy |
sterilization of the dog prevention of roaming, aggressive behavior, urine marking, congenital abnormalities treatment of scrotal/testicular neoplasia, abscess or infection, disease related to hormones |
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criptorchid |
one testicle has not descended and is somewhere in the abdomen |
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feline castration |
instruments- hemostat, blade, metal clips position lateral or dorsal dont suture testicles |
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post op for castration
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scrotal bleeding cold compress |
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anesthesia |
loss of sensation to the entire or any part of the body progressive reversible intoxication of the CNS |
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sedation |
central nervous system depression and drowsiness |
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tranquilization |
state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is away of but unconcerned about its surroundings |
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hypnosis |
a sleeplike state, patient can be aroused with sufficient stimulation |
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noxious |
painful or physical harmful |
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narcosis |
a drug induced sleep from the patient and is not easily aroused |
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analgesia |
absence of pain |
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algesia |
sensitivity to pain |
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balanced anesthesia |
administration of multiple drugs in smaller quantities |
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general anesthesia |
drug induced unconsciousness delivery in a controlled manner reversible depression of CNS sensory, motor and autonomic reflex functions are depressed attenuated |
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stage 1 anesthesia |
disoriented, struggling, fear RR increased, HR increased |
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stage 2 anesthesia |
excitement stage, reflex struggling, vocalization, padding, chewing RR irregular, hyperventilate or hold breath HR high normal and strong pulse |
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stage 3 anesthesia |
plane 1-light anesthesia-unconscious-possible movement in response to surgical stimulation, RR regular, HR high normal plane 2-medium surgical-unconscious, immobile. RR regular and shallow, mild decrease. HR normal or decrease, pulse strength decreased plane 3-deep anesthesia-unconscious, immobile, RR shallow, abdominal breathing, HR low, pale MM, CRT high, pulse weak |
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stage 4 anesthesia |
unconscious, immobile apnea cardiovascular collapse |
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arterial oxygen saturation |
95-99 |
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end tidal carbon dioxide level/ETco2 |
35-45 |
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systolic blood pressure |
90-160 |
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diastolic blood pressure |
50-90 |
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mean arterial pressure awake |
85-120 |
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mean arterial pressure under anesthesia |
70-99 |
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selecting endotracheal tube |
a dog weighing 20 kg will require a 9.5-10mm tube +/- 1mm for each 5kg of weight under/over 20kg |
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cat endotracheal sizes |
5kg- 4.5-5mm tube |
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dog endotracheal sizes |
2kg- 5mm tube 10kg- 7.5-8mm tube 20kg- 9.5-10mm t 40kg- 12-14mm tube |
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HR during anesthesia for dogs |
60-150 |
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RR during anesthesia for dogs |
8-20 |
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temp during anesthesia for dogs |
97-100 |
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cat HR under anesthesia |
120-180 |
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cat RR under anesthesia |
8-20 |
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cat temp under anesthesia |
97-100 |
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reflexes |
swallowing, palpebral reflex, pedal reflex, corneal reflex, pupillary light reflex, spontaneous movement, muscle tone, eyeball position, pupil size, heart rate, respiratory rat, salivation, lacrimation, response to surgical stimulation |
