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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Evolutionary psychologists would predict that fathers are less attached to offspring than mothers because:


a. mothers invest more time in their offspring.


b. fathers are less certain of paternity than mothers.


c. fathers have more children than mothers.


d. mothers are genetically closer to their offspring.

fathers are less certain of paternity than mothers.

I am incredibly interested in William James' theories of psychology. I would therefore be interested in which school of psychology?


a. Sociobiology.


b. Psychoanalyse.


c. Functionalism.


d. Behaviourism.

Functionalism.

Hailie had an upsetting argument with her best friend Anna. As a result, she suddenly became aware that deep down she had always disliked Anna even though she had previously thought that she really admired and liked her. This kind of experience fits most directly into which psychological perspective?


a. Behaviourist perspective


b. Humanistic perspective


c. Cognitive perspective


d. Psychodynamic perspective

Psychodynamic perspective

Terri is at the start of her undergraduate psychology degree and is keen to work in any area where she will be able to use her psychological skills and qualifications. In purely statistical terms, it is most likely that in six or seven years' time Terri will be working as a psychologist in which field?


a. Education


b. Personal and other services


c. Private


d. Government administration and defence

Private

If someone asked you to report your conscious experience of eating a strawberry, that person is probably:


a. helping you to reach your full potential from a humanistic perspective.


b. conditioning you using behaviouralist techniques.


c. a structuralist and asking you to perform introspection.


d. examining your unconscious mind from a psychodynamic perspective.

a structuralist and asking you to perform introspection

A survey is reported in your local newspaper on motives for shopping in your town. The claim is made that people in your town generally shop because they find it very enjoyable. You notice that the survey findings came from a short self-return questionnaire delivered with a local shopping centre's advertising supplement. You know that the supplement only goes to the two neighbourhoods near the shopping centre and not to the rest of the town. From reading your psychology textbook and from what little you know about how the survey was carried out, you realise that there is at least one major flaw in the study. What is that flaw?


a. The findings of the study are not generalisable to your town's population.


b. The measures used to identify shopping motives were not reliable.


c. The measures used to identify shopping motives were not valid.


d. There was no underlying theoretical framework to organise observations.

The findings of the study are not generalisable to your town's population.

14. In experimental research, the dependent variable is _________ by the researcher.


a. operationalised


b. manipulated


c. measured


d. conditioned

measured

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of naturalistic observation?


a. May not generalise to a broader population


b. Observer effects


c. Cannot establish causation


d. Self-report bias

Self-report bias

A close relative of yours undergoes a check to see if she has any brain tumours. The doctor describes the technique as involving the rotation of an x-ray machine around your relative's head which generates a picture of the brain. The technique being described by the doctor is most precisely known as:


a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)


b. Computerised axial tomography (CAT)


c. Positron emission tomography (PET)


d. Neuroimaging

Computerised axial tomography (CAT)

Sunny has completed her research and the results show meaningful correlations. The correlations are likely to be around:


a. -.07


b. .19


c. .23 the


d. .35

.35

The 'grey matter' of the brain gets its colour from:


a. myelinated axons.


b. cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons.


c. synapses.


d. myelinated cell bodies and dendrites

cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons.

Neurons send signals by:


a. tapping on the terminal buttons of the next neurone.


b. releasing a chemical that alters the electrical charge of the next neurone.


c. activating the glial cells.


d. creating a picture in the brain.

releasing a chemical that alters the electrical charge of the next neurone.

The ability to feel a wedding ring on your finger and to see the cat running through a room requires a normally functioning _______ lobe.


a. frontal


b. temporal


c. parietal


d. occipital

parietal

The fact that language is located more in the left hemisphere is an example of:


a. the split-brain phenomenon.


b. a malfunctioning corpus callosum.


c. lateralisation.


d. all of the options listed.

lateralisation.

The somatic nervous system of a patient is no longer working for an unknown reason. What would this person be like?


a. The patient would be dead since it controls things such as heart and lungs


b. The patient would be unable to move when they wanted to


c. The patient would be incapable of sleeping


d. The patient would find themselves incapable of staying awake

The patient would be unable to move when they wanted to

Many people display severe negative emotional reactions to hypodermic needles, through exposure to injections in childhood. These reactions can be explained in terms of:


a. instrumental conditioning.


b. classical conditioning.


c. blocking.


d. preparedness to learn.

classical conditioning

The sound of a bell predicts a puff of air, which elicits an eye blink. What is the puff of air?


a. the UCR


b. the CS


c. the CR


d. the UCS

the UCS

A dog bit you, and now all dogs scare you. ______ is occurring.


a. Extinction


b. Discrimination


c. Generalisation


d. Punishment

Generalisation

All the popular kids at school smoke and so I decide to try smoking. Which form of social learning is this?


a. Tutelage


b. Modelling


c. Classical conditioning


d. Vicarious conditioning

Modelling

Everything has been going wrong for John. No matter what he tries, it does not seem to make any difference. Therefore, he has given up trying. John's behaviour is an example of:


a. avoidance learning.


b. paradoxical conditioning.


c. stimulus generalisation.


d. learned helplessness.

learned helplessness

When dealing with people from other cultures, psychologists need to ensure they are first:


a. able to speak the language.


b. able to keep a clear head.


c. able to maintain cultural competence.


d. impartial.

able to maintain cultural competence.

The shared rules that govern the behaviour of a group of people and enable the members of that group to coexist and survive is defined as:


a. society.


b. ethnicity.


c. tradition.


d. culture.

culture.

The feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules, and expectations of another culture, is called:


a. adaptive functioning.


b. cultural adjustment.


c. culture shock.


d. pluralism.

culture shock.

Having an unreasonable and negative stereotype about members of another group of people is defined by your text as:


a. prejudice.


b. chauvinism.


c. intolerance.


d. impartiality.

prejudice.

For Australian Aboriginals, art is considered:


a. sacred.


b. spiritual.


c. functional.


d. both spiritual and functional.

both spiritual and functional.

The __________ perspective aims to establish whether a particular theory fits across different cultures.


a. cultural


b. emic


c. etic


d. multicultural

etic

The process whereby the rules of the culture one is born into, and grows up in, are absorbed and internalised is called:


a. assimilation.


b. indoctrination.


c. reciprocity.


d. enculturation.

enculturation

Which of the following is a challenge faced by cross-cultural researchers when attempting to satisfy 'objective' measurement and generalisability of findings?


a. Research methods


b. Interpreting results


c. Equivalent samples


d. All of the options listed

All of the options listed

Which of the following describes the beginning of the resolution phase of culture shock?


a. Euphoria and excitement


b. Disillusionment and even hostility towards the new culture as values and habits conflict with local attitudes and beliefs


c. Adjustment as the individual learns how to fit into the new cultural environment


d. Recovery as confidence and understanding of the new culture grow

Recovery as confidence and understanding of the new culture grow

Two fundamental assumptions in the science of psychology that particularly exclude indigenous people and realities are:


a. collectivism and social constructionism.


b. collectivism and universality.


c. individualism and social constructionism.


d. individualism and universality.

individualism and universality

One of the earliest theories of health behaviour is the:


a. theory of reasoned action


b. biopsychosocial model


c. psychosomatic medicine


d. health belief model

health belief model

Which one of the following is considered to be a reason for the development of the biopsychosocial model of health and the area of health psychology in general?


a. Social factors are more important than biological factors in affecting health


b. The leading causes of death today are largely preventable


c. Recognition that cognition determines an individual's state of bodily health


d. Recognition that the mind and the body cannot be separated

The leading causes of death today are largely preventable

Which one of the following is the most commonly held theory of health psychology today?


a. Biopsychosocial model of health


b. psychosomatic medicine


c. biological model


d. biomedical model

Biopsychosocial model of health

The use of Antabuse is an example of:


a. aversion therapy.


b. counter-conditioning.


c. genetic therapy.


d. self-persecution.

aversion therapy

Richard Lazarus distinguishes three types of stress:


a. harm or loss, threat, challenge.


b. challenge, threat, catastrophe.


c. hassles, catastrophes, life events.


d. exhaustion, harm or loss, catastrophe.

harm or loss, threat, challenge.

Every year, my New Year's resolution is to do more exercise because it will result in me being healthier, despite the fact that it will mean getting less work done. I made this decision because I considered, in terms of the health belief model, the:


a. pros and cons.


b. cues to action and goal state.


c. benefits and barriers.


d. present state and goal state.

benefits and barriers.

I want to quit smoking. If I want to truly increase my chances of being successful, I would definitely make sure I:


a. have social support.


b. use pharmacological agents such as the nicotine patch or nicotine gum.


c. avoid advertisements that relate to smoking either directly or indirectly.


d. get hypnotised.

have social support

Physical manifestations of psychological issues are known as:


a. mind-body crossovers.


b. psychosomatic illness.


c. biopsychosocial markers.


d. humoural interventions.

psychosomatic illness.

As Michael watches his instructor pass out papers, he suddenly realises this is the first major exam and he is totally unprepared. Which phase of the general adaption syndrome is he most likely experiencing?


a. Resistance


b. Exhaustion


c. Phaseout


d. Alarm

Alarm

Betty is constantly trying to be the best. For her, winning is everything. She feels constant time pressure and always keeps one eye glued to the clock. She has little patience with others and expects them to be as ambitious as she is. Her behaviour is typical of a(n) ______ personality.


a. Type A


b. Type B


c. internalising


d. externalising

Type A