Summer Bio 211 Final Study

Front 1

The structure of DNA was conclusively determined by

Back 1

X-ray crystallography

Front 2

The conclusion drawn from bacteriophage experiments in which the phage was either labeled with 35S or 32P was that

Back 2

DNA was the hereditary material of cells

Front 3

The phosphodiester bonds that connect nucleic acids together into polmers also provide orientation to the strands. This orientation

Back 3

Exhibits a 5' prime and 3' prime end

Front 4

Cells in amulticellular organism that function as a grouo to perform a commen function

Back 4

Tissue

Front 5

The # of photons in a solution of pH 3 is _____ times greater than in a solution of pH 7

Back 5

10,000

Front 6

In eukaryotes, the stop codon causes a water molecule to attached to the c-terminus of

Back 6

The elongating polypeptide

Front 7

A mutation that results in an amino acif sequence change of a protein is termed a _______ mutation

Back 7

Missense

Front 8

This model of DNA replication, where each orignal strand is used as a template to build a new strand, is called the

Back 8

Semiconservative method

Front 9

Transcriptional control proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to

Back 9

Enhancer sequences within the DNA

Front 10

Homologous chromosomes

Back 10

Carry information for same traits

Front 11

Ionic bonds are characterized by

Back 11

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

Front 12

A pH>7 is

Back 12

Basic

Front 13

The replicon includes all of the following except

Back 13

RNA polymerase

Front 14

The double-stand of a DNA molecule are stabilized by

Back 14

Hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs

Front 15

RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA during lagging-strand synthesis by which enzyme

Back 15

DNA polymerase I

Front 16

Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negativr charge. Such opposite charges make water molecules attract each other though bonds called

Back 16

Hydrogen bonds

Front 17

During DNA replication, the ________-_____ is characterized as continuoud because its DNA template is running in the 3' to 5' direction

Back 17

Leading strand

Front 18

The error ratr of DNA replication is approximately 1000 times lower because of which unique function of DNA polymerase III

Back 18

A proofreading subunit

Front 19

The energy for synthrsizing DNA is directly obtained from

Back 19

dNRPs

Front 20

Which of the following distinguishes RNA from DNA

Back 20

Single stranded

Thymine replaced by uracil

Ribose

Hairpin structures

All of these

Front 21

RNA polymerase

Back 21

Binds to promoter

Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template

Synthesizes RNA in the 5' and 3' direction

Requires additional transcription factors for normal catalytic activity

All of these

Front 22

During which phase of translation is GTP used to catalyze peptide bond formation

Back 22

Initiation and elongation

Front 23

Protein structure is a function of

Back 23

The amino acid sequence

hydrogen bonding

hydrophobic interactions

Salt-bridges

Front 24

Which of the following characteristic are necessary to being "alive"

Back 24

Order

Sensitivity

Growth, developmet, and reproduction

Regulation

Front 25

In prokaryotes, regulatory proteins shut off transcriptions by binding to a site immediately in front of the promoter and often even overlapping the promoter. This site is referred to as

Back 25

The operator site

Front 26

Histone are tightly packed with DNA into ______, which condense DNA in the nucleus

Back 26

Nucleosomes

Front 27

Basal transcriptions factors include _________ which bind to DNA at the TATA box and facilitate mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes

Back 27

TFIID

Front 28

mRNA may be modified by additi9n of which of the following

Back 28

5' GTP "cap"

3' poly-A tail

Front 29

Chlorine has 17 electrons arranged in three energy levels. The outer level has seven electrons. In order to become stable, tje atoms gains an electron thus filling the valence orbital with 8 electrons and subsequently becomes an ion with

Back 29

1 negitive charge

Front 30

In the crystal matrix of ordinary salt, the sodium and chlorine are held together by

Back 30

Ionic bonds

Front 31

Micro RNA induces gene silencing in drosophila by

Back 31

Binding directly to mRNA forming a ds structure

Front 32

Mature mRNA is stabilized in the cytoplasm by

Back 32

5' GTP cap

Front 33

Introns qre removed from primary mRNA transcripts by the

Back 33

Spliceosomes

Front 34

Conside4 the lac operon. The repressor protein will________ to/from the __________ site in the presense of lactose

Back 34

Dissociate; operator

Front 35

Nonpolar molescules tend to aggregate in water because they are forced to come into close proximity with each other due to

Back 35

Hydrophobic interactions

Front 36

Nucleic acids are polymers that uniquely contain

Back 36

Rings of nitrogen bases

Front 37

Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleic acid core. This capsid is composed of

Back 37

Protein

Front 38

Virulent viruses multiply within infected cells eventually

Back 38

Cause lysis of the host cell, releasing new viruses

Front 39

MRNA may be modified by the addition of which of the following

Back 39

5' GTP "cap"

3' poly-A tail

Front 40

Recently a class of infectious proteins with no associated nucleic acid have beeb identified. They are referred to as

Back 40

Prions

Front 41

The HIV virus is concidered a ______ virus because afyer getting integrated into the host cell chromosomes it does not begin replicating immediately

Back 41

Temperate/lysogenic

Front 42

Each HIV partical posseses a________ on its surface that precisely fits a cell surface marker protein called CD4 on the surfaces of the immune system cells called macrophages and T cells

Back 42

Glycoprotein

Front 43

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in

Back 43

A trigleceride

Front 44

Biological membranes contain bilayers of which of the following lipids

Back 44

Phospholipids

Front 45

A layer of lipoprotein and glycoproteins that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the

Back 45

Envelope

Front 46

Virues that cause lysis of their host are called

Back 46

Virulent

Front 47

What is the difference between a robonucleotide and a deoxyribonucleotide

Back 47

Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group on 2' carbon of their sugar subunit

Front 48

Which of the following is effective against prion disease

Back 48

Avoiding the consumption of brain tissue

Front 49

Multiple gene products may be produced from single gene as a consequence of which genetic mechanism

Back 49

Alternitive splicing

Front 50

The presence of glucose affects the lac operon in which of the following ways

Back 50

Reduces efficiency of RNA polymerase binding to promoter

Front 51

A virus that contains DNA as genetic material requires which unique enzyme in order to replicate in a host cell

Back 51

Reverse transcription

Front 52

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions, they form a thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm. These structures are called

Back 52

Endospores

Front 53

On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell type. Often these molecules are

Back 53

Carbohydrate chains on protein and or lipid

Front 54

Tooth decay is the result of bacteria living in biofilms of the surface of the teeth the most common causative genus is

Back 54

Streptococcus

Front 55

The greatest expression of the lack Opteron occurs when lactose levels are______

Back 55

High and glucose levels are low.